ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2003 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2003. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
- Special Education
ARRule Adoption 11/2003P-12Identifying special education children
ADE 154
Establishes rules for identifying private school children with disabilities that are consistent with federal regulations. http://www.sosweb....

More...
ARRule Adoption 11/2003P-12IDEA Mediation/Hearings
ADE 155
Establishes rules regarding IDEA mediation and hearings; extends time period for filing grievance; complies with findings and decision of Bi...

More...
ILBill dead - amendatory veto 11/2003P-12Special Educational Funding
H.B. 1180
Amends the School Code. Relates to provisions concerning the special educational services block grant for a school district having a populat...

More...
ILTotal VEto stands 11/2003P-12Children with Disabilities Reimbursement
S.B. 192
Amends the Children with Disabilities Article of the School Code. Provides administrative expenses incurred by a responsible school district...

More...
ILTotal Veto stands 11/2003P-12Special Education
S.B. 191
Provides that if a child who was eligible to receive special education services while in an orphanage, foster family home, children's child ...

More...
NDRule Adoption 11/2003P-12Credential Standards
NDAC 67-11-16-03
Establishes rules regarding credential standards. Addresses an applicant for a special education strategist credential must meet the standar...

More...
CAVetoed 10/2003P-12Special Education: Alternative Dispute Resolution
S.B. 636
Requires the state department of education to establish and administer a statewide program of grant funding to support special education loc...

More...
CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Special Education Instructional Materials
S.B. 842
Requires publishers to make basic instructional materials more accessible to pupils with disabilities. Requires publishers to facilitate acc...

More...
CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Special Education High School Exit Examination
S.B. 964
Requires the superintendent of public instruction to develop a request for a proposal for an independent consultant to assess options and pr...

More...
CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Hiring Preference for Teachers of Deaf Pupils
A.B. 1017
Sets forth criteria for hiring an individual as a certificated employee to instruct deaf pupils at the California School for the Deaf. Estab...

More...
CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Special Education
A.B. 1337
Relates to special education. Prohibits a hearing officer from rendering a decision resulting in the placement or reimbursement for the plac...

More...
LAEmergency Rule Adoption 10/2003P-12Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment
LAC 50:XV.Chapter 81
Establishes emergency rules concerning early and periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment program early intervention services for infants...

More...
CASigned into law 09/2003P-12Special Education Due Process Rights
S.B. 145
Requires if a public education agency observed the pupil in conducting a special education assessment, or if its assessment procedures make ...

More...
CASigned into law 09/2003P-12Special Education: Individualized Education
S.B. 464
Requires a school district, special education local plan area, or county office of education to invite to the individualized education progr...

More...
CASigned into law 09/2003P-12Special Education: Skilled Nursing Facilities
A.B. 1649
Extends the requirement that the superintendent of public instruction appropriate moneys to a school district and county superintendent to f...

More...
CASigned into law 09/2003P-12Expulsions; Graduation Requirements; Special Education
A.B. 300
Revises the review day for expulsions; Provides that if a pupil completes algebra coursework in grades 7 or 8, the pupil is not exempt for t...

More...
CASigned into law 08/2003P-12Advisory Commission on Special Education
A.B. 615
Existing law requires the state board of education, upon recommendation of the superintendent of public instruction or the members of the st...

More...
CTSigned into law 08/2003P-12Special Education Funding and Evaluation or Consent; Regional Education Center Funding
H.B. 6806
Concerns the general budget and revenue implementation; makes provisions regarding funding for children requiring special education; amends ...

More...
DESigned into law 08/2003P-12Students with Traumatic Brain Injury
S.B. 105
Relates to students with traumatic brain injury (TBI); creates a distinct student disability classification of traumatic brain injury for st...

More...
OHSigned into law 08/2003P-12Promotion Provisions
H.B. 3 -- Third Grade Reading Guarantee
This section specififes that the following options available to districts under the third grad reading guarantee for students who receive a ...

More...
ORSigned into law 08/2003P-12High Cost Disabilities Account
S.B. 550
Creates High Cost Disabilities Account within State School Fund; directs Department of Education to distribute moneys in account to school d...

More...
ALEmergency Rule Adoption 07/2003P-12Public Education for Children with Disabilities
AAC 290-8-9-.10 (8) (9) ER 74
Establishes rules regarding the development and implementation of procedures to ensure children with disabilities are provided with a free a...

More...
ILSigned into law 07/2003P-12Autism Diagnosis Education Program
H.B. 1809
Amends the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Administration Act to require the Department of Human Services to contract for autis...

More...
ILSigned into law 07/2003P-12Children With Disabilities
S.B. 566
Amends the School Code. Makes provisions regarding the State Board of Education's rules to determine the eligibility of children to receive ...

More...
MERule Adoption 07/2003P-12Parental Consent
05-071-101
Amends conditions for funding approval for Special Education Programs. Provides a school district will no longer be able to override a paren...

More...
NHSigned into law 07/2003P-12Special Education Payments and Ages
S.B. 85
Makes certain revisions to the special education laws; revises procedures for disbursement of catastrophic aid payments to school districts;...

More...
NYSigned into law 07/2003P-12Community District Education Council
S.B. 5688
Establishes the community district education council within the New York city community school district system; establishes a community coun...

More...
NYSigned into law 07/2003P-12School Bus Attendants Training
S.B. 5620
Requires school bus attendants to receive training relating to the special needs of pupils with a handicapping condition; provides that in a...

More...
RITo governor 07/2003P-12Visually Impaired Children
H.B. 5056
Creates a special House commission to promote and develop a comprehensive system of education for visually impaired children....

More...
CTSigned into law 06/2003P-12Special Education Services
H.B. 6391
Acknowledges and address special education needs of children in the juvenile justice system. http://www.cga.state.ct.us/asp/cgabillstatus/cg...

More...
CTSigned into law 06/2003P-12No Child Left Behind Act
S.B. 1155
Requires testing in compliance with the No Child Left Behind Act; states an elementary teaching endorsement is valid for kindergarten to gra...

More...
GAAdopted 06/2003P-12Personnel, Facilities, Equipment and Class Size
GAC 160-4-7-.11
Defined guidelines related to the required standard credential for all related service personnel providing educational interpreting for stud...

More...
GAAdopted 06/2003P-12IDEA Procedural Safeguards/Parents' Rights
GAC 160-4-7-.05
Establishes IDEA procedural safeguards and parents' rights. Removes language that allows local school systems to initiate a due process hear...

More...
MESigned into law 06/2003P-12Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children
S.P. 193 (LD 553)
Establishes a task force to study the needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing children and adolescents. Establishes membership of task force, appo...

More...
MESigned into law 06/2003P-12Student with Emotional Disability Eligible for Special Education Services
S.P. 538 (LD 1577) (omnibus bill)
Includes "emotional disability" as disability rendering a student an exceptional student eligible for special education services.
http://www...

More...
MESigned into law 06/2003P-12Education Definitions and Programs
S.P. 538
This bill does the following:
1. It adds "emotional disability" to the definition of "exceptional student" in the Maine Revised Statutes, Ti...

More...
MOSigned into law 06/2003P-12Special Education Services
H.B. 655
Provides that special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the regular educational environment s...

More...
NVSigned into law 06/2003P-12
Postsec.
Legislative Committee on Persons with Disabilities
S.B. 137
Establishes the Legislative Committee on Persons with Disabilities; requiring the Department of Human Resources to submit certain reports to...

More...
NYEmergency Rule Adoption 06/2003P-12Parental Consent for Special Education Services
NYCRR 8 200.5
Implements regulations by repealing the requirement that a school district initiate an impartial hearing when a parent does not provide cons...

More...
NYAdopted 06/2003P-12Special Education Space Requirements Plans
NYCRR Title 8 155.1, 155.2, 155.12, 155.15, 200.2
Amends rules concerning appropriate long-term education space for students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment. NEW YORK ...

More...
TXSigned into law 06/2003P-12Special Education Services
H.B. 1339
Currently, Texas law requires a full individual and initial evaluation of a student for purposes of special education services to be complet...

More...
TXSigned into law 06/2003P-12Students with Dyslexia or a Related Disorder
H.B. 1691
Under current law, a school district is entitled to compensatory education funding to provide services to students who are educationally dis...

More...
TXSigned into law 06/2003P-12Special Education Students
H.B. 1441

Relating to school districts that place an excessive number of students in certain special education instructional arrangements. Requires t...

More...
COSigned into law 05/2003P-12School for the Deaf and Blind
S.B. 53
Concerns operations of the Colorado school for the deaf and blind; provides for a school governing board consisting of seven members appoint...

More...
COSigned into law 05/2003P-12Juvenile Adjudication Proceedings
H.B. 1025
Allows the court to order a student with an individual education program to comply with this program as a condition of probation. The court ...

More...
GASigned into law 05/2003P-12Assessment, Maximum Class size, Instruction, Revenue
S.B. 249
Revises provisions relating to payment of fees for advanced placement tests; revises provision relating to the release of certain test quest...

More...
MDSigned into law 05/2003P-12Maryland School for the Blind
H.B. 948
Requires each county board of education to annually pay to the Maryland School for the Blind an amount equal to the local share of the basic...

More...
MDRule Adoption 05/2003P-12Provision of a Free Appropriate Public Education
COMAR 13A.05.01.13 thru .16; 13A.05.02.04, .05, .13; 13A.08.04.01 thru .06
Ensures State Regulations are in conformance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Implements standards for student b...

More...
MESigned into law 05/2003P-12Baxter Compensation Program
S.P. 263 (LP 768)
Concerns the Baxter Compensation Program; addresses confidentiality of claimants and families of victims of abuse at Baxter School for the D...

More...
TNSigned into law 05/2003P-12Special Education Caseload and Class Size Standards
S.J.R. 238
Requires the State Board of Education to submit a preliminary report prior to February 1, 2004, to apprise the Select Oversight
Committee on...

More...
TXRule Adoption 05/2003P-12Basic Education
37 TAC 91.43
Amends rules concerning basic education. Establishes that the individual case plan developed for each youth address special education or Eng...

