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From the ECS State Policy Database 2006 State Policies / Activities

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2006. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All." Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Data-Driven Improvement Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--School Boards Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Child Care P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid IN Issued 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Scholarships E.O. 06-18 Designates the Indiana Finance Authority as the entity to oversee and execute financial transactions in connection with the governor's 2007 ... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition Grants and Legal Residency H.B. 5307 Conditions eligibility for tuition grants to students enrolled in independent nonprofit institutions of higher learning on being a U.S. citi... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Financial Aid for Legal Residents H.B. 5303 Conditions eligibility for state competitive scholarships on being a U.S. citizen or legal alien with permanent residency status. http://www... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition Differential Grants and Legal Residency H.B. 5308 Conditions eligibility for tuition differential grants for students enrolled in independent nonprofit institutions of higher learning on bei... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Higher Education Grants and Legal Residents H.B. 5302 Conditions part-time independent student higher education grant program eligibility on being a U.S. citizen or legal alien with permanent re... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Graduate Student Work Study Eligibility and Legal Residents H.B. 5304 Conditions eligibility for work-study programs for students attending graduate and professional graduate schools and employed by qualified e... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 P-12 Postsec. Community College Merit Award Scholarships and Legal Residency H.B. 5309 Conditions eligibility for the Legislative Merit Award Scholarships on being a U.S. citizen or legal alien with permanent residency status. ... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Work Study Eligibility and Legal Residents H.B. 5305 Conditions eligibility for work-study programs on being a U.S. citizen or legal alien with permanent residency status. http://www.legislatur... More... MI Vetoed 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Grant Program Eligibility and Legal Residents H.B. 5306 Conditions eligibility for the state Educational Opportunity Grant program on being a U.S. citizen or legal alien with permanent residency s... More... MI Signed into law 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Creation of New Merit Scholarship Program H.B. 6302; S.B. 1335 Repeals Michigan merit award scholarship program; creates new Michigan merit award program. Public Act 478 The new act would provide grant a... More... MI Signed into law 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Michigan Promise Scholarship S.B. 1335 Establishes the Michigan Promise Grant, which provides an eligible student, beginning with the Class of 2007, with a up to $4,000 scholarshi... More... UT Adopted 12/2006 Postsec. Community College Robert C Byrd Scholarship Program R277-701 Provides definitions, student eligibility requirements, application procedures, application and notification time lines, scholarship award a... More... LA Issued 11/2006 Postsec. Community College Bond Allocation and Student Loans E.O. 46 Provides an allocation from the 2006 ceiling to be used to finance student loans which, if the student meets certain timely payment requirem... More... OH Rejected by Voters. 11/2006 Postsec. Revenues to partially fund college scholarships V. 3 (STATE ISSUE 3; Initiative Petition) Proposes a Constitutional amendment to permit up to 31,500 slot machines at seven horse racing tracks a... More... WY Approved by voters 11/2006 Postsec. Community College Higher Education Scholarship & Improvement Funds V. 3 Proposes an amendment (amendment C) to the Constitution to authorize the creation of permanent funds for two purposes: First, higher educati... More... CA Signed into law 09/2006 Postsec. Community College State Financial Aid Eligibility S.B. 1383 Specifies that a student who does not meet the requirements of the Cal Grant Program that specify the need for a high school diploma or its ... More... CA Vetoed 09/2006 Postsec. Community College State Financial Aid Limits A.B. 358 Expresses legislative intent that the maximum grant for Cal Grant recipients in 4-year programs at independent institutions be set and adjus... More... CA Signed into law 09/2006 Postsec. Community College Financial Aid Age Requirements A.B. 2813 Relates to the State Community College Transfer Cal Grant Entitlement Program eligibility requirements that includes a requirement that the ... More... CA Vetoed 09/2006 Postsec. Community College Oversight of Private College Financial Aid A.B. 751 Authorizes the Student Aid Commission to regulate all matters and functions related to the state operations of purveyors of private college ... More... MI Signed into law 09/2006 Postsec. Community College State Scholarship Programs Funding H.B. 6249 Authorizes the Higher Education Assistance Authority to use money from the Michigan guaranty agency's operating fund for the state competiti... More... NJ Adopted 08/2006 Postsec. Community College Student Tuition Assistance Reward Scholarship II Program NJAC 9A:9-11 Establishes the New Jersey Student Tuition Assistance Reward Scholarship II Program and provides that the Higher Education Student Assistanc... More... IL Signed into law 07/2006 P-12 Postsec. Community College Illinois GEAR UP S.B. 2328 Establishes the Steps for Attaining Higher Education through Academic Development (Illinois Steps AHEAD) program as the state's GEAR UP prog... More... IL Signed into law 07/2006 Postsec. Community College Nurse Educator Assistance Act S.B. 931 Establishes the Nurse Educator Assistance Act to attract capable and promising students to the nursing educator profession, increase employm... More... IL Signed into law 07/2006 Postsec. Community College Monetary Award Program Grants S.B. 2225 Amends the Higher Education Student Assistance Act. Requires the Student Assistance Commission to receive and consider applications for mone... More... IL Adopted 07/2006 P-12 Postsec. Teach Illinois Scholarship Program 23 IAC 2768.10, 15, 20, 30, 40 Clarifies rules to reflect the statutory changes contained in public law, which created this new program to encourage students to become tea... More... NY Vetoed 07/2006 Postsec. Community College September 11th, 2001 Scholarship Fund S.B. 8035 Establishes the September 11th, 2001 scholarship fund. Authorizes distinctive license plate program to fund scholarships. Monies of the fund... More... WY Emergency Rule Adoption 07/2006 Postsec. Community College Hathaway Scholarship Program Requirements Chapter 38 Defines the scholarships made available by the Hathaway Scholarship Program, which is a scholarship program that begins with the graduating ... More... AZ Approved by voters 06/2006 Postsec. Prohibition of In-state Tuition for Undocumented Immigrants V. 7 (Prop. 300) (PROPOSITION SCR 1031-2006) Submits to the people of the State a measure relating to family literacy public program eligibility; prohibits e... More... CA Signed into law 06/2006 Community College Postsec. Financial Aid Eligibility for Students with Parents in Military A.B. 840 Relates to the eligibility requirement under the Community College Transfer Cal Grant Entitlement Program that a participant graduate for a ... More... FL Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Educational Opportunities for Spouses of Disabled Veterans S.B. 2034 Relates to education of spouses of disabled veterans; provides that it is declared policy of state to provide educational opportunity at sta... More... HI Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Community College Scholarship Assistance S.B. 3120 Encourages state residents to pursue postsecondary education by clarifying the financial eligibility guidelines, establishing a workforce de... More... HI Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition and Fee Waivers S.B. 1648 Authorizes the board of regents to waive the nonresident tuition and fee differential for members in good standing of the following military... More... IA Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Postsec. Tuition Grants H.B. 2792 - Section 43 Makes an appropriation to cover tuition grants for students attending for-profit accredited private institutions in Iowa. http://coolice.leg... More... IA Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Postsec. Financial Aid H.B. 2792 Section 36 - 37 Provides educational assistance to the child of a person who died on or after September 11, 2001, during active federal military service whi... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Community College Financial Aid for Certain Low-Income Students H.B. 4406 Provides that grant assistance is available to an individual who: (1) has been in the legal custody of his or her grandparent and received p... More... LA Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Postsec. Teachers Education Trust Fund Incentive Program S.B. 737 Establishes the Teachers Education Trust Fund Incentive Program to provide additional financial incentives for qualified classroom teachers ... More... LA Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Tuition Waivers for Former Foster Children H.B. 1287 Provides tuition and fee exemptions at public postsecondary education institutions for persons previously in the state's foster care program... More... MI Signed into law 06/2006 Postsec. Community College Out of State Merit Scholarship Award S.B. 861 Eliminates the $1,000 awards currently available to merit scholarship award qualifiers enrolling in postsecondary institutions outside the s... More... TN Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Postsec. HOPE Scholarship for GED Students S.B. 2981 Relates to lottery scholarships and grants; provides that a student that is eligible for a HOPE scholarship upon graduation from high school... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 Postsec. Technology and Research Scholarship Program H.B. 1237 Creates 21st Century Technology, Research, and Scholarship Enhancement Act; creates Florida Technology, Research, and Scholarship Board with... More... GA Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Postsec. Community College HOPE Scholarships S.B. 561 Relates to HOPE scholarships and grants. Clarifies language related to program eligibility of students in a first professional degree progra... More... TN Signed into law 05/2006 Postsec. Tuition Grants for Foster Children H.B. 2809; S.B. 2587 Concerns Lottery, Scholarships and Programs; permits students receiving Tennessee HOPE foster child tuition grants to attend eligible privat... More... TN Signed into law 05/2006 Postsec. Community College HOPE Scholarship Awards S.B. 2683 Concerns lottery, scholarships and programs; increases HOPE scholarship awards from $ 3,300 to $ 4,000 for full-time students at four-year i... More... VT Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Postsec. Community College Commission to Develop the Next Generation Initiative S.B. 312 Relates to higher education. Creates a commission to develop the next generation initiative to encourage Vermonters to live and work in Ver... More... WA Emergency Rule Adoption 05/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition Waivers WAC 478-160-163 Authorizes a new permissive waiver for veterans who are Washington domiciles and who were called to active federal duty in a conflict or war... More... GA Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. HOPE Scholarships S.B. 506 Relates to HOPE scholarships and HOPE grants, so as to provide for a set amount for mandatory fees for HOPE scholarships and HOPE grants for... More... KS Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Community College Kansas National Guard Scholarships S.B. 305 Removes residency requirement from eligibility requirements for Kansas National Guard scholarships. Increases maximum years of national gua... More... KS Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Postsec. Tuition Waivers for Foster Children S.B. 85 Section 1-10 Establishes the Kansas Foster Child Educational Assistance Act. Provides that the purpose of the act is to establish an educational assista... More... MD Signed into law 04/2006 Community College Postsec. Community College Grants for English Language Learners S.B. 575 Increases the total amount of grants that may be distributed to specified community colleges in order to provide instruction and services to... More... MD Signed into law 04/2006 Community College Postsec. Grant Program for Students with Disabilities H.B. 1681 Requires the Maryland Higher Education Commission to establish and administer a grant program for supplemental services and supports for stu... More... MD Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Scholarship for Veterans and Dependents H.B. 3; S.B. 305 Establishes the Veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq Conflicts Scholarship; alters eligibility requirements for the Edward T. Conroy Memoria... More... MD Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Workforce and Economic Development Scholarships H.B. 988; S.B. 552 Consolidates specified workforce shortage and economic development student scholarship and grant programs in the Maryland Higher Education C... More... MS Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Community College Merit-Based Tuition Assistance H.B. 214 Creates a commission to study the effectiveness and efficiency of the administration of college tuition assistance programs administered by ... More... VA Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Postsec. Brown v. Board of Education Scholarship Program and Fund S.B. 443 This bill attempts to modify and strengthen the Brown v. Board of Education Scholarship Program and Fund to accomplish the purposes of the p... More... WI Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Community College Scholarship Eligibility for Vocational Students S.B. 370 Relates to eligibility of a student enrolled in a 2- year full-time vocational diploma program at a technical college for an academic excell... More... WV Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Community College Financial Aid S.B. 32 Relates to state-funded student financial aid services; modifies the eligibility criteria for certain programs; modifies the types of instit... More... WV Signed into law 04/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition Waivers S.B. 18 Grants tuition waivers to children and spouses of parole and probation officers killed in the line of duty or children and spouses of firefi... More... CO Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Student Loan Policies H.B. 1260 Concerns student loan programs in the Department of Higher Education; specifies that the Director of CollegeInvest shall be the Director of ... More... IN Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Need-Based and Merit-Based Financial Aid H.B. 1347 Section 5 Requires all 4-year public postsecondary institutions to annually submit a report to the legislative council and the commission for higher e... More... IN Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Postsec. Community College Double Up for College H.B. 1347 Section 10 Establishes Chapter 11.5, the Double Up For College Program Sec. 1. As used in this chapter, "postsecondary credit" means credit toward an a... More... KS Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Kansas Comprehensive Grant Program Awards H.B. 2695 Authorizes Kansas Comprehensive Grant Program awards to Kansas residents enrolled at Kansas institutions accredited by the Association for B... More... SC Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. LIFE Scholarship Program H.B. 4541 Amends and replaces in its entirety R.62-900 of the LIFE Scholarship Program. Three of the amendments make the scholarship regulation consis... More... UT Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Postsec. Modifications to Qualifications for New Century Scholarships H.B. 326 Modifies the requirements to qualify for a New Century scholarship; allows a student to qualify for such scholarship who completes and appro... More... VA Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Repeal of Virginia Scholars Program H.B. 49 Repeals sections relating to the Virginia Scholars Program by recommendation of the State Council of Higher Education; provides that the Vir... More... VA Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Postsec. Math, Science, Engineering and Technology Grant Program H.B. 1244 Creates the Mathematics, Science, Engineering and Technology Career Grant Program to provide higher education grants to domiciles who are en... More... WV Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Higher Education Student Financial Aid Advisory Board H.B. 4049 Relates to state funded student financial aid.Establishes the Higher Education Student Financial Aid Advisory Board. The purpose of the boar... More... WY Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Community College Scholarships S.B. 85 Relates to education; provides for scholarships for attendance at community colleges and the University of Wyoming as specified; specifies e... More... WY Signed into law 03/2006 Postsec. Community College Tuition Waivers for Certain Children/Dependents S.B. 101 Provides tuition waivers at the University of Wyoming and community colleges for specified dependents of peace officers and emergency medica... More... IL Adopted 02/2006 Postsec. Diversifying Higher Education Faculty in Illinois Act 23 IAC 1080.100, 110, 200, 210, 220, 230, 300, 310, 320, 330 Establishes the Diversifying Higher Education Faculty in Illinois Program (DFI), which combines two former programs, the Illinois Consortium... More... NJ Adopted 02/2006 Community College Postsec. Student Tuition Assistance Reward Scholarship Program NJAC 9A:9-10.6, 10.10 Provides scholarships for the full cost of tuition and approved fees to eligible students enrolled in a full-time course to study at the cou... More... SD Signed into law 02/2006 Postsec. Community College Eligibility for Opportunity Scholarship H.B. 1157 Extends opportunity scholarship eligibility to resident students who attend college or technical school out-of-state and then return to atte... More... VA Signed into law 02/2006 Postsec. Repeals Work Study Program H.B. 50 Repeals provisions relating to the Virginia Work Study Program by recommendation of the State Council of Higher Education; provides that the... More... IL Adopted 01/2006 P-12 Postsec. The "Grow Your Own" Teacher Education Initiative 23 IAC 60.10 thru 100 Establishes rules to implement the Grow Our Own Teacher Education Act. Allows consortia of at least one postsecondary institution, at least... More... Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Reading/Literacy Religion Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Year School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Standards State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source