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From the ECS State Policy Database 2003 State Policies / Activities

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2003. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All." Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Vouchers Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Counseling/Guidance Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Demographics Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health NJ Signed into law 12/2003 P-12 Smoking on School Buses A.B. 3168 Prohibits smoking on school buses, even if students are not present; clarifies that the prohibition on smoking or carrying lighted tobacco on a bus or other public conveyance applies to school buses or other vehicle owned or contracted for by a public or nonpu... More... CA Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Pupil Screening: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus A.B. 766 Establishes a 3-year pilot program whereby any school district may participate in the program of pupil screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Specifies individuals who may perform and supervise the screenings and the procedures for the process, including, com... More... CA Vetoed 10/2003 P-12 Pupil Health: Vision Appraisal S.B. 606 Requires if a student vision appraisal is conducted in a public school, each pupil is to receive a notice and questionnaire regarding pupil vision, which he or she would be instructed to delivery to his or her parent or guardian. Sets forth the contents of the... More... CA Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Emergency Medical Services: Diabetes A.B. 942 Authorizes a school district, in the absence of a credentialed school nurse or other licensed nurse, to provide voluntary emergency medical training to school personnel to administer emergency medical assistance to pupils with diabetes suffering from severe hy... More... CA Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Fee Assessment on Instructional Materials S.B. 1058 Requires the department of education, prior to conducting a follow-up adoption of basic educational materials for use in kindergarten and grades 1 to 8, to notify all publishers and manufacturers known to produce basic instructional materials in a subject area... More... DE Rule Adoption 10/2003 P-12 Certification School Nurse 14 DAC 1580 Amends regulation 380 and moves it to regulation 1580, Certification School Nurse. Complies with changes in statute regarding licensure and certification of educators. Regulation was renumbered to reflect its movement to the Professional Standards Board portio... More... WI Signed into law 10/2003 Postsec. Meningococcal Disease Vaccinations A.B. 344 Requires college students to be informed about meningococcal disease and hepatitis B; requires colleges to maintain certain records about the vaccination status of students.... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 California Childhood Obesity Prevention Act S.B. 677 Makes certain restrictions of the sale of food items in school operative if funding is appropriated for certain nutritional purposes. Prohibits the sale of certain beverages to pupils in elementary, middle or junior high schools effective July 1, 2004. Exempts... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 Postsec. School Facilities: Maintenance and Repair A.B. 1124 Requires a priority for the use of maintenance funding under the Leroy F. Greene School Facilities Act of 1998 be to ensure that facilities, including, but not limited to, rest-room facilities for pupils, are functional and that they meet local hygiene standar... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 School District Governing Boards: Contracts S.B. 65 Prohibits the governing board of a school district from entering into or renewing any contract for the sale of carbonated beverages or non-nutritious beverages and certain non-nutritious food within the school district unless the board provides written notice ... More... NY Vetoed 09/2003 P-12 School Cafeteria Cooling Requirements S.B. 3445 Authorizes Commissioner of Labor to promulgate rules and regulations establishing air temperature, ventilation and filtration standards and cooling requirements for school cafeteria kitchens; provides applicable in cities of one million or more; provides that ... More... IL Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Health Screening S.B. 1081 Provides that a diabetes screening be included in the health examination of each school child, but that diabetes testing is not required. http://www.legis.state.il.us/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=093-0530... More... IL Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Community Service S.B. 372 Provides that community service may include participation in a high school or community blood drive or other blood recruitment campaign. Provides for development of units of instruction. Allows a school district to also teach students about blood donor and tra... More... IL Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Vision Examinations S.B. 805 Provides that parents are encouraged to have their children undergo vision examinations at the same points in time required for health examinations. Requires individuals conducting vision screening tests give a child's parent or guardian written notification, ... More... NC Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Tobacco Free Schools S.B. 583 Protects children in the public schools from exposure to tobacco by requiring local boards of education to adopt written policies prohibiting the use of tobacco products in public school buildings.... More... NC Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Administering Medication S.B. 226 Prohibits the administration of medication to a child in a licensed or unlicensed child care facility without proper authorization from the child's parent or guardian or a bona fide medical care provider. includes a child care facility operated by a public or ... More... WI Emergency Rule Adoption 08/2003 P-12 Postsec. Immunization of Students HFS 144 Establishes emergency rules relating to immunization of students. WISCONSIN REG 20282 (SN)... More... CT Signed into law 07/2003 P-12 Medical Care for Students H.B. 5931 Allows certain school staff members to use an automatic prefilled cartridge injector or similar automatic injectable equipment used to deliver epinephrine in a standard dose for emergency first aid response to allergic reactions on students, and provides prote... More... IL Signed into law 07/2003 P-12 Autism Diagnosis Education Program H.B. 1809 Amends the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Administration Act to require the Department of Human Services to contract for autism diagnosis education programs for medical practitioners, school personnel, day care providers, parents and community se... More... IL Signed into law 07/2003 P-12 Lead Poisoning Screening H.B. 207 Amends the Lead Poisoning Prevention Act. Provides that physicians, health care providers, advanced practice nurses and physician assistants may screen children for lead poisoning in conjunction with the school health exam when, in the physician's judgment, th... More... AL Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Asthma Medications in Schools H.B. 56 Provides for the self-administration of asthma medication by students attending public or nonpublic schools upon written parental and medical authorization; provides immunity for school personnel. http://alisdb.legislature.state.al.us/acas/ACASLogin.asp?SESSIO... More... CO Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Health Care Treatment for Students H.B. 1172 Requires school boards to adopt a policy prohibiting school personnel from recommending or requiring the use of a psychotropic drug by any student or to test or require a test for a child's behavior without the prior written permission from the parents or guar... More... DE Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 School Health Record Keeping Requirements/Screening 14 DAC 811, 815, 817 Establishes rules regarding school health record keeping requirements, physical examinations and screening, and administration of medications and treatments. http://www.state.de.us/research/AdminCode/Education/Education%20Administrative%20Code%20-%20800%20Heal... More... DE Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Lead Poisoning S.B. 74 Permits a student to enroll in kindergarten without the student first being screened for lead poisoning; requires that the student be screened within 60 calendar days of enrollment. http://www.legis.state.de.us/LIS/LIS142.NSF/c6fe685e20e98b2b882569a60053971e/d... More... ME Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Health Records S.P. 96 (LD 262) Requires that disciplinary, attendance and health records be included in the records that follow a student who transfers to another school either within or outside the state. http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/billtexts/LD026201-1.asp... More... MI Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Teacher Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation H.B. 4038 Requires course completion and certification in first aid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and foreign body airway obstruction management for new teacher certification. Provides exemption to any individual who provides state superintendent with satisfactory evid... More... MO Signed into law 06/2003 Postsec. Meningitis S.B. 686 (New Section) Beginning with the 2004-2005 school year and for each school year thereafter, requires every public institution of higher education in the state to require all students living in on-campus housing to sign a written waiver stating that the institution of higher... More... NC Signed into law 06/2003 Postsec. Meningitis and Hepatitis B Immunization H.B. 825 Requires any private or public institution that offers a postsecondary degree to provide meningococcal disease immunization information to students if the institution has a residential campus.... More... OR Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Recommending Medication S.B. 456 Prohibits public school personnel from recommending to a parent or guardian that a student seek a prescription for certain types of medication.... More... TN Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Maximum Weight Standards For School Textbooks S.B. 1664 Requires the state board o study and make recommendations concerning weight of textbooks used by pupils in elementary and secondary schools. The board must submit these recommendations to the general assembly on an annual basis. http://www.legislature.state.t... More... TN Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Mold Abatement H.B. 891 Creates task force to establish guidelines for mold abatement in public schools.... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Psychotropic Drugs H.B. 1406 Prohibits a school district employee from recommending psychiatric evaluation or the use of a psychotropic drug or suggesting a particular diagnosis for a student. The bill also prevents a school district employee from using the parent's refusal to consent to ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Obesity and Health Needs of Children S.B. 474 Establishes a joint interim committee composed of the following members: (1) the commissioner of education; (2) the commissioner of public health; (3) the commissioner of agriculture; (4) three members of the senate, appointed by the lieutenant governor; (... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Psychotropic Drugs H.B. 320 An employee of a school district may not use or threaten to use the refusal of a parent, guardian, or managing or possessory conservator of a child to administer or consent to the administration of a psychotropic drug to the child, or to consent to any other ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 School Nutrition S.C.R. 49 Requests the lieutenant governor and the speaker to create a joint interim committee to study issues related to nutrition among state public school children.... More... AR Became law without governor's signature 05/2003 P-12 A Health Advisory Committee H.B. 2893 Creates a Health Advisory Committee; coordinates efforts to combat inadequate health care on the educational performance of children. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/HB2893.pdf... More... IA Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Tobacco Settlement Trust Fund H.F. 685 Makes appropriation from the healthy Iowans tobacco trust and the tobacco settlement trust fund for various initiatives, including for a $400,000 grant to a program that utilizes high school mentors to teach life skills, violence prevention, and character educ... More... IN Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Immunization for Chicken Pox H.B. 1702 Requires a child who enters kindergarten or grade 1 to be immunized against chicken pox after a June 30, 2004. http://www.in.gov/serv/lsa_billinfo?year=2003&request=getBill&docno=1702... More... ME Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Cancer Causing Chemicals H.P. 158, 199 Prohibits the presence, use and storage on school and child care center property of chemicals known to cause cancer; requires the adoption of major substantive rules by the Commissioner of Education and the Commissioner of Human Services.... More... NE Signed into law 05/2003 Postsec. Vaccinations L.B. 513 Beginning with school year 2003-04, each postsecondary educational institution must provide to each newly enrolled student who will reside in oncampus housing and the student's parent or guardian: (a) Detailed information on the risks associated with the poten... More... NH Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Use of Asthma Inhalers H.B. 57 Relates to the use of inhalers by pupils and campers with asthma; permits students and campers with asthma to possess and self-administer asthma medications.... More... NH Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Epinephrine Auto Injectors H.B. 92 Relates to the use of epinephrine auto-injectors by pupils and campers with severe allergies; permits students and campers with severe, potentially life- threatening allergies to possess and self-administer auto- injections of epinephrine.... More... NV Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Tobacco Use in Schools S.B. 50 Relates to tobacco; authorizes school districts to adopt more stringent restrictions governing tobacco and products made from tobacco than restrictions imposed pursuant to state law under certain circumstances.... More... NY Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Duration of School Health Services S.B. 2662 Extends to 27 years the maximum duration of certain projects providing school health services for pre- school and school-age children.... More... OK Signed into law 05/2003 Postsec. Higher Education S.B. 787 Beginning with the 2004-2005 academic year, public or private postsecondary educational institutions shall provide detailed information on the risks associated with meningococcal disease and the risks and benefits of the vaccination as well as the availability... More... TN Signed into law 05/2003 Postsec. Vaccinations S.B. 185 Requires vaccinations for Meningococcal disease for post-secondary students who live in on-campus housing.... More... TN Signed into law 05/2003 Postsec. Vaccinations for Students S.B. 1733 Requires new incoming students at any public or private institution of higher learning to return a completed waiver form that indicates that the institution has provided detailed information to the student concerning the risk factors for hepatitis B infection ... More... TX Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 School Health Advisory Councils S.B. 1357 S.B. 1357 Requires the board of trustees of each school district to establish a local school health advisory council, rather than local school health education advisory council, to assist the district in ensuring that local community values are reflected in th... More... WA Vetoed 05/2003 Postsec. Immunizations H.B. 1827 Relates to provisions of meningococcal immunization information to first-time students by degree- granting postsecondary educational institutions.... More... WA Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Children's Mental Health H.B. 1784 Improves coordination of services for children's mental health; improves field-level cross-program collaboration and efficiency, the early periodic screening diagnosis and treatment plan to reflect the current mental health system structure and identifying and... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Religious Exemption to the School Immunization S.B. 434 Revises the Religious Exemption to the school immunization requirements; tracks children with exemptions. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/SB434.pdf... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Oral Health Instruction into Public School S.B. 811 Implements oral health instruction into public school curricula. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/SB811.pdf... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Child Health Advisory Committee H.B. 1583 Creates a Child Health Advisory Committee; coordinates statewide efforts to combat childhood obesity; provides for standards and policy recommendations of foods sold individually in school cafeterias but outside the regulated National School Lunch Program and ... More... CT Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Postsec. Immunization H.B. 6373 Allows institutions of higher education to save resources currently used to collect information that has already been collected by Connecticut high schools; relates to proof of immunization against measles and rubella.... More... MS Signed into law 04/2003 Postsec. Meningitis and Hepatitis Risk and Vaccinations H.B. 1087 Requires the state department of health to organize educational material on the risks of meningitis and hepatitis A and B and the availability and effectiveness of vaccines for these diseases. This educational material is to be provided to the board of truste... More... MT Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Diabetes Medication DispensationSAME AS: LC1066 H.B. 573 Allows a parent or guardian of a diabetic student to designate an adult to administer glucagon to the student, upon prior written approval submitted to the district. Releases school district and parent-designated adult from civil damages from administration o... More... NM Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Emergency Pilot Program to Assist Public School H.B. 528 Authorizes implementation of a pilot program to train and certify school medication aides to assist public school students with medication; amends the Nursing Practice Act.... More... OK Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Self Medication S.B. 343 Relates to schools; authorizes self-medication by a student of inhaled asthma medication; requires school districts to adopt policy for certain self- administration of medication; states required policy; requires parental authorization and a written statement ... More... AR Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Adequate Student Eye Health and Vision Care H.B. 1553 Establishes an Arkansas Commission for adequate eye health and vision care needs for school children. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/HB1553.pdf... More... AR Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Organ Donor Education S.B. 167 Provides for organ donor education in driver education courses and high school health classes; provides for leave for bone marrow or organ donation. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/SB167.pdf... More... KY Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Primary Care Centers In Schools H.B. 328 Authorizes a not-for-profit primary care center which is a participant in the State Patient Access and Care System of the Department for Medicaid Services, to enter into a written agreement with a board of education to provide a school-based health care progra... More... MS Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Student Self-Administration of Asthma Medications H.B. 1072 Permits public and private school students to self-administer asthma medications if certain requirements are met. http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2003/html/HB/1000-1099/HB1072SG.htm... More... MS Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Local School Health/Physical Education Advisory Councils S.B. 2339 Allows local boards to create a local school health/physical education advisory council to help the district implement health and physical education instruction. Lists areas in which local school health/physical education councils may make recommendations and ... More... MS Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Pregnancy Incentive Grant Fund H.B. 774 Extends repealer to December 31, 2005 on Mississippi Reducing Out of Wedlock Pregnancies Incentive Grant Fund that provides funds to counties for achieving reductions in out-of-wedlock births without increasing the number of abortions.http://billstatus.ls.stat... More... ND Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Childrens Inoculations S.B. 2289 Adds chickenpox to the list of required inoculations for home- schooled children, private schools, day care, child care facilities, head start programs and nursery schools. http://www.state.nd.us/lr/assembly/58-2003/bill_text/DBKK0200.pdf... More... NJ Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Ergonomics in Education Study S.B. 1495 Establishes the Ergonomics in Education Study Commission to study all issues associated with ergonomics in K-12 schools including instruction, materials, associated teacher training and facilities. . http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2002/Bills/S1500/1495_S2.PDF... More... NY Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Restrictions on Smoking on School Grounds S.B. 3292 Part of this bill prohibits all uses of tobacco products on school grounds.... More... VA Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Scoliosis Screening for Public School Students H.B. 1834 Directs school principals to implement a program of regular screening for scoliosis for pupils. Provides for parental notification.... More... NJ Signed into law 01/2003 P-12 Mandatory District School Breakfast Program Participation S.B. 1498 Provides for mandatory participation in a school breakfast program for schools in a local or regional school district with a certain percentage of students enrolled in the school for the previous year were eligible for free or reduced meals under the federal S... More... Health--Child Abuse Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Mentoring/Tutoring Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Child Care P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Religion Remediation (K-12) Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Standards Standards--Implementation State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching 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Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Technology Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Textbooks and Open Source Urban--Governance