More...
TXSigned into law 05/2003P-12Students Receiving Special Education Services
H.B. 2823
H.B. 2823 delegates the responsibility of ensuring compliance with federal transition-related requirements to the commissioner of education....

More...
VTSigned into law 05/2003P-12Education Law
H.B. 477
This act assigns duties appropriately carried out by staff and which are currently assigned to a supervisory union board to the superintende...

More...
WASigned into law 05/2003P-12Quality And Availability Of Education
S.B. 5105
Ensures the quality and availability of educational interpreters for deaf and hearing impaired students; requires the state board of educati...

More...
ARSigned into law 04/2003P-12Filing Grievances
H.B. 2712
Extends the period of time for filing grievances under the individuals with disabilities education act from 30 days to 3 years. http://www.a...

More...
FLSigned into law 04/2003P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Special Education Students
H.B. 1739
Deletes requirement that the high school life management skills course be taken at specific grade levels; requires certain test accommodatio...

More...
MTSigned into law 04/2003P-12Special Education Definitions
S.B. 76
Eliminates certain special education definitions to conform to the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. http://data.opi.stat...

More...
NMSigned into law 04/2003P-12
Postsec.
Accessible Electronic Formats
H.B. 708
Relates to education; provides for accessible electronic formats for individuals with disabilities enrolled in distance learning courses of ...

More...
NMSigned into law 04/2003P-12Braille Access Act
S.B. 301
Enacts the Braille Act. Requires publishers that print instructional materials for students attending educational institutions to provide, u...

More...
KYSigned into law 03/2003Postsec.Postsecondary Education Materials for Disabled
S.B. 85
Requires publishers to provide printed and nonprinted postsecondary instructional materials in an electronic format at no cost to a postseco...

More...
MSSigned into law 03/2003P-12Appeal of Hearing Officer's Decision
H.B. 662
Relates to special education students. When any public agency directly responsible for the education of children with disabilities initiates...

More...
MTSigned into law 03/2003P-12Board to Pay If Student with IEP Enrolls at Private, Nonsectarian Day-Treatment Program
H.B. 135
Authorizes a school district to use its tuition fund to pay the costs for a resident student who enrolls in a day-treatment program under an...

More...
MTSigned into law 03/2003P-12Deaf and Blind Schools Spending Reductions Barred
H.B. 60
Exempts the Montana school for the deaf and blind from spending reductions. http://data.opi.state.mt.us/bills/2003/billhtml/HB0060.htm...

More...
MTSigned into law 03/2003P-12Tracking Sensory Impaired Children
S.B. 42
Requires the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind to establish a system for tracking intervention services received by hearing and visually...

More...
MTSigned into law 03/2003P-12School for Deaf and Blind Fees
S.B. 43
Changes the fee for services collected from a public school or other responsible agency by the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind from a ...

More...
MTSigned into law 03/2003P-12Montana School for the Deaf and Blind
S.B. 41
Changes the designation of the Montana School for the Deaf and Blind from an independent institution to a state-sponsored special school. ht...

More...
NDSigned into law 03/2003P-12Incarcerated Students with Disabilities
H.B. 1080
Definition of a student with disabilities includes a student aged 18 through 21 who is incarcerated in an adult correctional facility and wh...

More...
TXRule Adoption 03/2003P-12Multi-problem Children & Youth
37 TAC 349.69 thru 349.72
Proposes rules concerning Memoranda of Understanding, with regard to coordinated services for multi-problem children and youth and transitio...

More...
TXAdopted 03/2003P-12Educational Requirements for Persons Under 22 Years
40 TAC 19.1934
Amends rules relating to the educational requirements for persons under 22 years of age. Relates to the Memorandum of Understanding concerni...

More...
WYSigned into law 03/2003P-12Assessing Special Education Programs
H.B. 78
Part of this Act (21-2-202) establishes statewide guidelines for education staffing levels, to be used in assessing special education progra...

More...
MTSigned into law 02/2003P-12State or Local Education Employee May Be Surrogate Parent to Disabled Child
H.B. 153
Allows an employee of a State or local education agency that is not providing educational services to a child with a disability, to serve as...

More...
NYEmergency Rule Adoption 02/2003P-12Individualized Education Programs
8 NYCRR 200.2, 200.4, 200.16
Establishes emergency rules to ensure the continued compliance of the State and local educational agencies. Requires school districts to est...

More...
WYSigned into law 02/2003P-12Education of Children with Disabilities
S.B. 91
Relates to education of children with disabilities; authorizes program attendance beyond school age as specified. http://legisweb.state.wy.u...

More...
KYEmergency Rule Adoption 01/2003P-12Kentucky Early Intervention Program Coverage and Payment
911 KAR 2:200E
Establishes emergency rules pertaining to coverage and payment for Kentucky Early Intervention Program services. http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/...

More...
KYAdopted 01/2003P-12Coverage/Payment/Kentucky Early Intervention Program
911 KAR 2:200
Establishes rules regarding the provisions relating to early intervention services for which payment shall be made on behalf of eligible rec...

More...
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban--Governance