ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2007 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2007. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
- No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
LAAdopted 12/2007P-12Amends rules concerning Bulletin 111 - The Louisiana School, District, and State Accountability System. Sets the target graduation rate for schools at 65%. Separates the current School Improvement set of labels and remedies into two separate sets: (1) the "Academically Unacceptable Schools (AUS)" set, which is time-bound, and (2) the "Subgroup Component Failure (SCF)" set, which is in line with requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act. Accordingly, criteria for schools entering, moving within, and exiting these various levels of AUS and SCF are detailed, as are the related remedies.

Page 2593-2600: http://doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0712/0712.doc#_Toc185922091
Title: LAC 28:LXXXIII.301, 517, 613, 707, 709, 903, 1301, 1601-1609, 1901,2101, 2301, 2401, 2501-2505, 2701- 2721, 3301-3303, 3503, 3507, 3701, and 3905.
Source: doa.louisiana.gov

LAAdopted 10/2007P-12Revises Bulletin 111 - The Louisiana School, District, and State Accountability System (LAC Part Number LXXXIII).

Revises section 603 to include all students in the state-level cohort regardless or entry or exit dates.

Revises section 613 to clarify that schools cannot be awarded points for students designated as attendees if they are dropouts; changes the points awarded for School Performance Scores for students receiving TOPS award or completing TOPS programs; changes the points awarded for students receiving an academic endorsement.

Revises section 4313 to omit the District Responsibility Index label as a trigger for districts to enter District Improvement status; mandates timeframes for these districts to submit District Improvement Plans to the Louisiana Department of Education (LDE) and for the LDE to review require districts to implement these approved plans; describes sanctions for districts entering District Improvement in line with current law, requiring that they either implement a new curriculum, arrange for particular schools to come under public governance per R.S. 17:1990, or authorize students to transfer to a higher-performing public school operated
by another local educational agency after reaching an agreement with the other LEA.

See starting page 2031: http://doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0710/0710.doc#_Toc180395357
Title: LAC 28:LXXXIII.603, 613, and 4313
Source: www.lexis.com

WVAdopted 09/2007P-12Amends rules regarding standards, assessment, and accountability for student performance and progress. Incorporates 21st Century skills into the standards; revises the statewide assessment program; provides annual performance measures for the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001; revises the criteria for accreditation status; and provides an appeal process for on-site review findings in the accountability system.
Title: Title 126, Series 13
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

LAAdopted 07/2007P-12Amends the following Sections of Bulletin 111:
• §1301 Reward Eligibility: Changes one requirement for exemplary academic growth to 2.0 points improvement in a subgroup assessment index rather than growth in a subgroup performance score
• §4313 Corrective Actions: Adds detail for how school districts that have been identified for district improvement can exit corrective actions
• §4903 Local Superintendent and Board Responsibilities and §4905 Contracting and Employing a District Superintendent: Repeals both of these items, reflecting the legislature's repeal of C and D only of R.S. 17:10.6, Act 687, Reg. Session 2006.
http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0707/0707RUL.pdf
Title: LAC 28:LXXXIII.1301, 4313, 4903, and 4905
Source: www.doa.louisiana.gov

TXSigned into law 06/2007P-12Provides that a student who is sent to a juvenile detention facility or a residential program is not considered to be a student of the school district in which the program or facility is physically
located, ensuring that the performance of the students in those facilities and programs do not affect the accountability ratings of school districts.
http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/HB03092F.pdf
Title: H.B. 3092
Source: http://www.legis.state.tx.us

AZSigned into law 05/2007P-12Relates to accountability and standard measurements of acceptable academic progress. Adds provisions for calculating academic gains on the AIMS test for students in grades K-12 according to statutory classification statewide, for each school district and each school by determining the average scale scores for each student for the current year as compared to the previous year. Establishes that the State Department of Education and the Superintendent may develop a classification label for school districts and charter school operators based on the following four components: 1) Measures of academic progress; 2) pupil assessment data; 3) attendance rates and graduation rates of pupils who are educator in that charter school operator's charter school or in that school district's schools; 4) percentage of parents of pupils enrolled in that charter school or school district that categorizes the quality of their child's education as excellent on a parental rating of school quality. (Chapter No. 200)
http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/48leg/1r/summary/h.sb1522_05-09-07.doc.htm
Title: S.B. 1522
Source: http://www.azleg.gov

LAAdopted 04/2007P-12Replaces District Responsibility Index with District Responsibility Indicators to provide a more specific picture of how districts are to be held accountable. (Details of the District Accountability Release required clarification because of the 2005 hurricanes.) Pages 1-3 of 45: http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0704/0704rul.pdf
Title: LAC 28:LXXXIII.4301, 4302, 4310, 4311, 4313, 4315, 4503, and 4517
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

NMSigned into law 04/2007P-12Distinguishes a student's academic proficiency from the adequate yearly progress of public schools and school districts; conforms rankings of schools in need of improvement with federal requirements; provides a process for reopening failing schools as state-chartered charter schools; provides for the disaggregation of data by gender.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB0034.pdf
Title: H.B. 34
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us

NMVetoed 04/2007P-12Distinguishes a student's academic proficiency from the AYP of schools and districts. Conforms rankings of schools in need of improvement with Federal requirements. Provides a process for reopening failing schools as state-chartered charter schools. Provides the disaggregation of data by gender. Reconciles multiple Amendments to the same section of law in Laws 2005.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/SB0287.pdf
Title: S.B. 287
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us

NYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Requires every district with at least one school currently identified as requiring academic progress or in need of improvement or in corrective action or restructuring status to prepare a contract for excellence if the district receives an increase in total foundation aid compared to the base year in an amount that equals or exceeds either $15 million or 10% of the amount received in the base year, whichever is less, or receives a supplemental educational improvement plan grant. Provides that in the 2007-2008 school year, the increase must be the amount of the difference between total foundation aid received for the current year and the total foundation aid base. Provides that in New York City, a contract for excellence must be prepared for the city school district and for each community district that meets the above criteria.

Requires each contract for excellence to describe how the sum of amounts apportioned to the district in the current year, in total foundation aid and supplemental educational improvement plan grants, in excess of 103% of the district's foundation base, will be used to support new programs/activities or expand the use of programs/activities demonstrated to improve student achievement. Requires each contract for excellence to state, for all funding sources (federal/state/local), the instructional expenditures per pupil, the special education expenditures per pupil, and the total expenditures per pupil, projected for the current year and actually incurred in the base year. Provides each contract for excellence is subject to approval by the commissioner and his/her certification that the expenditure of additional aid or grant amounts is in accordance with these provisions. Provides the school district audit report certified to the commissioner by an independent certified public accountant, an independent accountant or the comptroller of the city of New York must include a certification by such accountant or comptroller and that the increases in total foundation aid and supplemental educational improvement plan grants have been used to supplement and not supplant funds allocated by the district in the base year for such purposes.

Requires the contract to specify the new or expanded programs for which additional foundation aid or grants will be used, and to affirm that such programs will predominately benefit students with the greatest educational needs, including limited English proficient students, students in poverty and students with disabilities.

Requires the contract in New York City to also include a plan to reduce average class sizes within five years. Provides the plan must also include class size reduction for low-performing and overcrowded schools and include the methods to be used to achieve such class sizes, such as the creation or construction of more classrooms and buildings, the placement of more than one teacher in a classroom, or other means.

Directs the commissioner to adopt regulations establishing allowable programs and activities to improve student achievement; directs that these are limited to class size reduction, programs that increase student time on task, teacher and principal quality initiatives, middle and high school restructuring, and full-day kindergarten or prekindergarten. Authorizes districts to use up to 15% of the additional funding they receive for experimental programs to demonstrate the efficacy of other strategies to improve student achievement. Provides that in the 2007-2008 school year, up to$30 million or 25% of such additional funding, whichever is less, may be used to maintain investments in commissioner-approved and other programs and activities to improve student achievement.

Directs the commissioner to assist districts that include in their contract for excellence the implementation of incentives, developed in collaboration with teachers in the collective bargaining process, for highly qualified and experienced teachers to work in low-performing schools, to ensure that such incentives are effective.

Requires a district contract for excellence developed in the 2008-2009 school year and thereafter to be developed through a public process, in consultation with parents, teachers, administrators, and any appointed distinguished educator. Requires this process to include at least one public hearing; requires this process in New York City to be held within each county of the city. Requires each community district contract for excellence in New York City to be consistent with the citywide contract for excellence, and to be submitted by the community superintendent to the community district education council for review and comment at a public meeting.

Requires the trustees or board of education, or New York City comptroller, of each district with a contract for excellence to assure that procedures are in place for parents to bring complaints concerning implementation of the district's contract for excellence.

Directs districts subject to contract for excellence provisions to publicly report the expenditure of total foundation aid in the form and manner prescribed by the commissioner, which must ensure full disclosure of such funds.

Directs the department to develop a methodology for all districts subject to contract for excellence provisions to report school-based expenditures.
http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=S02107&sh=t
Title: S.B. 2107 - Part A, Section 12
Source: assembly.state.ny.us

SDSigned into law 03/2007P-12Repeals provisions related to distribution of funds to school districts based on adequate yearly progress (§ 13-3-70 through 72).
http://legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2007/bills/SB67enr.pdf
Title: S.B. 67
Source: http://legis.state.sd.us

WVSigned into law 03/2007P-12From Fiscal Note: The purpose of this bill is to revise the standards, assessment and accountability system to accommodate the higher order thinking and learning skills consistent with the state's 21st Century Initiative. School and district improvement plans are to be electronic. The annual performance measures used for school and school system accreditation are separated from those required by the federal No Child Left Behind Act. The comprehensive statewide student assessment program will define a system of assessments to be administered under the direction of the state board. The assessment program is broadened to authorize formative assessments across the grade levels to support summative assessment, improve student achievement and promote 21st Century skills. The grade levels tested for calculating adequate yearly progress (AYP) would be 3 through 8 and 11.Allows the state board to require that student proficiencies be measured through the ACT EXPLORE and the ACT PLAN assessments or approved comparable assessments. Sets a uniform statewide assessment rate of at least 95% or the average of the participation rate for the current and the precenting two years is nine-five percent for the school, county and state. Another level of accreditation status is added for schools called "Distinguished" status, and the current "Seriously Impaired" status is renamed as "Low Performing" status.
http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Text_HTML/2007_SESSIONS/RS/BILLS/sb657%20enr.htm
Title: S.B. 657
Source: http://www.legis.state.wv.us

AKAdopted 02/2007P-12Amends rules to the Department of Education and Early Development. Deals with criteria for low income economic status students in school accountability subgroups. Sets time frame for excluding immigrant students from assessments. ALASKA 3482
http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats/AAC/Title04.htm
Title: 4 AAC 06.802, .805
Source: http://touchngo.com/lglcntr/akstats

LAAdopted 02/2007P-12Makes changes to the state accountability system to take advantage of new and existing flexibility outlined in guidance for No Child Left Behind and to address situations, including changes necessitated in response to the hurricanes of 2005, which were not considered when the accountability policy was initially written. Provides that a school in which a repeating 4th grade student or Option I 8th grade student scores at a higher achievement level on a LEAP test of math, English language arts, science or social studies than any previous attempt (of the same test) will receive 50 incentive points per improved subject in its accountability index. Allows a student to earn a maximum of 200 incentive points for his/her school. Also provides that a 4th or 8th grade student in a summer school program who scores at a higher achievement level on a LEAP test of math or English language arts than any previous attempt (of the same test) will earn 50 incentive points per improved subject.

Provides methodology for calculating a 9-12 assessment index. Provides that scores of an English language learner who has been enrolled in a U.S. school for less than one year not be included in school performance score calculations. Amends language regarding the annual measurable objective (AMO), safe harbor, inclusion of alternate assessment results and determinations of a student's proficiency in English. Amends provisions awarding schools and districts a one year exclusion from the subgroup component in accountability due to a natural disaster.

Pages 4-6 of 50: http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0702/0702rul.pdf
Title: LAC 28:LXXXIII.307, 409, 515, 703-707, 3905, 4001, and 4527
Source: www.doa.louisiana.gov

LAAdopted 02/2007P-12Makes various changes to state assessment system. Creates end-of-course tests, to be phased in over a period of six years starting in fall 2007, in the following:
1. Algebra I;
2. Geometry;
3. English I;
4. English II;
5. Biology;
6. American History;
7. Civics; and
8. Free Enterprise.

Sets limitations on the public release of assessment data when such a release might compromise student confidentiality. Amends test security policies. Amends policies related to erasure analysis on state assessments. Also amends policies to address suspected violations of test security and troubling content in written assessment responses. Adds provision regarding administrative errors by school personnel that result in a question regarding the security of the test or the accuracy of the test data.

Amends provisions related to English language development assessments for English language learners (ELLs) and assessment of students with disabilities, including assessment accommodations for ELLs and students with disabilities.

Provides that if a student is expelled from school and is not enrolled in any type of alternative program or receiving any services from the district, the parent may make a timely request that the student be tested and the district must make arrangements to test the student.

Pages 7- of 50: http://www.doa.louisiana.gov/osr/reg/0702/0702rul.pdf
Title: LAC 28:CXI.Chapters 1, 3, 5, 18, 23, 27, 33, and 35
Source: www.doa.louisiana.gov

+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Whole Child