ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2006 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2006. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
- Accountability--Reporting Results
CASigned into law 09/2006P-12Relates to students whose primary language is not English. Requires the Department of Education to monitor adherence to requirements relating to parental notification in their primary language as part of its regular monitoring and review of public schools and districts to make certain related determinations, and to notify school districts of certain related information. Requires the notification be made using electronic methods.
Title: A.B. 680
Source: California Legislature

CAVetoed 09/2006P-12Deletes certain items from the list of school conditions for which assessments are required to be included in the school accountability report card, including the quality of school instruction and leadership, the degree to which pupils are prepared to enter the workforce, and whether the school qualifies for the Governor's Performance Award Program. Requires each school district to make it most recent report care available through the Internet or hard copies by a specified date each year.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb_1501-1550/sb_1510_bill_20060831_enrolled.pdf
Title: S.B. 1510
Source: California Legislature

CASigned into law 08/2006P-12Requires the superintendent of public instruction to report on the number and percentage of pupils who failed to receive a diploma of graduation from high school in 2006 due to the failure of those pupils to pass the high school exit examination, aggregated by ethnicity, English learner status, and other information as may be determined to be necessary to understanding the meaning and consequences of the failure to pass the high school exit examination.
http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/sen/sb_1551-1600/sb_1592_bill_20060825_enrolled.pdf
Title: S.B. 1592
Source: California Legislature

DEAdopted 07/2006P-12Enables school districts to choose to either track students back to the school of residence or to make the school that is providing the instruction the accountability school for students in an intradistrict intensive learning center or intradistrict special school or program. Requires schools to use thehighest test scores a student receives in the AYP calculation when the studentis tested a second time as part of the state mandated summer school program. Allows for the composite score for the State Progress Determination to be a two year average or current year, whichever is higher. DELAWARE 1856
http://www.state.de.us/research/AdminCode/title14/100/103.shtml#TopOfPage
Title: 14 DAC 103
Source: Delaware Regulations

IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Directs each local board to annually develop, maintain, and distribute a financial report. Provides that the objective of the financial report shall be to facilitate public access to a variety of information and statistics relating to the education funding received by the school district, enrollment and employment figures, and additional information.
Requires the financial report to contain, at a minimum, information on:

a. All property tax levies, income surtaxes, and local option sales taxes in place in the school district, listed by type of levy, rate, amount, duration, and notification of the maximum rate and amount limitations permitted by statute.
b. The amount of funding received on a per pupil basis through the operation of the school finance formula, and from any other state appropriation or state funding source.
c. Federal funding received per student or teacher population targeted to receive the funds, and any other federal grants or funding received by the district.
d. Teacher and administrator minimum, maximum, and average salary paid by the district, and the percentage and dollar increase under teacher and administrator salary and benefits settlement agreements.
e. Teacher and administrator health insurance and other alternative health benefit information, including the monthly premium, the percentage of the premium paid by the district, and the percentage of the premium paid by a teacher or administrator for single and family insurance.
f. Teacher and administrator employment statistics, including the annual number of licensed full-time and part-time teachers and administrators employed by the school district during the preceding five years, and including the number of teachers and administrators no longer employed by the district, and new hires.
g. Student enrollment levels during the preceding five years, including regular enrollment, special education enrollment, and enrollment adjustments made pursuant to supplementary weighting.
h. Such additional information as the school district may determine.

Requires copies of a district's financial report for the previous school year to be posted on the district Web site at the beginning of the school year. Provides that if the district does not maintain or develop a Web site, the school district must either distribute or post written copies of the financial report at specified locations throughout the school district.

Provides that, prior to certifying any levy by board approval, or submitting a levy for voter approval, local boards must facilitate public access to a complete listing of all outstanding levies within the school district by rate, amount, duration, and the applicable maximum levy limitations. Requires that the information on outstanding levies be posted on the district Web site at the beginning of the school year, and updated prior to board approval or submission for voter approval of any levy during the school year. Provides that if the district does not maintain or develop a Web site, the district must either distribute or post written copies of the listing at specified locations throughout the district. http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=billinfo&Service=Billbook&menu=false&hbill=SF2272
Title: S.B. 2272 - Section 14-15
Source: coolice.legis.state.ia.us

KYAdopted 06/2006P-12Establishes rules regarding the standards for a school and district report card. http://www.lrc.ky.gov/kar/703/005/140.htm
Title: 703 KAR 5:140
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

COVetoed 05/2006P-12Concerns school accountability; establishes that, if a school covers more than one school level, it shall be assigned one academic performance rating and one academic growth of students rating and receive one school accountability report.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics2006a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/7F98372AFBE9CA56872570C7006E5546?Open&file=069_enr.pdf
Title: S.B. 69
Source: Colorado Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12School districts and boards must provide information regarding performance of students and educational programs as required pursuant to ss. 1008.22 and 1008.385 and implement a system of school reports as required by statute and State Board of Education rule.This legislation requires school reports to add a school's grade, high school graduation rate calculated without GED tests, disaggregated by student ethnicity, category and performance data as specified in state board rule.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 11)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Adds the following reporting requirements. The Department of Education must annually provide a report on the following: (a) Longitudinal performance of students in mathematics and reading. (b) Longitudinal performance of students by grade level in mathematics and reading. (c) Longitudinal performance regarding efforts to close the achievement gap. (d) Longitudinal performance of students on the norm-referenced component of the FCAT. (e) Other student performance data based on national norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests, when available, and numbers of students who after 8th grade enroll in adult education rather than other secondary education. 244

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 40)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Requires school report cards to be delivered -- not just available -- to parents.
The Department of Education will annually develop, in collaboration with the school districts, a school report card to be delivered to parents throughout each school district. The report card shall include the school's grade, information regarding school improvement, an explanation
of school performance as evaluated by the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, and indicators of return on investment.

Each school's report card mustl be published annually by the department on its website, and the school district must provide the school report card to each parent.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006

Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 46)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Alternative schools that provide dropout-prevention and academic-intervention services pursuant to s. 1003.53 shall receive a school-improvement rating. The school-improvement rating must identify schools as having one of the following ratings: (a) "Improving" means schools with students making more academic progress than when the students were served in their home schools. (b) "Maintaining" means schools with students making progress equivalent to the progress made when the students were served in their home schools. (c) "Declining" means schools with students making less academic progress than when the students were served in their home schools.

The school-improvement rating will be based on a comparison of student performance data for the current year and previous year. Schools that improve at least one level or maintain an "improving" rating pursuant to this section are eligible for school recognition awards.

Student Learning Gains
For each alternative school receiving a school-improvement rating, the Department of Education will annually identify the percentage of students making learning gains as compared to the percentage of the same students making learning gains in their home schools in the year prior to being assigned to the alternative school.

School Report Cartds
The Department of Education will annually develop, in collaboration with the school districts, a school report card for alternative schools to be delivered to parents throughout each school district. The report card will include the school-improvement rating, identification of student
learning gains, student attendance data, information regarding school improvement, an explanation of school performance as evaluated by the federal No Child Left Behind Act, and indicators of return on investment.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 47)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Makes revisions to school grade provisions, such as the inclusion of information for students receiving a special diploma and grades for K-3 and alternative schools.

Each school that has students who are tested and included in the school grading system, except an alternative school that receives a school-improvement rating pursuant to s. 1008.341, will receive a school grade; however, an alternative school may choose to receive a school grade under this section in lieu of a school-improvement rating. Additionally, a school that serves any combination of students in kindergarten through grade 3 which does not receive a school grade because its students are not tested and included in the school grading system will receive the school grade designation of a K-3 feeder pattern school identified by the Department of Education and verified by the school district. A school feeder pattern exists if at least 60 percent of the students in the school serving a combination of students in kindergarten through grade 3 are scheduled to be assigned to the graded school.

A school's grade will be based on a combination of: 1. Student achievement scores, including achievement scores for students seeking a special diploma. 2. Student learning gains as measured by annual FCAT assessments in grades 3 through 10; learning gains for students seeking a special diploma, as measured by an alternate assessment tool, must be included not later than the 2009-2010 school year. 3. Improvement of the lowest 25th percentile of students in the school in reading, math, or writing on the FCAT, unless these students are exhibiting satisfactory performance.

Effective with the 2005-2006 school year, the achievement scores and learning gains of eligible students attending alternative schools that provide dropout-prevention and academic-intervention services will be used to determine the home school's grade. If an alternative school chooses to be graded pursuant to this section, student performance data for eligible students will not be included in the home school's grade but will be included only in the calculation of the alternative school's grade. School districts must require collaboration between the home school and the alternative school in order to promote student success.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 45)
Source: Florida Legislature

FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Postsec.
Community College
To provide data required to implement education performance accountability measures in state and federal law, the Commissioner of Education must initiate and maintain strategies to improve data quality and timeliness. All data collected from state universities shall, as determined by the commissioner, be integrated into the K-20 data warehouse. The commissioner will have unlimited access to such data solely for the purposes of conducting studies, reporting annual and longitudinal student outcomes, and improving college readiness 2823
and articulation. All public educational institutions must provide data to the K-20 data warehouse in a format specified by the commissioner.

School districts and public postsecondary educational institutions shall maintain information systems that will provide the State Board of Education, the Board of Governors of the State University System, and the Legislature with information and reports necessary to address the specifications of the accountability system.

The Commissioner of Education will determine the standards for the required data, monitor data quality, and measure improvements. The commissioner shall report annually to the State Board of Education, the Board of Governors of the State University System, the President of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives data quality indicators and ratings for all school districts and public postsecondaryeducational institutions.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.doc&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2006
Title: H.B. 7087 (Section 44)
Source: Florida Legislature

AZSigned into law 04/2006P-12Relates to publications and payment of claims for printing; provides for the powers and duties of the Superintendent of Public Instruction; provides that the superintendent may publish on the web site maintained by the department of education a list of the top schools in the state based on the school's academic gains according to measures selected by the department of education.
http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/47leg/2r/bills/sb1270s.pdf
Title: S.B. 1270
Source: Arizona Legislature

KYSigned into law 04/2006P-12
Postsec.
Section 1:
Requires the state assessment system, by the 2007-2008 school year, to include:
1. A high school readiness examination to assess English, reading, math and science in grade 8;
2. A college readiness examination to assess English, reading, math and science in grade 10;
3. The ACT college admissions and placement examination to assess English, reading, math and science, to be taken by all students in grade 11; and
4. Any other component necessary to comply with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.
These assessments are to be administered in lieu of a customized or commercially available norm-referenced test.

Provides that a student whose scores on the grade 8 high school readiness exam indicate a high degree of readiness for high school must be counseled to enroll in accelerated courses. Provides that a student whose scores on the grade 10 college readiness exam or grade 11 ACT indicate a high degree of readiness for college must be counseled to enroll in accelerated courses, with an emphasis on Advanced Placement (AP) courses.

Specifies that the department will pay for the initial ACT exam, but that the student must pay for additional ACT exams.

Provides that students in grades 10, 11 and 12, by the 2007-2008 school year, may take the WorkKeys assessments in reading for information, locating information, and applied mathematics, with the cost of the initial assessment paid by the department of education. Provides that a student whose scores on the WorkKeys assessments indicate that additional assistance is required in reading for information, locating information, or applied mathematics must have intervention strategies for accelerated learning incorporated into his or her learning plan. Provides that a student meeting the WorkKeys threshold established by the Cabinet for Workforce Development must be issued the appropriate Kentucky employability certificate.

Provides that the high school readiness assessment in grade 8, the college readiness assessments in grades 10 and 11, and the WorkKeys assessments are to be collectively known as the "Kentucky Work and College Readiness Examination" or "Readiness Examination."

Directs the department of education to conduct periodic studies comparing the standards in reading, mathematics, and science for middle and high school within the Kentucky core content for assessment and the concepts and content measured by the ACT and the high school and college readiness examinations. Provides that if the department determines that if the grade 8 high school readiness and grades 10 and 11 college readiness exams in reading, math and science are shown to provide direct measures of content standards and concepts identified in the Kentucky core content for assessment, the state board must seek the advice of the Office of Education Accountability, the School Curriculum, Assessment, and Accountability Council, and the National Technical Advisory Panel on Assessment and Accountability regarding reducing the number of questions on the Commonwealth Accountability Testing System. Directs the department to continue to include open-response or multiple-choice items, or both, that assess student knowledge and skills in reading, mathematics, and science to the degree necessary for adequate coverage of the elements of the Kentucky core content for assessment not covered by the examinations.

Specifies the types of accommodations to be provided a student with a disability taking the ACT.

Requires the reporting system to include:

(1) An individual student report to parents for each 5th grade student summarizing the student's readiness in reading and math based on the student's 4th grade state assessment results. The school's 5th grade staff must develop a plan for accelerated learning for any student with identified deficiencies;
(2) An individual report for each student who takes a high school or college readiness exam that:
1. Provides the student's test scores;
2. Provides a judgment regarding whether or not a student has met or failed to meet the expectations for each standard assessed; and
3. Is designed to assist students, parents, and teachers to identify, assess, and remedy academic deficiencies prior to high school graduation; and
(3) A student's scores on the ACT examination or WorkKeys assessments. Requires scores from the state-sponsored ACT exam to be recorded on the student's official high school transcript.

Section 2:
Mandates that a high school student whose scores on the grade 8 high school readiness exam, on the grade 10 college readiness exam, or on the WorkKeys indicate that additional assistance is required in English, reading, or math must have intervention strategies for accelerated learning incorporated into his or her learning plan. Mandates that a high school student whose score on the state-administered ACT exam in English, reading, or math is below the system-wide standard established by the Council on Postsecondary Education for entry into a credit-bearing course at a public postsecondary institution without placement in a remedial course or an entry-level course with supplementary academic support must be provided the opportunity to participate in accelerated learning designed to address his or her identified academic deficiencies prior to high school graduation.

Requires a high school, in collaboration with its school district, to develop and implement accelerated learning that:
(a) Allows a student's learning plan to be individualized to meet the student's academic needs based on an assessment of test results and consultation among parents, teachers, and the student; and
(b) May include changes in a student's class schedule.

Directs the department of education, the council on postsecondary education, and public postsecondary institutions to offer support and technical assistance to schools and school districts in the development of accelerated learning. Provides that a student who participates in accelerated learning due to inadequate scores on the grade 8 high school readiness exam, the grade 10 college readiness exam, the WorkKeys or the ACT must be allowed to take the ACT exam a second time prior to high school graduation at the expense of the Kentucky Department of Education. The cost of any subsequent administrations of the achievement test shall be the responsibility of the student.
http://www.lrc.ky.gov/RECORD/06RS/SB130/bill.doc
Title: S.B. 130
Source: www.lrc.ky.gov

MASigned into law 04/2006P-12Describes the requirements for providing student records to parents and the information that must be included academic and other indicators.
http://www.mass.gov/legis/bills/senate/st02/st02206.htm
Title: S.B. 2206
Source: Massachusetts Legislature

INSigned into law 03/2006P-12Requires district report cards to report:
--The number and percentage of students participating in the school flex program, if offered (see IC 20-30-2-2.2 http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title20/ar30/ch2.html)
--The number of students who have dropped out of school, including the reasons for dropping out.
--The number of student work permits revoked.
--The number of student driver's licenses revoked.
--The number of students who have not advanced to grade 10 due to a lack of completed credits.
--The number of students suspended for any reason.
--The number of students receiving an international baccalaureate diploma.
http://www.in.gov/legislative/bills/2006/HE/HE1347.1.html
Title: H.B. 1347 Section 7
Source: www.in.gov/legislative

INSigned into law 03/2006P-12Requires the department to develop a plan to upgrade the financial management, analysis, and reporting system for school corporations (districts) and schools.

Requires the plan to:
(1) Provide the use of generally accepted accounting principles based on the system of accounting used by school corporations and schools on June 30, 2006, and a unified income and expense statement and balance sheet;
(2) Provide school corporations and schools the ability to track expenditures individually and according to the expenditure category the program under which the expense was incurred, and the school building where the expense was incurred;
(3) Provide real time or other timely access to expenditures, and across functions, schools, and school corporations; and
(4) Enable periodic and annual analysis and reporting to the leadership of a school, the superintendent and governing body of a school corporation, the general public, the department, the state board, the governor, and the general assembly.

Directs the department and the state board to submit the plan to the governor and the general assembly by October 1, 2006.
http://www.in.gov/legislative/bills/2006/PDF/HE/HE1006.1.pdf
Title: H.B. 1006 - Section 4
Source: www.in.gov

+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
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+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
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+ Governance--School Boards
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+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
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+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
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+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
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+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
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+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
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+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
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+ P-3 Preschool
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+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
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+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
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+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source