ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2006 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2006. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
- Finance--District
OHSigned into law 12/2006P-12Requires local boards to appoint a treasurer, who serves as the chief fiscal officer of the school district. The treasurer is to be appointed for a term not longer than five years beginning the first day of August and ending the thirty-first day of July. The board is required to execute a written contract of employment with the treasurer. At the expiration of a treasurer's current term of employment, the treasurer is deemed re-employed for a term of one year at the same salary plus any increments that the board may authorize, unless the board, on or before the first day of March of the year in which the contract of employment expires, either re-employs the treasurer for a succeeding term as provided in division (C) of this section or gives to the treasurer written notice of its intention not to re-employ the treasurer. Prohibits a treasurer from being transferred to any other position during the term of the treasurer's employment or re-employment except by mutual agreement by the treasurer and the board. If a vacancy occurs in the office of treasurer, the board is to appoint a treasurer for a term not to exceed five years from the preceding first day of August. A treasurer appointed under this section may not be a member of the board or otherwise regularly employed by the board. No board of education, other than the board of an island school district, shall elect appoint a person treasurer who does not hold a valid license issued under section 3301.074 of the Revised Code, unless the person is an otherwise qualified treasurer. If the treasurer fails to maintain that license, the treasurer is automatically disqualified from further service, unless the treasurer is an otherwise qualified treasurer. Makes other clarifications. http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=126_HB_671
Title: H.B. 671
Source: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us

OHSigned into law 12/2006P-12Sec. 3315.20. A school district may have a deficit in any special fund of the district only if both of the following conditions are satisfied:
(A) The district has a request for payment pending with the state sufficient to cover the amount of the deficit and there is a reasonable likelihood that the payment will be made.
(B) The unspent and unencumbered balance in the district's general fund is greater than the aggregate of deficit amounts in all of the district's special funds.
http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=126_HB_276
Title: H.B. 276 -- Sec. 3315.20
Source: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us

CORejected by voters 11/2006P-12(REFERENDUM J; HB 06-1283) Creates the State Public School Expenditures Accountability Act. If approved, would amend state statutes to require districts to spend at least 65% of their operational expenditures on classroom instruction beginning in the 2007-08 school year. Districts spending less than 65% would be required to increase spending on the specified items by two percentage points each year until the threshold is met. Districts would be authorized to request a one-year waiver from the spending requirement. The legislature would be authorized to sanction any school district that failing to comply with the spending requirement. Districts would be required to adopt an annual budget report, in a standard format, for public inspection, and would be allowed to hold elections to exempt them from these requirements.

Requires school districts to adopt an annual budget report, in a standard format, for public inspection, and to spend a percentage of operational budgets on direct classroom expenditures; concerns capital construction, charter school transfers, mill levies, local bonds and bond redemption funds; allows a district to hold an election to determine voter preference to exempt the district from requirements.
Title: Referendum J
Source:

IDRejected by voters 11/2006P-12Relates to K-12 public school funding. Adds 1% sales tax rate, revenue stream for this component of K-12 local public school funding; creates the Local Public Schools Investment Fund which must be used for supporting students in the classroom and improving local schools; requires annual accountability reports from local school boards on use of increased revenues. http://www.idsos.state.id.us/elect/inits/06init00.htm
Title: Proposition 1
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

LAApproved by voters 09/2006P-12Proposes a constitutional amendment to provide that no law, unless enacted by two-thirds of the elected members of each house of the legislature, requiring increased expenditures for any purpose shall be applicable to a city, parish, or other local public school board except under certain circumstances; provides for exceptions to such prohibition; specifies an election for submission of the proposition to electors and provide a ballot proposition. http://www.sos.louisiana.gov:8090/cgibin/?rqstyp=elcms4&rqsdta=093006
Title: Amendment 9
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

DESigned into law 07/2006P-12Implements enhanced public education financial accountability provisions. Includes vocational- technical school districts and charter school funds and authority.

http://www.legis.state.de.us/LIS/lis143.nsf/vwLegislation/SB+374/$file/legis.html?open
Title: S.B. 374
Source: Delaware Legislature

HIBecame law without governor's signature 07/2006P-12Requires the school impact fee working group to submit supplemental findings and recommendations, including any proposed legislation, to the legislature no less than 20 days before the convening of the 2007 session. Makes an appropriation for the operation of the school impact fee working group. Provides that the sum appropriated must be expended by the office of the auditor which shall oversee and administer any consultant contracts as may be executed on behalf of the working group. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/bills/sb2708_cd1_.htm
Title: S.B. 2708
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet, www.capitol.hawaii.gov

MISigned into law 07/2006P-12Allows boards of local or intermediate school districts to borrow money by issuing notes to secure funds for school operations or to pay previous loans obtained for school operations in the event of the unavailability or insufficiency of state school aid for any reason. Sets guidelines for issuing and repaying notes. http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2005-2006/publicact/pdf/2006-PA-0285.pdf
Title: H.B. 6069
Source: http://www.legislature.mi.govt

IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Directs each local board to annually develop, maintain, and distribute a financial report. Provides that the objective of the financial report shall be to facilitate public access to a variety of information and statistics relating to the education funding received by the school district, enrollment and employment figures, and additional information.
Requires the financial report to contain, at a minimum, information on:

a. All property tax levies, income surtaxes, and local option sales taxes in place in the school district, listed by type of levy, rate, amount, duration, and notification of the maximum rate and amount limitations permitted by statute.
b. The amount of funding received on a per pupil basis through the operation of the school finance formula, and from any other state appropriation or state funding source.
c. Federal funding received per student or teacher population targeted to receive the funds, and any other federal grants or funding received by the district.
d. Teacher and administrator minimum, maximum, and average salary paid by the district, and the percentage and dollar increase under teacher and administrator salary and benefits settlement agreements.
e. Teacher and administrator health insurance and other alternative health benefit information, including the monthly premium, the percentage of the premium paid by the district, and the percentage of the premium paid by a teacher or administrator for single and family insurance.
f. Teacher and administrator employment statistics, including the annual number of licensed full-time and part-time teachers and administrators employed by the school district during the preceding five years, and including the number of teachers and administrators no longer employed by the district, and new hires.
g. Student enrollment levels during the preceding five years, including regular enrollment, special education enrollment, and enrollment adjustments made pursuant to supplementary weighting.
h. Such additional information as the school district may determine.

Requires copies of a district's financial report for the previous school year to be posted on the district Web site at the beginning of the school year. Provides that if the district does not maintain or develop a Web site, the school district must either distribute or post written copies of the financial report at specified locations throughout the school district.

Provides that, prior to certifying any levy by board approval, or submitting a levy for voter approval, local boards must facilitate public access to a complete listing of all outstanding levies within the school district by rate, amount, duration, and the applicable maximum levy limitations. Requires that the information on outstanding levies be posted on the district Web site at the beginning of the school year, and updated prior to board approval or submission for voter approval of any levy during the school year. Provides that if the district does not maintain or develop a Web site, the district must either distribute or post written copies of the listing at specified locations throughout the district. http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=billinfo&Service=Billbook&menu=false&hbill=SF2272
Title: S.B. 2272 - Section 14-15
Source: coolice.legis.state.ia.us

ILSigned into law 06/2006P-12Revises provisions related to districts' public reporting of finances. Specifies content that must be included in annual statement of affairs summary. Tranfers from regional superintendents to state board control over processing of payments of districts not in compliance with financial reporting requirements.
Pages 27-32 of 49: http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/94/SB/PDF/09400SB2829lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 2829 - District Financial Reporting
Source: www.ilga.gov

LASigned into law 06/2006P-12Recognizes that the parish of Cameron has suffered wide-spread devastation and crippling disruption from the effects of Hurricane Rita prohibiting normal recovery and restoration. Creates the Parishwide School District of the Parish of Cameron. Provides that the special district is to be administered by a board of directors composed of the president of the Cameron Parish School Board, the superintendent of the Cameron Parish School System, and three other directors selected by the school board of such parish, who themselves may be members of the school board. Authorizes the special district to levy only for the 2006 tax year a property tax not to exceed 10 mills for the purpose of giving additional support to public schools in the parish. http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=403725
Title: S.B. 32
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

LASigned into law 06/2006P-12Requires school systems to employ or share by agreement school board business managers or chief financial officers who meet qualifications established by the state board. Gives any business manager or chief financial officer who does not meet the requirements established in state board rules seven years from the date the rules are published to meet the required qualifications. http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=400970
Title: S.B. 539
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

KSSigned into law 05/2006P-12Provides that whenever the state board determines that a school has failed either to meet the accreditation requirements or standards adopted by the state board
or provide the curriculum required by state law, the state board must notify the district in which the school is located. Requires such notice to specify the accreditation requirements that the school has failed to meet and the curriculum that the school has failed to provide. Encourages the local board, upon receipt of
such notice, to reallocate the resources of the district to remedy all deficiencies identified by the state board. Directs the local board, when making such reallocation, to take into consideration the resource strategies of highly resource-efficient districts as identified in Phase III of the Kansas Education Resource Management Study conducted by Standard and Poor's (March 2006). http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2006/549.pdf
Title: S.B. 549 - Section 1
Source: www.kslegislature.org

KSSigned into law 05/2006P-12Requires districts to report expenditures in the manner required by the state board in order to achieve uniform reporting of expenditures in school district budgets. http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2006/549.pdf
Title: S.B. 549 - Section 2
Source: www.kslegislature.org

KSSigned into law 05/2006P-12Directs every district to conduct an assessment of each attendance center's educational needs. Directs the board to use information obtained from such needs assessment when preparing the district budget. Also directs the board to prepare a summary of the budget for the school district. http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2006/549.pdf
Title: S.B. 549 - Section 26
Source: www.kslegislature.org

KSSigned into law 05/2006P-12Authorizes districts to spend funds received from the bilingual weighting to pay the cost of providing at-risk and preschool-aged at-risk education programs and services. Authorizes districts to spend funds received from the preschool-aged at-risk weighting to pay the cost of providing at-risk, bilingual and vocational education programs and services.

Requires every local board to annually submit to the state board a report on the preschool-aged at-risk program or assistance provided by the district. Requires this report to include information specifying the number of students who were served or provided assistance, the type of service provided, the research upon which the district relied in determining that a need for service or assistance existed, the results of providing such service or assistance and any other information required by the state board.

Requires every local board to submit to the state board a report on the bilingual education program and assistance provided by the district. Requires this report to include information specifying the number of pupils who were served or provided assistance, the type of service provided, the research upon which the district relied in determining that a need for service or assistance existed, the results of providing such service or assistance and any other information required by the state board.

Bill: http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2006/549.pdf
Conference Committee Report Brief: http://www.kslegislature.org/supplemental/2006/CCRB549.pdf
Title: S.B. 549 - Section 13, 16, 27
Source: www.kslegislature.org

ARSigned into law 04/2006P-12Concerns uniform reporting requirements for school district fund balances.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2006S1/public/HB1018.pdf
Title: H.B. 1018, S.B. 7
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/

GASigned into law 04/2006P-12Concerns the Classroom First for Georgia Act. Defines "direct classroom expenditures" and "total operating expenditures." Beginning with fiscal year 2008, requires local schools to spend a minimum of 65% of total operating expenditures on direct classroom expenditures. http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2005_06/pdf/sb390.pdf
Title: S.B. 390
Source: www.legis.state.ga.us

MSSigned into law 04/2006P-12Revises requirements relating to district financial audits and reporting.
http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2006/html/HB/1100-1199/HB1119SG.htm
Title: H.B. 1119
Source: http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2006/html/HB/1100-1199/HB1119SG.htm

INSigned into law 03/2006P-12Requires the department to develop a plan to upgrade the financial management, analysis, and reporting system for school corporations (districts) and schools.

Requires the plan to:
(1) Provide the use of generally accepted accounting principles based on the system of accounting used by school corporations and schools on June 30, 2006, and a unified income and expense statement and balance sheet;
(2) Provide school corporations and schools the ability to track expenditures individually and according to the expenditure category the program under which the expense was incurred, and the school building where the expense was incurred;
(3) Provide real time or other timely access to expenditures, and across functions, schools, and school corporations; and
(4) Enable periodic and annual analysis and reporting to the leadership of a school, the superintendent and governing body of a school corporation, the general public, the department, the state board, the governor, and the general assembly.

Directs the department and the state board to submit the plan to the governor and the general assembly by October 1, 2006.
http://www.in.gov/legislative/bills/2006/PDF/HE/HE1006.1.pdf
Title: H.B. 1006 - Section 4
Source: www.in.gov

WYSigned into law 03/2006P-12Chapter No. 83 povides flexibility to school districts in accounting for revenues received from settlements of protested amounts attributable to district property tax levies; Flexibility is provided by a deferral of these revenues from the 15% limit imposed upon operating balances and cash reserves in computing foundation program entitlements; The deferral is authorized for a period up to one year.
http://legisweb.state.wy.us/2006/Enroll/SF0088.pdf
Title: S.B. 88
Source: http://legisweb.state.wy.us

MSSigned into law 02/2006P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Authorizes school districts, universities and community colleges to borrow funds from federal government to cover loss of revenue as result of Hurricane Katrina.
http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2006/pdf/SB/2700-2799/SB2701SG.pdf
Title: S.B. 2701
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

DESigned into law 01/2006P-12The legislature appropriated $5,000,000 to the Department of Education for an "Energy Fund". These funds will help reorganized school districts, vocational-technical school districts and charter schools pay for energy cost increases resulting from, but not limited to, the increased cost of natural gas and electricity, limited refining capacity, and increased consumption.
http://www.legis.state.de.us/LIS/lis143.nsf/vwLegislation/SB+242/$file/legis.html?open
Title: S.B. 242
Source: Delaware Legislative Site

WIVetoed 01/2006P-12 Under current law, with certain exceptions, if a school board wishes to borrow money or exceed the revenue limit otherwise applicable to the school district, it must obtain the approval of the school district's electors at a referendum. A referendum authorizing borrowing may be held at a special election called for that purpose or at the next regularly scheduled primary or election held not earlier than 45 days after adopting the borrowing resolution. Similarly, a referendum to exceed the district's revenue limit may be held at a special election or at the next succeeding spring primary or election or September primary or election held not earlier than 42 days after the resolution to exceed the limit is filed.
This bill prohibits a school board from calling a special election for either purpose described above.
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2005/data/acts/05enSB0171.pdf
Title: S.B. 171
Source: http://www.legis.state.wi.us

WISigned into law 01/2006P-12Restricts the manner in which a school district may invest its funds and to whom it may delegate its investment authority.
Expands the investment authority and delegation of investment authority for all school districts with respect to funds that are held in trust, other than funds held in the Public Employee Trust Fund (ETF), solely to provide any of the following benefits: (1) post-employment health care benefits provided either separately or through a defined benefit pension plan; and (2) other post-employment benefits provided separately from a defined benefit pension plan. (Examples of the latter type are life insurance, long-term care, disability, and other benefits provided as compensation for services rendered.)
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2005/data/acts/05Act99.pdf
Title: A.B. 167 (Act No. 99)
Source: http://www.legis.state.wi.us

WISigned into law 01/2006P-12Relates to the investment by school districts of funds held in trust to provide post-employments benefits; relates to deferred compensation funds; provides that if a school board has established such trust, the required report shall state the amount in the trust, the investment return earned by the trust since the last annual meeting, the total of disbursements made from the trust since the last annual meeting and the names of the investment manager if investment authority has been delegated. http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2005/data/acts/05Act99.pdf
Title: A.B. 167 -- Act 99
Source: http://www.legis.state.wi.us

+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
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+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Finance
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+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
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+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
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+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
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+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
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+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
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+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
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+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
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+ Textbooks and Open Source