ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2004 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2004. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
- Finance
MISigned into law 12/2004P-12Provides for the creation and operation of a cooperative bulk purchasing program for school districts, public school academies, nonpublic schools, and intermediate school districts on a fee basis to reduce the costs of purchasing goods and services by the Department of Management and Budget.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/mileg.asp?page=getObject&objName=2004-HB-5913
Title: H.B. 5913
Source: StateNet

MISigned into law 12/2004P-12Provides for inapplicability of school district requirements to obtain competitive bids for purchasing if the school district makes purchase through the cooperative bulk purchasing program through the Department of Management and Budget.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/mileg.asp?page=getObject&objName=2004-HB-5875
Title: H.B. 5875
Source: StateNet

MISigned into law 11/2004P-12Requires the Department of Treasury to conduct random financial audits of intermediate school districts.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/mileg.asp?page=getObject&objName=2004-HB-5457
Title: H.B. 5457
Source: StateNet

CAVetoed 09/2004P-12Permits a county committee on school district organization to abolish a common governing board of an elementary school district and a high school district upon a vote of the electors of the school districts. Provides that an election relating to a school district reorganization may be held solely by mail, with certain requirements, and that an election may not be called for a petition to transfer uninhabited territory. Provides procedures for a charter school affected by reorganization. Relates to school district bonds. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_2801-2850/ab_2841_bill_20040816_enrolled.html
Veto message: http://www.governor.ca.gov/govsite/pdf/vetoes/AB_2841_veto.pdf
Title: A.B. 2841
Source: California Legislative Web site

CASigned into law 09/2004P-12SEC. 1: Existing law requires the county superintendent of schools to report to the Superintendent of Public Instruction on the financial condition of a school district if the county superintendent determines a school district may be unable to meet its financial obligations for the current or 2 subsequent fiscal years or if a school district has a qualified or negative certification. Existing law requires the county superintendent to take at least one of certain actions and all actions that are necessary to ensure that the district meets its financial obligations.

This bill requires those possible actions to include assigning the Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team to review district teacher hiring practices, teacher retention rate, percentage of provision of highly qualified teachers, and the extent of teacher misassignment and
also to provide the district with recommendations to streamline and improve the teacher hiring process, teacher retention rate, extent of
teacher misassignment, and provision of highly qualified teachers. The bill requires a school district that is assigned this review to follow the recommendations made unless it shows good cause for failure to do so. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_3001-3050/ab_3001_bill_20040929_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 3001 (multiple provisions)
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

MISigned into law 09/2004P-12Provides school aid zero budget for fiscal year 2005. http://www.michiganlegislature.org/documents/2003-2004/publicact/pdf/2004-PA-0351.pdf
Title: S.B. 1069
Source: StateNet

MISigned into law 09/2004P-12Provides Department of Education zero budget for fiscal year 2005.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/documents/2003-2004/publicact/pdf/2004-PA-0346.pdf
Title: S.B. 1065
Source: StateNet

NYVetoed 09/2004P-12Provides for the funding of certain approved non- public special education programs and special act public school districts including making changes in the reimbursement methodology for tuition and maintenance and makes an appropriation therefor; allows such districts to retain a portion of annual budget for unexpected expenditures; makes numerous other related provisions. Allows such districts to retain up to 2.5% of annual budget for unexpected expenditures and makes numerous other related provisions; also authorizes a surplus factor of not more than two percent.
http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=s2917
Title: S.B. 2917
Source: StateNet

MISigned into law 07/2004P-12Increases the amount of funding for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, appropriated for the public school of the state from the General Fund. For the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, there is appropriated for the public schools of this state
and certain other state purposes relating to education the sum of $10,962,387,100.00 from the state school aid fund
established by section 11 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and the sum of $377,800,000.00 from the general
fund. In addition, available federal funds are appropriated for each of those fiscal years.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/documents/2003-2004/publicact/pdf/2004-PA-0185.pdf
Title: S.B. 1194
Source: StateNet

MTRule Adoption 07/2004P-12Establishes rules relating to school finance and transportation. MONTANA REG 4551 (SN)
Title: ARM 10.7.101,.109 thru .111,.115,.118;10.10.202,.309,.316, .320, .611, .614; 10.15.101; 10.20.102, .106; 10.21.101B thru .102E (non-seq),10.22.102 thru .30.403 (non-seq)
Source: WestLaw

AZSigned into law 06/2004P-12Removes the restriction on accommodation school districts located on a military base from issuing impact aid revenue bonds.  The district may hold an election to raise impact aid revenue bonds but may not issue the bonds until after the Federal Base Relocation and Closure Commission has affirmed that the base will remain open.  Additionally, the bill requires the Arizona Department of Education to put together a guidebook on the approved uses federal impact aid monies. http://www.azleg.state.az.us/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/46leg/2r/laws/0313.htm
Title: H.B. 2010
Source: Arizona Legislative Web site

HISigned into law 06/2004P-12Sets aside funds in federal impact aid for the establishment of a military liaison position within the department of education and to provide funding for the Joint Venture Education Program to facilitate interaction between the military community and the department of education.
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2004/bills/hb1908_cd1_.htm
Title: H.B. 1908
Source: Hawaii Legislative Web site

ILSigned into law 06/2004P-12Amends the School Code. Relates to the basis for apportionment of general State financial aid and supplemental State aid to the common schools; provides for school district claims. Provides that some school districts are not required to exert a minimum Operating Tax Rate in order to qualify for assistance. Relates to corporate personal property replacement taxes. Provides for children with disabilities below the age of six years. http://www.legis.state.il.us/legislation/publicacts/fulltext.asp?Name=093-0679
Title: S.B. 1553
Source: Illinois Legislative Web site

LASigned into law 06/2004Postsec.Creates the Louisiana State University National Champions and Southern University Black College National Champions prestige license plates. Each license issued shall be assessed a one-time $25 royalty fee, which monies must be used solely for academic or financial need-based scholarships for Louisiana State University and Southern University Black College. The management boards of the institutions shall be responsible for disbursing the funds and for establishing the scholarship program. http://www.legis.state.la.us/leg_docs/04RS/CVT8/OUT/0000LPIA.PDF
Title: H.B. 246
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

LASigned into law 06/2004P-12Provides relative to Education Excellence Fund amounts and related investment earnings credited to ineligible entities. Provides that fund
amounts and related investment earnings credited for a recipient entity shall revert to the fund whenever the entity no longer meets the conditions required for it to be eligible for fund allocations; to provide for an effective date; and to provide for related matters.

http://www.legis.state.la.us/leg_docs/04RS/CVT2/OUT/0000LUNG.PDF
Title: H.B. 666
Source: StateNet

AZSigned into law 05/2004P-12Allows school districts to use Impact Aid for teacher housing.
http://www.azleg.state.az.us/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/46leg/2r/laws/0209.htm
Title: H.B. 2475
Source: Arizona Legislative Web site

FLBecame law without governor's signature 05/2004P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Relates to education funding; requires school districts to establish certain policies and procedures regarding lottery fund enhancements; provides tax credit cap for contributions to nonprofit scholarship-funding organizations; prohibits use of funds for lab schools for certain overhead or indirect costs; redesignates specified community colleges as colleges; specifies maximum fee waiver percentage for school districts and community colleges; authorizes use of the Dale Hickam Excellent Teaching Program funds; requires reports regarding inmate education provided by community colleges; authorizes Florida State University to construct classroom building. http://www.flsenate.gov/cgi-bin/view_page.pl?Tab=session&Submenu=1&FT=D&File=hb1867er.html&Directory=session/2004/House/bills/billtext/html/
Title: H.B. 1867
Source: Florida Legislative Web site

KSSigned into law 05/2004P-12Requires a person or organization sponsoring a distinctive license plate to submit to the Division of Vehicles a nonrefundable amount not to exceed $10,000 to defray the division's cost for developing the distinctive license plate; discontinues issuance of distinctive license plates and educational institution license plates in quantities of fewer that 500 plates. http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2004/2947.pdf and http://www.kslegislature.org/supplemental/2004/SN2947.pdf and http://www.kslegislature.org/fiscalnotes/2004/2947.pdf
Title: H.B. 2947
Source: StateNet

MESigned into law 05/2004P-12The bill provides that by fiscal year 2009-10 the state share of kindergarten to grade 12 education funding, as described by essential programs and services, must be 55%. It also establishes a local cost share expectation for property tax years beginning on or after April 1, 2005. The Commissioner of Education shall annually notify each school administrative unit of its expectation. This expectation must decline over the period from fiscal year 2005-06 to fiscal year 2009-10. The expectation may not exceed 9.0 mills in fiscal year 2005-06. It may not exceed 8.0 mills in fiscal year 2009-10. The legislative body of a school administrative unit may not adopt a property tax rate that exceeds its mill expectation unless, in a vote separate from its adoption of the school budget, it votes to increase the property tax rate.

The bill also places transportation operating costs into the essential programs and services funding formula. It also states that special education costs will be included in essential programs and services starting in fiscal year 2005-06. Beginning in fiscal year 2004-05, the Department of Education will provide training in state-approved guidelines for identification of special education students. The bill also places early childhood education program costs and vocational education program costs into essential programs and services no later than fiscal year 2007-08.

Note Sec. 16:
Basis for funding costs of education from kindergarten to grade 12. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning in fiscal year 2005-06, funding of the costs of education from kindergarten to grade 12 must be based on the cost of providing essential programs and services as described in the Maine Revised Statutes, Title 20-A, chapter 606-B.

http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/ld_title.asp?ld=1924
Title: S.P. 761
Source: StateNet

MNTo governor 05/2004P-12Relates to education finance; provides for K-12 education; amends provisions regarding school safety patrol apparel, capital expenditures, pupil transportation, vocational instruction, special education, essential personnel, parents residing separately, property tax levy, academic standards, graduation requirements, prescription nonsyringe injectors of epinephrine, immunity from liability, teachers, nonpublic schools and charter schools.

http://www.revisor.leg.state.mn.us/slaws/2004/c294.html
Title: H.F. 1793
Source: StateNet

MSSigned into law 05/2004P-12Relates to an appropriation for the State Department of Education General Programs, Education Reform Act and Vocational Education.

http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2004/pdf/HB/1600-1699/HB1696SG.pdf
Title: H.B. 1696
Source: StateNet

MSSigned into law 05/2004P-12Relates to Adequate Education Program; deletes repealer on high growth school district formula.

If during the year for which adequate education program funds are appropriated, any school district experiences a three percent (3%) or greater increase in average daily attendance during the second and third month over the preceding year's second and third month and the school district has requested a minimum increase of four percent (4%) in local ad valorem revenues over the previous year as authorized in Sections 37-57-104 and 37-57-105, an additional allocation of adequate education program funds calculated in the following manner shall be granted to that district, using any additional funds available to the Department of Education that exceed the amount of funds due to the school districts under the basic adequate education program distribution as provided for in this chapter:

The State Department of Education shall study and develop a report to the Chairmen of the Senate and House Committees on Education by January 1, 2005, with options for legislative consideration that will insure that the Mississippi Adequate Education funds are distributed to school districts based on current year student attendance or enrollment. This subsection (4) shall stand repealed on July 1, 2006
Title: H.B. 741
Source: StateNet

KSSigned into law 04/2004P-12Regulates distinctive license plates; requires an organization sponsoring a distinctive license plate to submit a nonrefundable fee; creates the distinctive license plate fund to deposit the distinctive license plate application fees; discontinues issuance of distinctive license plates in small quantities; provides for issuance of educational institution license plates, firefighter license plates and the helping schools license plate. Bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2004/2143.pdf and supplemental note: http://www.kslegislature.org/supplemental/2004/SN2143.pdf
Title: H.B. 2143
Source: StateNet

MDSigned into law 04/2004P-12Requires the Superintendent and the Department of Education to monitor the financial status of each county board of education and report to the Governor and General Assembly on a biannual basis; requires local superintendents or chief executive officers of local school systems to file biannual reports and to make specified attestations; provides that if a local school system does not file a annual audit, the Superintendent is required to instruct the Comptroller to withhold 10% of state aid installments.
Title: S.B. 894
Source: StateNet

MSSigned into law 04/2004P-12Clarifies that all school districts – not just those school districts within a county – can make joint purchases of maintenance, operational and scholastic services, supplies, materials, and equipment.

http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2004/pdf/HB/0600-0699/HB0667SG.pdf
Title: H.B. 667
Source: StateNet

MSSigned into law 04/2004P-12Provides the State Auditor with authority to establish effective and efficient policies and procedures for auditing student attendance and data in local school districts. In particular, the State Auditor will have more flexibility regarding on-site audits and authority to establish specific policies and procedures to audit the processes, accuracy, validity and procedures used by local school districts to submit electronic student data and other data to the State Department of Education.

Reviews and audits shall be conducted with advance notice, except that unannounced audits may be made upon determination of the State Auditor based on complaints or valid concerns. In addition, examiners shall make every effort to work with school districts in scheduling audits in consideration of instructional activities such as statewide testing.

The State Board of Education shall include reporting standards for school districts as part of the accreditation process to include penalties within the accreditation system for adverse findings resulting from reviews or audits.

http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2004/pdf/HB/1200-1299/HB1251SG.pdf
Title: H.B. 1251
Source: StateNet

MITo HOUSE Committee on EDUCATION. 03/2004P-12Makes school aid requirements subject to a waiver under an educational flexibility and empowerment contract.

http://www.michiganlegislature.org/documents/2003-2004/billenrolled/house/pdf/2003-HNB-4724.pdf
Title: H.B. 4724
Source: http://www.michiganlegislature.org/documents/2003-2004/billenrolled/house/pdf/2003-HNB-4724.pdf

ARSigned into law 01/2004P-12Requires audit reports of school districts not conducted by legislative audit to be filed with the Department of Education by December 31 following the end of each fiscal year.http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003s2/public/HB1114.pdf
Title: H.B. 1114
Source: Arkansas Legislative Web site

MARule Adoption 01/2004P-12Amends rules relating to school finance regulations. Implements changes in the formula used to calculate special education reimbursements in the so-called circuit breaker program. Clarifies that payments and reimbursements for approved private school summer program placements will be made through the sending school district. MASSACHUSETTS REG 8229 (SN)
Title: 603 CMR 10.00
Source: StateNet

+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
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+ State Comparisons/Statistics
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+ State Policymaking
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+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ Student Achievement
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+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban