ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2002 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2002. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
- Finance--Taxes/Revenues
MISigned into law 12/2002P-12Modifies state reimbursement to intermediate school districts in renaissance zones. http://www.mileg.org/documents/2001-2002/publicact/pdf/2002-PA-0745.pdf
Title: S.B. 1417
Source: StateNet

AZApproved by voters 11/2002P-12Directs earnings above the 2000-2001 level to be deposited in the classroom site fund for class size reduction, teacher raises, and other specified purposes; including interest on installment sales of state lands as expendable revenues; requiring fund transfers to pay school facilities revenue bond debt service; and including rent and installment sales interest in the amounts distributed to basic state aid to schools. (http://www.sosaz.com/election/2002/info/pubpamphlet/english/prop300.htm)
Title: Proposition 300
Source: Arizona Election Services

AZApproved by voters 11/2002P-12Directs governor to approve new tribal gaming compacts. 1% to 8% of tribes' gross income goes to the state to fund school district programs statewide for classroom size reduction, teacher salary increases, reading and dropout prevention and other non-education related items.
(http://www.sosaz.com/election/2002/info/pubpamphlet/english/prop202.htm)
Title: Proposition 202
Source: Arizona Election Services

GAApproved by voters 11/2002P-12(2001, HB 299) Relates to homestead exemptions from school district ad valorem taxation for educational purposes for residents who are 62 years of age or older; changes the income limitation provisions of such exemption.
Title: STATEWIDE REFERENDUM A
Source: Georgia Secretary of State Web site

MORejected by voters 11/2002P-12Imposes an additional tax per cigarette and other tobacco products, with the new revenues placed into a Healthy Families Trust Fund to be used for hospital trauma care and emergency preparedness; health care treatment and access; prescription drug assistance for seniors; health care initiatives for low income citizens, women, minorities and children; medical research and smoking prevention; and grants for early childhood care and education.
Title: Proposition A
Source: Missouri Secretary of State Web site

UTRejected by voters 11/2002P-12Initiative 1 changes Utah's regulatory and tax framework affecting the disposal and storage of radioactive waste. It provides stricter regulations, certain prohibitions, and new and increased fees and taxes. The initiative distributes 80 percent of all taxes on radioactive waste to education and 20 percent to an endowment to help alleviate homelessness and poverty.
Title: Citizen's Initiative 1
Source: Utah State Elections Office Web site

NYSigned into law 09/2002P-12Creates a special equalization formula for counties to apply to towns when determining county and school district tax apportionment which balances the local real property tax rate as calculated by the Town Assessor and the market value rate as applied by the State Office of real property services.
Title: S.B. 6221
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

NYSigned into law 08/2002P-12Authorizes the legislative body of any county which is a special assessing unit to grant partial abatement of the general county tax upon real property owned by a senior citizen qualified for the enhanced school tax relief exemption; provides such abatement shall apply to tax rolls completed in the years 2002 through 2015; provides such tax abatement shall apply to that part of the general county tax which is the result of an increase in county tax.
Title: S.B. 7532
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ORSigned into law 08/2002P-12Changes Education Endowment Fund to Educational Stability Fund; allows state treasurer to divert funds from and reduce funds in accounts in Education Stability Fund for purpose of making constitutionally required transfer of funds to State School Fund.
Title: H.B. 4052C
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ORSigned into law 08/2002P-12Creates a Revenue Options, School Funding and Accountability Task Force and a an Advisory Council; directs the task force and council to study revenue, taxation and school funding options. The purpose of the task force is to evaluate and prepare legislative options that would lessen Oregon's dependence on income taxes as the predominant source of state revenue. The task force shall: (a) Examine alternative tax reform proposals to develop a more stable tax system; (b) Evaluate the current property tax system; (c) Develop proposals for long-term, stable revenue sources to support kindergarten through grade 12 education; and (d) Evaluate school finance and accountability alternatives for the management of costs related to education funding. http://pub.das.state.or.us/LEG_BILLS/PDFSpec/EHB4063.pdf
Title: H.B. 4063C
Source: http://www.leg.state.or.us/bills_pdf.htm

MDSigned into law 07/2002P-12Establishes tobacco tax as well as special fund to dedicate tobacco tax revenues for education funding. Monies are to 1) provide unrestricted grants to districts; 2) assist local lead agencies and Baltimore City under the Maryland Infants and Toddlers Program; and 3) provide funding for adult education and literacy services. http://mlis.state.md.us/2002rs/bills/sb/sb0856e.rtf
Title: S.B. 856
Source: mlis.state.md.us

AZBecame law without governor's signature 06/2002P-12Specifies that when districts that wish to form a joint technological education district submit question to electors of each school district, question must describe the tax rate associated with joining the joint district and the estimated cost of that tax rate for the owner of a single-family home valued at $100,000. Specifies that when district seeks to join a joint district, question submitted to electors of district seeking to become part of joint district must describe the tax rate associated with joining the joint district and the estimated cost of that tax rate for the owner of a single-family home valued at $100,000. http://www.azleg.state.az.us/legtext/45leg/2r/bills/hb2710c.htm
Title: Omnibus--H.B. 2710
Source:

COSigned into law 06/2002P-12Amends the Public School Finance Act of 1994 to comply with section 17 of article IX of the state constitution, requires the general assembly to appropriate an amount for the 2002-03 state fiscal year equal to the maintenance of effort base plus an amount equal to at least 7.39% of the maintenance of effort base. For the 2002-03 budget year and budget years thereafter, modifies a district's total program to be the greater of: (District per pupil funding X (District funded pupil count - District on-line pupil enrollment)) + District at-risk funding + District on-line funding; or $5,435 X District funded pupil count. Increases statewide base per pupil funding by 5.7% to account for inflation plus an additional one percentage point. Increases the available state preschool program slots; specifies a number of slots for all day Kindergarten within said preschool slots; eliminates authority for seeking a ballot question wanting to collect and spend additional property tax revenue; allows charter schools to provide on-line programs; specifies amount spent on school districts based on pupil count.

Eliminates the authority for a school district to submit a ballot question seeking authorization to collect and spend additional property tax revenue to provide a supplemental cost of living adjustment for the district. Modifies the limitation on districts' property tax override to include an amount equal to the maximum dollar amount of property tax revenue a school district could have generated for the 2001-02 budget year if it submitted and received approval of such a ballot question at the November 2001 election.
Title: H.B. 1349
Source: http://www.state.co.us/gov_dir/stateleg.html

ILSigned into law 06/2002P-12Amends the Cigarette Tax and the Cigarette Use Tax; increases the tax from 58 cents per pack of cigarettes to 98 cents per pack; provides for payment of $5 million per month into the School Infrastructure Funding beginning April 1, 2003. http://www.isbe.net/gov-relations/materials/2002/02-8-28-ACTIVE%20BILLS-Legis-Sch.pdf
Title: H.B. 539
Source: Illinois State Board of Education Web site

LASigned into law 06/2002P-12Revises the individual income tax credit for child care expenses and educational costs.
Title: H.B. 238
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MOSigned by governor 06/2002P-12Adds a definition of "district equalized assessed valuation" to the definitions that are used in interpreting the state school funding formula. The definition averages a district's assessed valuation from the first and secon preceding years. Also revises guaranteed tax bas to encompass the average of the 3rd and 4th preceding years, instead of basing the amount on only the 3rd preceding year, as in prior law. Permits a school district that has a delinquent single taxpayer to apply to the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education to deduct the taxpayer's assessed valuation from its formula calculation.
Title: H.B. 1711
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MOSigned into law 06/2002P-12Additional revenue from miscellaneous tax revenues (e.g. unclaimed, abandoned and seized money and property) will go to the Schools of the Future Fund. Transfers $5 million from the Lottery Proceeds Fund and unclaimed lottery prize money for FY 2003 to the Schools of the Future Fund.
Title: S.B. 1248
Source: Summaries of Truly Agreed to and Finally Passed Bills 2002

SCSENATE override line item veto Nos. 2. 06/2002P-12
Postsec.
Requires funding equal to 1994-95 appropriation to be appropriated to the state department annually to offset any reduction suffered by districts due to a change in the distribution of employee contribution funds. Provides that in the event of an EIA revenue shortfall, lapsed funds remaining after EIA purposes must be distributed to districts for funding buildings and exempts EIA appropriations for teacher salaries and benefits from reductions to offset an official EIA revenue shortfall. Requires state board to establish a task force comprised of superintendents, principals, teachers, parents, school board members, and representatives of business and industry, including tourism-related industries no later than July 1, 2002. This task force to the extent possible is to be equally divided among proponents of existing or earlier starting dates for schools, proponents of later starting dates for schools, including proponents for dates after Labor Day, and persons who legitimately have no preferences. Also requires districts to provide advanced placement courses in all secondary schools which enroll an adequate number of academically talented students to support the course. Part II concerns public higher education: Each four-year campus of each state-supported public institution of higher learning must have equal representation on all formal and informal councils, advisory groups, committees, and task forces of the commission. Independent four-year colleges must have representation on all formal and informal committees and commissions dealing with higher education statewide issues. Also addresses instate tuition for certain students. Beginning with school year 2002-2003, the annual amount of a LIFE Scholarship for eligible resident students attending a four-year independent institution must be the cost of attendance up to a maximum of the average annual cost of tuition at the state's four-year public institutions of higher learning in the corresponding academic year. In addition, beginning with school year 2002-2003, eligible resident students attending two-year independent institutions may not receive an annual LIFE scholarship of more than the maximum cost of tuition at two-year regional public institutions for thirty credit hours a year or its equivalent."
Title: H.B. 4879
Source: http://www.ecs.org/html/offsite.asp?document=http://www.scstatehouse.net/

TNBecame law without GOVERNOR'S signature. 06/2002P-12Directs the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations to study the overall effect on local public education when property taxes or in lieu of tax payments earmarked for education are abated or reduced and whether the effect on local public education is offset by enhanced economic development.
Title: H.B. 2672
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

FLSigned into law 05/2002P-12In funds for student transportation, shifts rule authority from commissioner to state board (see bill section 660, page 1239, line 8 ff); permits local boards to establish resolution that can include a convenant to decrease the capital local school property tax levied (see bill section 664, page 1251, line 4 ff); establishes new section for Florida Academic Improvement Trust Fund, which institutes a public schools matching grants program (see section 670, page 1258, line 1 ff): http://www.leg.state.fl.us/data/session/2002E/Senate/bills/billtext/pdf/s0020Eer.pdf
Title: S.B. 20E
Source: http://www.leg.state.fl.us

IASigned into law 05/2002P-12Provides for the establishment of the state 2 percent of growth for purposes of the state school foundation program.
Title: S.B. 2328
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MDSigned into law 05/2002P-12Establishes a Commission on State's Fiscal Structure; requires the Commission to review and evaluate the State's budget and tax structure; requires the Commission to make recommendations on changes to the State budget process and the State tax structure; relates to funding for education, transportation, and health care; provides for a study of income, sales, property, excise, and business taxes.
Title: H.B. 1
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MDSigned into law 05/2002P-12Establishes sales and use tax on telecommunications service in Prince George's County. Net proceeds from the revenue must be used only as supplemental funds for the operation of the Prince George's County School System. The board must consider using such funds for the provision of a program for at-risk or low-performing students in grades 6-12 that meets specified criteria; and a Spanish language immersion program for at least 450 pupils in grades K-5. http://mlis.state.md.us/2002rs/bills/hb/hb0949e.rtf
Title: H.B. 949
Source: mlis.state.md.us

MDSigned into law 05/2002P-12Requires that county board financial audit results be reported to state superintendent, county fiscal authority, and specified house and senate committees. Requries Management Oversight Panel to monitor implementation of audits' recommendations and coordination office to support Management Oversight Panel until the state superintendent determines that all the audits' recommendations have been addressed. Modifies the basic current expense formula to create a new foundation program for state education funding; creates a compensatory education funding program; creates a funding program for students with limited English; creates a special education funding program; establishes guaranteed tax base program. Extends funding for public school construction projects in Prince George's County and Baltimore City from 2003 to 2004. Establishes Task Force to Study Public School Facilities; requires task force to study specified issues in the realms of school construction. Terminates task force on December 31, 2002. Provides unrestricted grants of specified amounts in FY 03 to county boards. Requires Prince George's County Board to develop and submit comprehensive master plan and Superintendent to approve master plan before it receives its unrestricted grant. http://mlis.state.md.us/2002rs/bills/sb/sb0856e.rtf
Title: S.B. 856
Source: mlis.state.md.us

ALSigned into law 04/2002P-12Proposes an amendment to the Constitution of Alabama; levies additional taxes, either an additional ad valorem tax or an additional ad valorem tax and an additional sales and use tax, in Barbour County for public schools or for the county general fund, or both; provides for a referendum to provide choices of the tax or taxes to be levied.http://alisdb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2002rs/bills/hb645.htm
Title: H.B. 645
Source: alisdb.legislature.state.al.us

IASigned into law 04/2002P-12
Postsec.
Updates the Iowa Code references to the Internal Revenue Code, repealing an adjustment to net income for capital gains from installment sales; relates to an adjustment to income for school district income surtax paid; provides that refunds from the federal rebate are not taxable; makes provisions regarding reciprocal agreements with other states; relates to basic research tax credits; makes provisions for innocent spouse.
Title: H.B. 2116
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MESigned into law 04/2002P-12Establishes a tax credit for individuals or corporations that provide a contribution that promotes the postsecondary educational attainment of State residents or that promotes the migration of college-educated persons to work in the State.
Title: H.B. 1655
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MISigned into law 04/2002P-12Amends a section of the Revised School Code relating to a school district's bond authority to fund a deficit.
Title: H.B. 5415
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ALSigned into law 03/2002P-12Authorizes the governing body of the City of Cullman to increase the rate at which there is levied and collected by the city, on all taxable property situated within Cullman, the special ad valorem tax for the support and furtherance of education.http://alisdb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2002rs/bills/hb440.htm
Title: H.B. 440
Source: alisdb.legislature.state.al.us/

IDSigned into law 03/2002P-12Amends existing law to authorize the pledge of state sales tax moneys for payment of refunding school bonds issued on and after March 1, 1999, for voter approved bonds which were voted upon by the electorate prior to March 1, 1999.
Title: S.B. 1424
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

IDSigned into law 03/2002P-12Provides that for school districts, beginning 1/1/02, only the portion of property tax replacement received to replace property exempt from taxation pursuant to specified Idaho Codes, base on the year 2000 tax charges for all maintenance and operation, limited as specified, on property exempt from taxation pursuant to specified Idaho Code, shall not be subtracted from maximum school district maintenance and operation property taxes.
Title: H.B. 680
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MISigned into law 03/2002P-12Makes a technical amendment to the Revised School Code relating to a school district's annual estimates for taxes needed for such district's needs for the ensuing fiscal year.
Title: H.B. 5412
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MISigned into law 03/2002P-12Makes a technical amendment to the provision of law relating to the expenditure of tax monies by schools under the Revised School Code.
Title: H.B. 5410
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MIPublic Act No. 03/2002P-12Amends a section of the Revised School Code relating to the money raised from taxes by a school district to pay for discharging the principal and interest of an indebtedness.
Title: H.B. 5417
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

MSSigned into law 03/2002P-12Relates to oil and gas severance taxes; clarify deposit of state's share of revenues into the Budget Contingency Fund and the Minimum Education Program Fund.
Title: S.B. 2389
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

WASigned into law 03/2002P-12Modifies and studies the local effort assistance program; provides that the purpose of the funds is to mitigate the effect that above average property tax rates might have on the ability of a school district to supplement the state's basic program of education.
Title: H.B. 3011
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ALSigned into law 02/2002P-12Authorizes the governing body of the City of Athens to increase the rate at which there is levied and collected, on all taxable property situated, the ad valorem tax, to a maximum rate, for any tax year of the City; increases the amount to be used for public schools. purposes.http://alisdb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/searchableinstruments/2002rs/bills/hb339.htm
Title: H.B. 339
Source: alisdb.legislature.state.al.us

SDSigned into law 02/2002P-12Allows school board to initiate a vote relating to the imposition of an excess tax levy; declares an emergency.
Title: S.B. 89
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

SDSigned into law 02/2002P-12Allows school boards to initiate a vote relating to the imposition of an excess tax levy with the use of a resolution.
Title: H.B. 1112
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban