ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2007 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2007. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
- State Longitudinal Data Systems
TXAdopted 12/2007P-12This item adopts new 19 TAC Chapter 95, Commissioner's Rules Concerning Education Research Centers, §95.1001, Operation of Education Research Centers. The adopted new section implements the Texas Education Code (TEC), §1.005, Education Research Centers; Sharing Student Information, added by House Bill (HB) 1, 79th Texas Legislature, Third Called Session, 2006, that requires the commissioner of education and the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to adopt rules for the use of student data at an education research center. The adopted new 19 TAC §95.1001, Operation of Education Research Centers, provides procedures for implementing education research centers to conduct research for the benefit of education in the state, including research relating to the impact of state and federal education programs, the performance of educator preparation programs, public school finance, and the best practices of school districts with regard to classroom instruction, bilingual education programs, special language programs, and business practices.
http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules/commissioner/adopted/1207/95-1001-ltradopt.htm
Title: 19 TAC Chapter 95
Source: http://www.tea.state.tx.us/rules

CASigned into law 10/2007P-12Requires the Office of Privacy Protection in the Department of Consumer Affairs to establish a task force to conduct a review of the use by all public and private colleges and universities in this state of social security numbers in order to recommend practices to minimize the collection, use, storage, and retention of social security numbers. Provides no person, entity or government agency shall record or file a document displaying more than the last 4 digits of a social security number. Relates to fees. Chapter 627
http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/07-08/bill/asm/ab_1151-1200/ab_1168_bill_20071013_chaptered.pdf

Title: A.B. 1168
Source: http://info.sen.ca.gov/

IASigned into law 09/2007P-12
Postsec.
Directs the department of education to conduct a study on the student information systems currently in use in the state, the types of data collected, and the future needs for additional types of data at the K-12 and postsecondary levels and for use by the state, including the use of electronic student transcripts to share with other K-12 and postsecondary institutions. Provides the study must examine the systems used by other states. Provides the study must focus on systems that will improve efficiency, accuracy, and security of, and access to, the data by various users. Directs the department to submit a report with its conclusions and recommendations to the general assembly by January 15, 2008.
http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=BillInfo&Service=Billbook&ga=82&hbill=HF468
Title: H.F. 468
Source: coolice.legis.state.ia.us

ILSigned into law 08/2007P-12Provides that a Health Data Task Force be convened to create a system for public access to integrated health data. Requires the state superintendent of education or his/her designee to serve on the task force. Directs the task force to produce a plan focusing on assuring access to improving the quality of data necessary to understand health disparities. Directs the task force to submit an initial report to the general assembly by July 1, 2008, and to make annual reports to by July 1 of each year through 2011 of the progress toward implementing the plan. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/SB/PDF/09500SB0547lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 547
Source: www.ilga.gov/legislation

ILSigned into law 08/2007P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Amends the Social Security Number Protection Task Force Act. Places the task force within the office of the attorney general, and makes the attorney general responsible for administering the activities of the task force.

Requires the task force to explore the technical and procedural changes needed to implement a unique identification number system to replace the use of social security numbers. Directs the task force to identify other states and local governments that have implemented a unique identification number system, and to make recommendations and devise procedures for creating a statewide unique identification number program. Directs the task force to report its findings and recommendations to the governor, the attorney general, the secretary of state, and the general assembly by December 31, 2007.

Increases membership of the task force to include, among others, a member appointed by the executive director of the board of higher education, and a member representing school administrators, appointed by the state superintendent of education.
http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/HB/PDF/09500HB0574lv.pdf
Title: H.B. 574
Source: www.ilga.gov/legislation

TXSigned into law 06/2007P-12From bill analysis: Provides that a school district that is required to offer bilingual education or special language programs shall include the following information in the district's Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) report: demographic information, as determined by the commissioner, on students enrolled in district bilingual education or special language programs; the number and percentage of students enrolled in each instructional model of a bilingual education or special language program offered by the district; and the number and percentage of students identified as students of limited English proficiency who do not receive specialized instruction.
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/SB01871F.pdf
Title: S.B. 1871
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 06/2007P-12From bill analysis: Establishes the High School Completion and Success Initiative in order to improve secondary school instruction in Texas. The initiative provides support to schools and districts in implementing curriculum and instruction improvements that align with state standards and expectations for post-secondary success. The initiative also includes technical assistance to assist schools and school districts in the implementation of successful secondary education programs that maximize the impact of all available funds, including high school allotment funds. Requires the Texas Education Agency (TEA), in coordination with the Legislative Budget Board, to establish an online clearinghouse of information relating to best practices of campuses and school districts regarding dropout prevention in addition to other areas previously set forth in this subsection.The bill also establishes the High School Completion and Success Initiative Council to develop and manage the implementation of a strategic plan that coordinates public and private high school improvement initiatives. The bill establishes a number of pilot programs intended to aid in reducing the state's high school dropout rate.
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/HB02237F.pdf
Title: H.B. 2237
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

COSigned into law 05/2007P-12Concerns a comprehensive review of the State's educational data infrastructure; makes an appropriation. Authorizes the Department of Education to contract for the conduct of a comprehensive review and study of the state's education data collections and technology infrastructure; requires the contractor to report its findings and recommendations to the State Board of Education; requires the state board to report the findings and recommendations to the legislature.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2007a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/CE67B54ED3A05D718725725D005DC383?open&file=1270_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1270
Source: Colorado Legislature

COSigned into law 05/2007P-12Concerns education data management.The state board of education will designate at least five districts, two cooperative service boards and a charter school to form a committee, known as the Education Data Advisory Committee (EDAC). The committee will work with the department to review district reporting requirments and make recommendations for improvement.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2007a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/5662930DE28B75258725727D0057CAAF?open&file=1320_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1320
Source: Colorado Legislature

