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From the ECS State Policy Database 2002 State Policies / Activities

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2002. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All." Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Cheating Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Data-Driven Improvement Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Child Care P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Postsecondary Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Minority Private Schools Privatization Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Reading/Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Safety MI Signed into law 12/2002 P-12 Criminalizes Sexual Conduct Between School Employees and Students S.B. 1127 Provides that it is criminal sexual conduct if the victim is a minor between certain age groupings and the actor is a teacher, administrator... More... PA Signed into law 12/2002 P-12 Youth Peddling H.B. 974 Amends the Child Labor Law. Provides for youth peddling under certain conditions. Requires signed consent from parent or guardian, adult sup... More... WV Adopted 12/2002 P-12 Code of Conduct STATE ID: 126-99 Title 126, Series 99 The purpose is to provide districts with a policy of student conduct that will ensure an orderly and safe environment that is conducive to l... More... DE Rule Adoption 11/2002 P-12 School/Police Relations 14 DAC 601 Amends regulation regarding school and police relations. Includes charter schools and alternative schools in the requirements of the regulat... More... MA Signed into law 10/2002 P-12 State and Local Policies on Student Overnight or Early Morning Travel H.B. 4937 Requires every local board to establish a policy concerning student travel that is planned to occur between the hours of midnight and 6 A.M.... More... OR Adopted 10/2002 Postsec. Code of Student Conduct OAR 577-031-0131 thru 577-031-0148 Clarifies and expands certain areas through the use of a student-faculty committee, regarding the Code of Student Conduct and responsibiliti... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 Postsec. Auditing higher ed. institution's crime statistics A.B. 2533 Requires the State Auditor, by 1/1/2004, and every 3 years thereafter, to report the results of an audit of a sample of not less than 6 inst... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Parent Notification A.B. 2198 Authorizes a school principal, or his or her designee, to notify each pupil's parent or legal guardian and each school employee in writing o... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Rules for teachers convicted as sex offenders. S.B. 1656 Requires the Commission on Teachers Credentialing to deny the application of any applicant who is required to register as a sex offender. Re... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 School Bus Safety A.B. 2681 Relates to the requirement that school buses manufactured on or after January 1, 2002, and purchased or leased for use in California have a ... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Postsec. Community College Campus Sexual Assault A.B. 2583 Requires the governing board of each community college district, the Trustees of the California State University, Board of Directors, Hastin... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Reasons for Expulsion, Suspension A.B. 1901 Relates to those acts for which a pupil may be suspended from school or expelled including damage, theft or receipt of stolen school propert... More... MA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Crime of Communicating Terrorist Threats S.B. 2122 Establishes the crime of communicating terrorists threats; prohibits threats that cause evacuation of a school, school related event or scho... More... NY Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 School Speed Zones S.B. 5271 Provides for greater flexibility in the hours school speed zones are in effect and in the boundaries established for school speed zones.... More... AZ Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Background Checks and Fingerprinting of Charter School Staff S.B. 1008E Requires that upon the conviction of a person of an offense in this title or of any felony, if the person is teaching in a charter school, a... More... CA Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Cell Phone/Pager Ban Repealed--Local Boards to Establish Policies S.B. 1253 Repeals former ban on student possession of any electronic signaling device (pager or cell phone) on school grounds, while attending school-... More... CA To governor 08/2002 P-12 Rules for prohibiting certain individuals from being on campus. A.B. 2593 Provides that it is unlawful for a person who is not a student, officer, or employee to return to the campus after being directed to leave w... More... IL Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Conflict Resolution H.B. 1692 Provides that only a school board that adopts a policy to incorporate activities to address intergroup conflict must make information availa... More... IL Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Cellular Telecommunications Devices H.B. 3938 Rescinds former ban on student use or possession of of cellular radio telecommunication devices by a student while in a school or on school ... More... NJ Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Student's Disciplinary Records S.B. 256 Requires that student's disciplinary records be transferred to receiving district when student transfers districts. Specifies that written c... More... NJ Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Assault S.B. 1198 Upgrades simple assault to aggravated assault at a school or community sponsored youth sports event.... More... OK Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Discipline Task Force H.B. 1043 Creates the Task Force on Discipline in Schools to study and make recommendations on the issue.... More... CA Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 New Rules For School Safety Programs A.B. 2484 Amends existing law which requires school districts to expend funding for education to promote school safety and to reduce school site viole... More... CA Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 Sale of the Drug Soma A.B. 662 Authorizes a superintendent or the principal of a school in which a pupil is enrolled to suspend or recommend for expulsion a pupil who unla... More... CA Chaptered by Secretary of State. Chapter No. 07/2002 P-12 The Safety of Children in Child Care Programs A.B. 2555 Provides that if a contracted agency which provides child care and development service, places a person who has been convicted of specified ... More... CO Enacted 07/2002 Postsec. Concerning cooperation between higher education institutions and federal anti-terrorism efforts SB 113 Act requires higher education institutions to adopt guidelines to govern how they will provide information to the FBI, CIA, INS and Office o... More... FL Signed into law 07/2002 Postsec. Sexual predators and higher education institutions HB 841 Act defines terms "institution of higher education" and "change in enrollment of employment status" for purposes of the Florida Sexual Preda... More... IL Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 School Crisis Assistance Team H.B. 6038 Amends the School Code. Allows a school board to utilize volunteer personnel from a regional School Crisis Assistance Team to provide assist... More... AZ Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Student Records Release and Crime Reporting H.B. 2421 Provides that a school district may release pupil attendance, disciplinary and other educational records to a law enforcement agency, county... More... CO Signed into law 06/2002 Postsec. Anti-Terrorism Measures S.B. 113 Requires administrators at state-supported institutions of higher education to cooperate with and implement all anti-terrorism measures requ... More... CT Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Bullying and Recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance H.B. 5425 Requires local and regional boards to establish policies addressing bullying in the schools. Policies must include components set out in leg... More... CT Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Sexual Harassment by Coach H.B. 5722 Establishes as sexual assault in the second degree any incidence of sexual intercourse between a coach or a person who provides intensive, o... More... DE Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Safe Routes to Schools Program S.B. 353 Requires the department of transportation to establish and administer a "Safe Routes to School" program; requires the Department to make gra... More... IL Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 School Building Safety/Fire Inspections S.B. 1545 Allows for only one one-year extension to be granted a school to make improvements to bring buildings up to school building safety code stan... More... MI Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Students Convicted of Specific Crimes May Not Obtain Driver's License S.B. 645 Provides that certain minors who have been convicted of or who have received a juvenile disposition for making a false report of a crime inv... More... NJ Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Harassment & Bullying Policies A.B. 1874 Requires school districts to adopt harassment and bullying prevention policies.... More... NJ Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Disciplinary Records Transfer S.B. 256 Requires that student's disciplinary records be transferred to receiving district when student transfers districts.... More... NJ Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Athletic Codes of Conduct A.B. 446 Permits the establishment of athletic codes of conduct; requires sports violence management counseling prior to resuming attendance; require... More... OH Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Discharge of Firearms H.B. 442 Prohibits, in specified circumstances, the discharge of a firearm within 1,000 feet of a school building or of the school boundaries of any ... More... RI To governor 06/2002 Postsec. Registration of Sex Offenders H.B. 7924 This act requires the registration of convicted sex offenders who are enrolled at or employed by any institution of higher education. Takes ... More... SC Signed into law 06/2002 Postsec. Campus Safety H.B. 3309 Relates to registration of sex offenders; enacts the State Campus Sexual Assault Information Act which requires institutions of higher learn... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Interference with or Disruption of an Educational Institution S.B. 1067 Defines and classifies crime of "interference with or disruption of an educational institution;" requires local boards to adopt rules pursua... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Sex Offenders Residency S.B. 1202 Prohibits offender convicted of sexual conduct with or molestation of a minor under 15 and living under community supervision from living wi... More... CO Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Reporting by School Employees of Suspected Sex Offenses Against Children S.B. 187 Includes "unlawful sexual behavior" under definitions of "abuse" and "child abuse or neglect." Requires public and private school officials ... More... CT Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Sexual Abuse of Minors and Child Abuse and Teacher Records H.B. 5680 Lengthens statutes of limitations in cases of sexual abuse, sexual exploitation or sexual assault of a minor to 30 years from date of victim... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Safe Paths to Schools Program H.B. 1181 Establishes the Safe Paths to Schools Program in the Department of Transportation to consider the planning and construction of bicycle and p... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Education Code Re-Write: School Bus Inspections and Hazardous Walking Conditions S.B. 20E Changes requirement that school buses be inspected a minimum of once a month to requirement that they be inspected pursuant to state board r... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Education Code Re-Write: New Section on Student Conduct and Parental Involvement Goals S.B. 20E Establishes legislative intent that 1) every K-12 public school student attend school throughout the school year and comply with the school'... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Education Code Re-Write: Zero Tolerance Policies S.B. 20E According to legislative summary, "The possession of a firearm at school is included as grounds for required expulsion." In addition, "A sch... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Education Code Re-Write: Requirement to Report Student-on-Student Sexual Battery S.B. 20E Creates new section requiring instructional or administrative personnel who know of student-on-student-sexual battery to report the offense ... More... GA Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Student Conduct S.B. 291 Requires local boards to adopt policies prescribing and governing student conduct and safety rules on all public school buses. Requires poli... More... GA Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Visitor Check-In Required H.B. 161 Requires that anyone entering an elementary or secondary school who is not a student at such school, an employee of the school or school sys... More... GA Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 School Notification of Sex Offenders H.B. 1054 Requires the Georgia Bureau of Investigation to notify all elementary and secondary schools and the Office of School Readiness and the Depar... More... IA Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Residency Restrictions of Registered Sex Offenders S.B. 2197 Prohibits a registered sex offender from residing within 2,000 feet of a public or nonpublic school or child care facility. Also prohibits p... More... MD Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Hours at Which Baltimore Officers May Carry Firearms on School Property H.B. 529 Permits Baltimore City school police officer to carrying a firearm on property of assigned school any time before or after regular school ho... More... MD Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Pagers on School Property in Baltimore County H.B. 1010 Repeals a prohibition against the possession of portable pagers on public school property in Baltimore County. Specifies that pagers are now... More... MD Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Student Behavior Intervention Procedures and Task Force H.B. 569 Defines terms used in student behavior intervention, such as "behavior intervention plan," "exclusionary time out," "functional behavior ass... More... MN Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Information Sharing Between Schools and Law Enforcement Agencies H.B. 2618 Relates to data practices; regulates the dissemination of data between schools, law enforcement, and the juvenile justice system; requires p... More... NH Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Liability of Teachers S.B. 155 Allows the court to award attorneys' fees and costs to the prevailing parties when it finds that a frivolous action has been brought against... More... NY Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Defibrillators A.B. 10577, A.B. 8779 Relates to requiring school districts, boards of cooperative educational services, county vocational education and extension boards and char... More... SC Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Paging Devices H.B. 3623 Defines paging devices to include mobile telephones and requires school boards to adopt policies that address student possession of paging d... More... TN Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Postsec. Crimes Against Postsecondary Students S.B. 2678 Relates to the reporting of certain crime statistics by the bureau of investigation; includes statistics as crimes against the students of i... More... DE Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Community Notification of Sex Offenders H.B. 458 Requires a sex offender who is also a student attending school to notify the principal that the student is on the sex offender registry; req... More... FL Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Loitering in Public or Private School Safety Zone H.B. 1423 Prohibits certain persons from entering or loitering within a public or private school safety zone as defined in the act; provides a second ... More... KY Signed into law 04/2002 Postsec. Body Armor for security departments H.B. 338 Act amends law to include university safety and security departments in list of those to receive proceeds of firearm sales to buy body armor... More... KY Signed into law 04/2002 Postsec. Fire Prevention Fund H.B. 829 Creates the "Michael Minger fire prevention fund" with funds collected from civil fines; uses the funds to educate students and campus perso... More... KY Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Assault of School Employee or Volunteer S.B. 80 Renders third degree assault any incidence of recklessly, with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or intentionally causing or attempti... More... LA Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Traffic Control Devices S.B. 52A Requires traffic control devices at all public railroad grade crossings located within one-half mile of any elementary or secondary school; ... More... ME Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Removal of Students Who Threaten Harm H.B. 1474 Mandates that school boards include in the required district-wide student code of conduct policies regarding the removal from classrooms or ... More... NH Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Indoor Air Quality, Fire Safety H.B. 329 Establishes a committee to study indoor air quality and fire safety in public schools.... More... OK Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 School Bullying Prevention Act S.B. 992 The purpose of the School Bullying Prevention Act is to provide a comprehensive approach for the public schools of this state to create an e... More... VA Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 School Resource Officers S.B. 295 Defines a school resource officer as a trained certified law-enforcement officer hired by a local law-enforcement agency; provides law-enfor... More... VA Signed into law 04/2002 Postsec. Foreign Student Withdrawals H.B. 364 Directs the governing board of each public two or four year institutions of higher education to develop and implement a procedure for report... More... IA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 School Security and Emergency Preparedness Procedures H.B. 2151 Adds certain information concerning school security procedures or emergency preparedness to the list of public records kept confidential.... More... IA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Sex Offenders Employed/Studying at Postsecondary Institutions H.B. 2338 Requires sex offender to register as such within five days of moving into a county where an institution of higher education is located, if t... More... ID Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Hazing Prohibited at Schools H.B. 594 Amends existing law to prohibit students on or near schools from hazing any member, potential member or person pledged to be a member of a g... More... ID Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Student Voluntary Disclosure of Alcohol or Drug Use H.B. 548 Revises the procedure governing the response by school employees when a student makes a voluntary disclosure and when a student is reasonabl... More... MI Public Act No. 03/2002 P-12 Use of Technology to Disrupt Education Operations S.B. 942 Provides penalties for the use of the Internet or other electronic or telecommunication system or device to disrupt the functions of public ... More... MS Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Codes of Student Conduct S.B. 2209 Reenacts and amends section requiring local boards to provide a code of student conduct; specifies points which code of conduct must address... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 School Resource Officers H.B. 498, S.B. 295 Defines a school resource officer as a trained, certified law-enforcement officer hired by a local law-enforcement agency to provide securit... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Theft of Prescription Medicines H.B. 692 Adds theft or threatened theft of student prescription medications to those incidents required to be reported to school authorities, that, i... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Acts of Terrorism H.B. 46 Adds incidents involving acts of terrorism to those crises and events that must be addressed in the school crisis and emergency plan to be d... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Contacting Parents During a Crisis H.B. 886, S.B. 230 Directs the Virginia Center for School Safety, the Coordinator of Emergency Management, and the Board of Education to include, within the Mo... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Assault on Employees H.B. 427 Provides that any person who commits battery against any employee of any public or private elementary or secondary school engaged in the per... More... WA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Safety S.B. 6351 Relates to safety of school employees and students; defines threats of violence or harm; provides methods for disclosing student records reg... More... WA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Harassment, Bullying H.B. 1444 Relates to preventing harassment, intimidation, or bullying in schools; relates to the physical harm of a student or the students property; ... More... WV Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Zero Tolerance, Alternative Education S.B. 4 Defines terms; expands defined terms to include definitions for alternative education and dangerous student; sale of narcotics and possessio... More... ME Signed into law 02/2002 P-12 Childfind and Early Childhood Special Education Programs H.B. 1476 Establishes as major substantive rules sections establishing and maintaining a statewide network that ensures the provisions of childfind fo... More... VA Signed by Governor 02/2002 P-12 Acts of Terrorism H.B. 46 Adds incidents involving acts of terrorism to those crises and events that must be addressed in the school crisis and emergency plan to be d... More... CA Signed into law 01/2002 P-12 Omnibus Bill - School Safety Component A.B. 804 Establishes the School Safety and Violence Prevention Act. Program to be administered by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, who shal... More... School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Finance Special Education--Placement Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Standards Standards--Implementation State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions Student Achievement Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Technology Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban