ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2005 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2005. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Counseling/Guidance
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Baccalaureate
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Remediation (K-12)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
- School Safety
CASigned into law 09/2005Postsec.Campus Safety and Sexual Violence
H.B. 1088
An act to add Section 67385.7 to the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. The bill requires the governing board of each community college district and the Trustees of the California State University, and request the Regents of the Univer...

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CAVetoed 09/2005P-12False Accusation of Sexual Assault
A.B. 605
An act to amend Section 48900 of the Education Code, relating to pupil rights. Authorizes a principal or superintendent to suspend a student who knowingly made a false accusation to a school employee that another school employee has committed or attempted to c...

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ILSigned into law 08/2005P-12Safety Drills
H.B. 2693
Creates the School Safety Drill Act to establish minimum requirements and standards for public and private schools to follow when conducting school safety drills and reviewing school emergency and crisis response plans. Sets forth the types and number of schoo...

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NJRule Adoption 08/2005P-12Programs To Support Student Development
NJAC 6A:16-1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 thru 5.8, 6.1 thru 6.3,7.1, 7.2 thru 7.10, 8 thru 11
Establishes and amends requirements for school district boards relating to development and implementation of school safety plans, cooperation with law enforcement on certain matters if they occur at school grounds and functions, development and implementation ...

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NYSigned into law 08/2005P-12Code of conduct at school function
H.B. 6283
Relates to the definition of school function as it relates to codes of conduct, to include all school authorized extra-curricular event or activity regardless of where such event or activity takes place, including any event or activity that may take place in a...

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CASigned into law 07/2005P-12Options for Expelled Students
A.B. 110 --Expulsion Section
Governing boards that expel pupils must provide access to an educational program for those students. Such a program may be operated by the school district, the county superintendent of schools, or a consortium of districts or in joint agreement with the county...

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NCSigned into law 07/2005P-12Seclusion and Restraint of Students
H.B. 1032
Clarifies the permissible use of seclusion and restraint in public schools and to provide for training in management of student behavior.One section states that It is the policy of the State of North Carolina to:
(1)       Promote safety and prevent harm to al...

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NCSigned into law 07/2005Postsec.Campus Police Act
S.B. 527
AN ACT to enhance the capacity of private institutions of higher education to protect the safety and welfare of their students, faculty, and staff by enacting the campus police act. http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/2005/Bills/Senate/HTML/S527v6.html...

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NYSigned into law 07/2005P-12Dangers of False Reporting
H.B. 142
Directs the commissioner to provide and prescribe a course of instruction in fire and arson prevention, injury prevention and life safety education relating to the protection against injury or death and protection of property against loss or dam...

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COSigned into law 06/2005P-12Child Fatality Prevention Act
H.B. 1280
Defines "unexpected and unexplained death" as a death that, prior to investigation, appears to have been caused by trauma, suspicious or obscure circumstances, or child abuse or neglect. Includes death from vehicular trauma, fire, drowning, abuse, suicide and ...

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COVetoed 06/2005P-12Supplemental Online Education Courses
S.B. 139
Recognizes the importance of supplemental online education courses, especially to smaller districts and rural schools. States that such courses are eligible to receive funding from the state education fund created in article IX of the state constitution. Requi...

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COVetoed 06/2005P-12School Safety and Accountability Reports Content/Design/Layout
S.B. 214 (Section 3)
Requires the department to convene a working group of specified members to evaluate the current rules, definitions and reporting of incidents pertaining to school safety. Requires the working group to submit a report of its findings to the state by November 20...

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FLSigned into law 06/2005P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Homeland Security
H.B. 1715
Requires that assessments of any building, facility, or structure owned or leased by a state agency, state university or community college not previously provided to the chief of domestic security must be completed by the state agency, state university or comm...

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FLSigned into law 06/2005P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Hazing
H.B. 193
Enacts the Chad Meredith Act. Specifies conduct that constitutes hazing at high schools with grades 9-12. Creates new felony and misdemeanor offenses of hazing at such high schools. Requires court to impose condition of 4-hour hazing education course and autho...

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LASigned into law 06/2005P-12Zero Tolerance for Knives
H.B. 458
Requires a principal to immediately suspend a student who is found carrying or possessing a knife whose blade is 2 inches or longer. Also requires the principal to immediately recommend the student's expulsion, except when the student is less than eleven years...

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NVSigned into law 06/2005P-12Public schools as a safe and respectful learning environment;
H.B. 202
Requires the Department of Education to prescribe a policy for public schools to provide a safe and respectful learning environment; prohibiting a school official from interfering with or preventing the disclosure of information concerning harassment or intimi...

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TNSigned into law 06/2005P-12Conflict Resolution Reporting
S.B. 1090
Amends Tennessee code annotated, section 49-2-118. Present law requires the commissioner of education to randomly select five LEAs from each grand division and the LEAs must submit a report to the commissioner on or before November 1 of each year on the confli...

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TNSIGNED BY GOVERNOR. 06/2005Postsec.
Community College
Sexual Offenses on Campus
H.B. 1542
Amends Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49, Chapter 7. Requires any official of a public or private institution of higher education receiving a report from a victim of rape occurring on the property or in the vicinity of such institution to report to law enforc...

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TXSigned into law 06/2005P-12Bullying
H.B. 283
Adds a new section: Sec. 25.0341 and amends several other sections. Defines "bullying. Requires, on the request of a parent or other person with authority to act on behalf of a student who is a victim of bullying, the board or its designee to transfer the st...

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TXSigned into law 06/2005P-12School Victim Protection
H.B. 308
From analysis: Current Texas law does not contain a provision which prevents a student convicted of sexual assault from reenrolling in the same school as the victim. Once a person who is convicted of sexual assault has served the sentence, the student can go ...

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TXSigned into law 06/2005P-12Multihazard Emergency Operations Plan, Security Audit
S.B. 11
A major portion of this law requires that by March 1, 2006, each school district in Texas must adopt and implement a multi-hazard Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) that addresses preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery steps in case of an emergency. Requ...

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AZSigned into law 05/2005P-12Stranger Danger Instruction
S.B. 1289
Authorizes districts and charter schools to incorporate into the existing curricula instruction on the dangers of unsupervised interaction with strangers. Allows each district and charter school to develop its own course of study thereon.
http://www.azleg.stat...

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DESigned into law 05/2005P-12Anti-Terrorism School Safety Emergency Procedures
S.J.R. 1
Requires the Department of Education and the Department of Safety and Homeland Security to revise and update the state's school safety emergency procedures in light of the increased threat of terrorist attacks. Requires revisions and updates of said procedures...

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INSigned into law 05/2005P-12
H.B. 1794
Requires schools to report the reasons for student suspensions and expulsions to the department of education, and to categorize suspended and expelled students by gender, ethnicity and disability status. Authorizes an agreement for court assisted resolution of...

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INSigned into law 05/2005P-12Bullying
S.B. 285
Defines "bullying", and requires a school corporation to adopt rules to prohibit bullying. Allows the use of grants from the safe schools fund to provide education and training to school personnel concerning bullying, and requires the inclusion of anti-bullyin...

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MISigned into law 05/2005P-12Discipline; referral to the strict discipline academy
S.B. 69
AN ACT to amend 1976 PA 451, entitled "An act to provide a system of public instruction and elementary and secondary schools; to revise, consolidate, and clarify the laws relating to elementary and secondary education; to provide for the organization, regulati...

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NV(H) APPROVED BY THE GOVERNOR. CHAPTER 132. 05/2005P-12Requires local and regional governmental entities to conduct study of safe walking routes in certain area near schools.
H.B. 231
AN ACT relating to public schools; requiring local and regional governmental entities to conduct a study of safe walking routes for pupils in a certain area near schools.

http://leg.state.nv.us/73rd/Reports/history.cfm?ID=1755...

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OKSigned into law 05/2005P-12Sex Offender Registry
S.B. 440
Directs that a copy of the sex offender registry be provided to the state superintendent of public instruction; authorizes the state superintendent to copy and distribute certain information to certain schools. http://www2.lsb.state.ok.us/2005-06SB/sb440_enr....

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OKSigned into law 05/2005P-12Disclosure
S.B. 700
If in the course of an investigation it is discovered that a person charged in an information or indictment with a felony or violent misdemeanor is a student or employee of a school district or a public school in the state, or an employee working on school pro...

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TNSigned into law 05/2005P-12Bullying
S.B. 1621/H.B. 2114
Requires each LEA to adopt a policy that prohibits harassment, intimidation, or bullying and to forward a copy of the policy to
the Commissioner of Education by January 1, 2006. School employees, volunteers, and students are encouraged to report incidents of h...

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TNSIGNED BY GOVERNOR. 05/2005Postsec.Police and Security
S.B. 47
Amends Section 49-7-118, relative to university and college police and security departments. Higher education institutions meeting certain size requirements may employ and commission police officers. http://tennessee.gov/sos/acts/104/pub/pc0119.pdf...

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TNSigned into law 05/2005Postsec.Notification When Probable Cause
H.B. 1811
Adds a new section to Title 49, Chapter 7, making it the duty of each institution of higher education which has probable cause to believe that any student is committing or has committed any offense, a violation of which is a class A misdemeanor or any of the f...

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TNSigned into law 05/2005P-12Cognitive Behavior Therapy
S.B. 1972
Requires the department of education, in cooperation and consultation with the state board of education, shall conduct a study of the benefits of cognitive behavioral therapy for elementary and secondary public school students with persistent behavioral proble...

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TXSigned into law 05/2005P-12Codes of Conduct
H.B. 603
District student codes of conduct are required to specify whether consideration is given, as a factor in a decision to order suspension,
removal to a disciplinary alternative education program, or expulsion, to: (A) self-defense; (B) intent or lack of inten...

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TXSigned into law 05/2005Postsec.Hazing Statutes Apply to Private Institutions of Higher Education
H.B. 1791
Requires hazing statutes to apply to private institutions of higher education. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=79&SESS=R&CHAMBER=H&BILLTYPE=B&BILLSUFFIX=01791&VERSION=5&TYPE=B...

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ARSigned into law 04/2005P-12Parental Notification
H.B. 2688
Clarifies requirements regarding parental notification by school personnel of student misconduct, law enforcement access to a student or a student's being taken into custody. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/HB2688.pdf...

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AZSigned into law 04/2005P-12School Curriculum
S.B. 1271
Creates new section allowing school districts and charter schools to offer a one-semester course in firearm marksmanship and gun safety, to be designated as the Arizona Gun Safety Course. Specifies the areas of instruction that the course must include. Require...

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AZSigned into law 04/2005P-12Governing Boards
H.B. 2368
Repeals provision granting a school district and its employees immunity from civil liability for the consequences of the good faith adoption and implementation of policies and procedures relating to the health and safety of all pupils participating in district...

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AZSigned into law 04/2005P-12School Accountability and Crime Reporting
S.B. 1044
Authorizes local boards to adopt guidelines for the standardization of the format of school accountability report cards required by section 15-746 http://www.azleg.state.az.us/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/ars/15/00746.htm&Title=15&DocType=ARS

Authorizes local bo...

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COTo governor 04/2005P-12School District Internet Safety Plan
H.B. 1036
Encourages districts to provide age-appropriate curriculum that covers safe use of the Internet. Concerns inclusion of an internet safety plan in each school district's safe school plan. http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics2005a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont2/...

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INSigned into law 04/2005P-12Cheerleading Safety
S.B. 301
Requires the state board of education to develop standards and guidelines concerning cheerleading safety in schools. http://www.in.gov/apps/lsa/session/billwatch/billinfo?year=2005&request=getBill&docno=301...

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MTRule Adoption 04/2005P-12Student Discipline Records/Student Records
ARM New Rule I; ARM 10.55.909
Establishes rules regarding student discipline records. Addresses student records MONTANA REG 4685 (SN)...

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WATo governor 04/2005P-12Offender Registration
H.B. 2101
Any adult or juvenile who is required to register and who is attending, or planning to attend, a public or private school must, within ten days of enrolling or prior to arriving at the school, to attend classes, whichever is earlier, notify the sheriff for the...

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ARSigned into law 03/2005P-12School Antibullying Policies
H.B. 1708
Amends antibullying policies. Expands prohibition of bullying to include any activity in school vehicles, at designated school bus stops, and at school sanctioned events. Requires local board policies against bullying to require that the person or persons who ...

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NMSigned into law 03/2005P-12School Emergency Drills
S.B. 230
Relates to emergency drills in public and private schools.

http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/05%20Regular/final/SB0230.pdf...

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UTSigned into law 03/2005P-12Internet Crimes Against Children
H.B. 132
Describes the state attorney general's participation in multijurisdictional and multidisciplinary work to prevent and prosecute Internet sexual crimes against children; authorizes the attorney general to provide Internet educational programs to parents, educat...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Expulsion of Students
H.B. 2223
Provides that the local school board, or a committee thereof, or the division superintendent may review petitions for readmission by expelled students. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?051+ful+CHAP0096...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12School Boards' Policies on Bullying
H.B. 2266
Directs the state board to include bullying in its standards for school board policies on student conduct and requires school boards to include (i) instruction on the inappropriateness of bullying in their character education programs and (ii) bullying provisi...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Immunity for School Employees Reporting Bullying
H.B. 2267
Establishes immunity from civil damages for any school employee, student, or school volunteer who reports incidents of bullying, intimidation, and harassment. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?051+ful+CHAP0462...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Criminal Street Gangs
H.B. 2217
Adds to the list of crimes defined as predicate criminal act: assault by mob, reckless handling of a firearm, extorting money, shooting from a motor vehicle, possession of a firearm, stun weapon or taser on school property and criminal street gang activities. ...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Reporting of Offenses by School Authorities
H.B. 1716
Provides that principals and division superintendents, in reporting certain serious incidents and crimes for annual recordation and publication by the Department of Education, must accurately indicate any offenses, arrests, or charges as recorded by law-enforc...

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VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Possession of Firearms on School Property
H.B. 2535
Allows the holder of a valid concealed handgun permit to possess a handgun on school property while in a motor vehicle in a parking lot, traffic circle, or other similar location; amends provisions regarding areas used for extracurricular and school- sponsored...

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ARSigned into law 02/2005P-12School Buses
H.B. 1196
Defines and prohibits the unauthorized entry of school buses by persons over age 18. Provides exceptions for law enforcement officers, students, school employees and volunteers. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/hb1196.pdf...

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+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Textbooks and Open Source