ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2006 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2006. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
- Reading/Literacy
LAAdopted 11/2006P-12Raises accountability levels among adult education programs and ensures similar concepts are taught at appropriate educational levels throughout the state. Page 3-11 of 67 http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0611/0611RUL.pdf
Title: LAC 28:CXXIX.Chapter 1-11
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

UTAdopted 11/2006P-12 Allows a school district to budget an increased amount of ad valorem property tax revenue in addition to revenue from new growth without the required advertising (notice) requirements based on the date of voted leeway approval for Reading Improvement Programs. This amendment brings the rule in compliance with changes in state law. http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/bull_pdf/2006/b20061001.pdf (see pg. 21)
Title: R277-422
Source: http://www.rules.utah.gov/main/

WVAdopted 10/2006P-12Amends rules regarding reading and language arts content standards and objectives for West Virginia schools. http://wvde.state.wv.us/policies/p2520.1_ne.pdf
Title: Title 126, Series 44A
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

CASigned into law 09/2006P-12Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction and the State Department of Education to administer prekindergarten and family literacy programs. Requires a participating program to provide certain child development and family literacy services in order to receive funding. Requires a local educational agency to select a program coordinator. Makes an appropriation to provide direct child care services for children in participating classrooms. Encourages participating providers to offer full-day services.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_0151-0200/ab_172_bill_20060907_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 172
Source: California Legislature

CAVetoed 09/2006P-12Provides a local educational agency that receives continuous funding for Reading First beginning in rounds 1-3 of grant funding is eligible for grant funding through the 5th and 6th years of funding if it demonstrates significant progress. Requires the State Board of Education to develop an accountability process for the implementation of the program and to gather specified information related to the administration of the program. Relates to related teacher training requirements. Relates to funding denials.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_2201-2250/ab_2248_bill_20060831_enrolled.pdf
Title: A.B. 2248
Source: California Legislature

CASigned into law 09/2006P-12Prohibits the State Board of Education from adopting the same basic instructional materials in language arts or mathematics for the same grade level in successive years. Requires that instructional materials for language arts be submitted to the state board for adoption in 2008. Requires school districts to ensure each pupil is provided with language-arts textbooks.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_2701-2750/ab_2722_bill_20060915_enrolled.pdf
Title: A.B. 2722
Source: California Legislature

CAVetoed 09/2006P-12Requires the 2008 Reading/Language Arts/English Language Development Curriculum Frameworks and Criteria adopted by the Board of Education to include the accelerated English program. Requires the board, commencing with the 2008 Reading/Language Arts/English Language Development Curriculum Frameworks and Criteria adoption cycle, to allow publishers to submit for adoption as a basic core program under the program instructional materials that conform to the program.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb_1751-1800/sb_1769_bill_20060907_enrolled.pdf
Title: S.B. 1769
Source: California Legislature

WVAdopted 09/2006P-12Amends rules regarding the pre-K & K-12 program or curriculum requirements; reduces the amount of required teaching time for English Language Arts and Reading in middle school; changes pathway options to high school graduation from 3 to 2; requires a minimum number of Advanced Placement courses be offered or an International Baccalaureate program at the high school level; revises the school Breakfast and Lunch program; revises components of the Five Year School and School System Strategic Plans. http://www.wvsos.com/csrdocs/worddocs/126-042.doc
Title: Title 126, Series 42
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Extends repeal date of Iowa Early Intervention and School Improvement Technology Block Grant Programs to July 2007. (Includes funds for K-3 class size reduction and student achievement in basic skills, especially reading skills.) http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=billinfo&Service=Billbook&menu=false&hbill=SF2272
Title: S.B. 2272 - Section 6
Source: coolice.legis.state.ia.us

IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Deletes provision that a local board may provide an extended school tuition-free program for district residents over the maximum school age of 21 who do not have a high school diploma or high school equivalency diploma and who are currently enrolled in an education program in the district. Repeals related provisions. http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=billinfo&Service=Billbook&menu=false&hbill=SF2272
Title: S.B. 2272 - Section 38
Source: coolice.legis.state.ia.us

OKSigned into law 06/2006P-12Requires each public school district to ensure that a majority of the instructional time each day of the school year in kindergarten through third grade is focused on reading and mathematics (Chapter No. 146).
http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/2005-06bills/HB/hb2712_enr.rtf
Title: H.B. 2712
Source: http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Postsec.
There is created in the Department of Education the Just Read, Florida! office. The office will: (1) Train highly effective reading coaches. (2) Create multiple designations of effective reading instruction; (3) Train K-12 teachers and school principals on effective content-area-specific reading strategies. For secondary teachers, emphasis shall be on technical text; (4) Provide parents with information and strategies for assisting their children in reading in the content area. (5) Provide technical assistance to school districts in the development and implementation of research-based reading instruction and annually review and approve such plans. (6) Review, evaluate, and provide technical assistance to school districts' implementation of the reading plan. (7) Work with the Florida Center for Reading Research to provide information on research-based reading programs and effective reading in the content area strategies. (8) Periodically review the Sunshine State Standards for reading at all grade levels. (9) Periodically review teacher certification examinations, including alternative certification exams, to ascertain whether the examinations measure the skills needed for research-based reading instruction and instructional strategies. (10) Work with teacher preparation programs approved to integrate research-based reading strategies into programs.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006

Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 8)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Defines secondary schools as those serving grades 6-12. Specifies that the following guiding principles must be used in the annual preparation of each secondary school's improvement plan:

(a) Struggling students, especially those in failing schools, need the highest quality teachers and dramatically different, innovative approaches to teaching and learning.
(b) Every teacher must contribute to every student's reading improvement.
(c) Quality professional development provides teachers and principals with the tools they need to better serve students.
(d) Small learning communities allow teachers to personalize instruction to better address student learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses.
(e) Intensive intervention in reading and math must occur early and through innovative delivery systems.
(f) Parents need access to tools they can use to monitor their child's progress in school, communicate with teachers, and act early on behalf of their child.
(g) Applied and integrated courses help students see the relationships between subjects and relevance to their futures.
(h) School is more relevant when students choose courses based on their goals, interests, and talents.
(i) Master schedules should not determine instruction and must be designed based on student needs, not adult or institutional needs.
(j) Academic and career planning engages students in developing a personally meaningful course of study so they can achieve goals they have set for themselves.

Requires local boards to adopt policies to address:

(a) Procedures for placing and promoting grade 6-12 students entering from out of state or from a foreign country, including a review of the student's prior academic performance.
(b) Alternative methods for students to demonstrate competency in required courses and credits, with special support for students who have been retained.
(c) Applied, integrated, and combined courses that provide flexibility for students to enroll in courses that are creative and meet individual learning styles and student needs.
(d) Credit recovery courses and intensive reading and math intervention courses based on student performance on the FCAT. These courses should be competency based and offered through innovative delivery systems, including computer-assisted instruction. Districts should use learning gains as well as other appropriate data and provide incentives to identify and reward high-performing teachers who teach credit recovery and intensive intervention courses.
(e) Grade forgiveness policies that replace a grade of "D" or "F" with a grade of "C" or higher earned subsequently in the same or a comparable course.
(f) Summer academies for students to receive intensive reading and mathematics intervention courses or competency-based credit recovery courses. A student's participation in an instructional or remediation program prior to or immediately following entering grade 9 for the first time shall not affect that student's classification as a first-time 9th grader for reporting purposes.
(g) Strategies to support teachers' pursuit of the reading endorsement and emphasize reading instruction professional development for content area teachers.
(h) Creative and flexible scheduling designed to meet student needs.
(i) Procedures for high school students who have not prepared an electronic personal education plan to prepare such plan.
(j) Tools for parents to regularly monitor student progress and communicate with teachers.
(k) Additional course requirements for promotion and graduation which may be determined by each school district in the student progression plan and may include additional academic, fine and performing arts, physical education, or career and technical education courses in order to provide a complete education program.

Requires the department to:
(a) By February 1, 2007, increase the number of approved applied, integrated, and combined courses available to districts.
(b) By the beginning of the 2006-2007 school year, make available a professional development package designed to provide the information that content area teachers need to become proficient in applying scientifically based reading strategies through their content areas.
(c) Share best practices for providing a complete education program to students enrolled in course recovery, credit recovery, intensive reading intervention, or intensive math intervention.
(d) Expedite assistance and decisions and coordinate policies throughout all divisions within the department to provide districts with support to implement the Florida Secondary School Redesign Act.
(e) Use data to provide the Legislature with an annual longitudinal analysis of the success of this reform effort, including the progress of 6th grade students and 9th grade students scoring at Level 1 on FCAT Reading or FCAT Math.

Directs the commissioner of education to create and implement the Secondary School Improvement Award Program to reward public secondary schools that demonstrate continuous student academic improvement and show the greatest gains in student academic achievement in reading and math.

Pages 35-39 of 160: http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 - Section 19
Source: www.myfloridahouse.gov

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Postsec.
Creates the Florida Center for Reading Research (FCRR) at the Florida State University. The center shall include two outreach centers, one at a central Florida community college and one at a south Florida state university. The center and the outreach centers, under the center's leadership, will: (1) Provide technical assistance and support to all school districts and schools in this state in the implementation of evidence-based literacy instruction, assessments, programs, and professional development. (2) Conduct applied research that will have an immediate impact on policy and practices related to literacy instruction and assessment with an emphasis on struggling readers and reading in the content area strategies and methods for secondary teachers. (3) Conduct basic research on reading, reading growth, reading assessment, and reading instruction which will contribute to scientific knowledge about reading. (4) Collaborate with the Just Read! Florida Office and school districts in the development of frameworks for comprehensive reading intervention courses for possible use in middle schools and secondary schools. (5) Collaborate with the Just Read! Florida Office and school districts in the development of frameworks for professional development activities. (6) Disseminate information about research-based practices related to literacy instruction, assessment from screening, progress monitoring, and outcome assessments through the Florida Progress Monitoring and Reporting Network.
http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B 7087 (Section 34)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12The research-based reading instruction allocation is created to provide comprehensive reading instruction to students in kindergarten through grade 12. Funds for comprehensive, research-based reading instruction will be allocated annually to each school district in the amount provided in the General Appropriations Act.

Funds must be used to provide a system of comprehensive reading instruction to students enrolled in the K-12 programs, which may include the following: 1. The provision of highly qualified reading coaches. 2. Professional development for school district teachers in scientifically based reading instruction, including strategies to teach reading in content areas and with an emphasis on technical and informational text.
3. The provision of summer reading camps for students who score at Level 1 on FCAT Reading. 4. The provision of supplemental instructional materials that are grounded in scientifically based reading research. 5. The provision of intensive interventions for middle and high school students reading below grade level.

Annually, school districts shall submit a K-12 comprehensive reading plan for the specific use of the research-based reading instruction allocation in the format prescribed by the department for review and approval by the Just Read, Florida! Office.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 50)
Source: Florida Legislature

TNSigned into law 04/2006P-12
Postsec.
Requires reading instruction as a mandatory element of teacher education curriculum and requires certification of teacher competence in reading instruction.
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/HB2973.pdf
Title: H.B. 2973
Source: Tennessee Legislature

NMSigned into law 03/2006P-12Creates a Reading Materials Fund to be used to purchase scientific research-based reading materials for certain reading programs; makes appropriations. A school district may apply for funding for its reading program if: (1) core and supplemental materials are highly rated by either the Oregon reading first center or the Florida center for reading research or the materials are listed in the international dyslexia association's framework for informed reading and language instruction; (2) the district selects no more than two comprehensive published core reading programs; and (3) the district has established a professional development plan describing how it will provide teachers with professional development and ongoing support in the effective use of the selected instructional materials.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/06%20Regular/FinalVersions/house/HB0225.pdf
Title: H.B. 225
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us

WASigned into law 03/2006P-12From Substitute Senate Bill Report: A Reading Achievement Account (Account) is created in the custody of the State Treasurer. The Account is a non-appropriated but allotted fund. The Account is allowed to retains its own interest. The Director of the Department for Early Learning (Director) must deposit in the Account all state appropriations to the Department and all non-state monies received by the Department for reading achievement, including reading foundations and implementation of research-based reading models.
Link to Substitute Senate Bill Report: http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2005-06/Pdf/Bill%20Reports/Senate/2836-S.SBR.pdf
http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2005-06/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Law%202006/2836-S.SL.pdf
Title: H.B. 2836
Source: http://www.leg.wa.gov

+ Religion
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
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+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
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+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
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+ Students
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+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Technology
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+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source