TNSigned into law 05/2007P-12Present law requires that all students be assigned a personal identification number upon entry into a Tennessee public school. The number is the same as the student's social security number, which is required to be provided at the time of admission of a student into a district. Each class roll or other documents containing the composition of the student body at a particular school or class must contain the identification numbers of the students. This bill removes the requirements that districts be provided with social security numbers, that the identification number match the student's social security number, and that the identification numbers be included in class rolls or other documents. Each student would be assigned a personal identification number upon entry into a Tennessee public school.
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/HB2237.pdf
Title: H.B. 2237
Source: http://www.legislature.state.tn.us

ARSigned into law 04/2007P-12Section 41 provides for the electronic transmission of public school transcripts to correctly enroll and place students transferrred between high schools. The act also requires the Department of Educaiton to develop a uniform method of formatting and electronically transmitting transcripts to be used by public K-8 for enrolling and transferring students. (Act No. 1573)
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2007/public/SB274.pdf
Title: S.B. 274 (Student Records)
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

KYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Provides that for purposes of establishing a student's status as a truant, the student's attendance record is cumulative for an entire school year. Directs the state department of education to assure that the student information system facilitates the collection of student data and the transfer of education records among schools and districts. Directs a district to notify the Kentucky Department of Education when a new student enrolls in a school in the district. Directs the department, upon notification of a student's enrollment in a school, to forward all records for the student to the receiving district within 10 business days. http://www.lrc.ky.gov/RECORD/07RS/HB145/bill.doc
Title: H.B. 145
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

NMSigned into law 04/2007P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Directs the higher education department, in collaboration with public post-secondary educational institutions, to use the same student identification number issued to a New Mexico public school student for a student enrolled in a public post-secondary educational institution, including an off-campus instructional program or learning center.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/SB0211.pdf
Title: S.B. 211
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us/

NYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Directs the commissioner to evaluate the effectiveness of all teacher preparation programs in the state, and the timelines and costs of developing or modifying data systems to collect the necessary data. Provides the study must consider measuring the effectiveness of such programs, based on the academic performance of their students and graduates and through other measures. Directs the commissioner to consult with the chancellors of the State University of New York and the City University of New York, and other representatives of higher education. Directs the commissioner, upon completion of such study, to make recommendations to the board of regents on implementation of such methodologies.

Directs the board of regents to explore the development of a prekindergarten through postsecondary (P-16) data system that tracks student performance from prekindergarten through public colleges in the state, and links students to teachers. Directs the commissioner to consult with other relevant state department and agencies about the feasability of linking the system to other data collection systems containing information relevant to the education of children, including social services information; and to identify barriers to the exchange of data between the P-16 system and social services and other systems under their control and collaborate to facilitate the free exchange of data. Provides such data system must be maintained consistent with applicable confidentiality requirements. Directs the commissioner to report to the board of regents on activities conducted regarding the development of said data system.
http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=S02107&sh=t
Title: S.B. 2107 - Part A, Section 4
Source: assembly.state.ny.us

WASigned into law 04/2007P-12Finds that: (1) Reliable data on student progress, characteristics of students and schools, and teacher qualifications and mobility is critical for accountability to the state and to the public; (2) Educational data should be made available as widely as possible while appropriately protecting the privacy of individuals as provided by law; (3) School districts and the office of the superintendent of public instruction need robust and compatible data systems and programs to reduce inefficiencies caused by the lack of connectivity and to minimize or eliminate multiple data entry; and (4) Schools and districts should be supported in their management of educational data and should have access to user-friendly programs and reports that can be readily used by classroom teachers and building principals to improve instruction. (Background: In 2002, the state office began developing the Core Student Record System (CSRS), which assigns each student a unique student identification number and collects demographic and other information to comply with the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).)

Requires the office of the superintendent of public instruction to, to the extent funds are appropriated for this purpose, conduct a feasibility study on establishing a statewide longitudinal student-teacher data system. The primary purpose of the data system is to better aid research into programs and interventions that are most effective in improving student performance and to provide information on areas within the educational system that need improvement. Requires a preliminary set of data elements to be developed by the office of the superintendent of public instruction by December 2007. The feasibility study shall include conducting pilot studies on the collection of this preliminary set of identified data elements in two school districts, with one over twenty thousand in full-time equivalent enrollment and the other less than two thousand in full-time equivalent enrollment.

Requires that, by November 1, 2008, the office of the superintendent of public instruction shall provide a final report on the results of the feasibility study, including the results from the pilot studies, to the appropriate policy and fiscal committees of the legislature. Authorizes the office of superintendent of public instruction to establish a longitudinal student data system for and on behalf of school districts in the state. Personally identifiable student data will be safeguarded consistent with the requirements of the federal family educational rights privacy act and any relevant state laws. Consistent with privacy protections in the above-referenced laws, data may be disclosed for educational purposes and studies, including but are not limited to: (1) Educational studies authorized or mandated by the state legislature; (2) Studies initiated by other state educational authorities and authorized by the office of superintendent of public instruction; (3) Studies initiated by other state agencies and authorized by the office of superintendent of public instruction; and (4) Studies initiated by private study groups authorized
by the office of superintendent of public instruction. Requires any group or agency that utilizes this data to adhere to federal and state laws protecting student data and safeguarding the confidentiality and privacy of student records.
http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2007-08/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5843-S2.PL.pdf
Title: S.B. 5843
Source: http://www.leg.wa.gov

ARSigned into law 03/2007P-12Requires the Department of Education to provide the Bureau of Legislative Research with direct access to certain electronic databases; requires the department provide the bureau with direct read and report only access to the data warehouse concerning school districts and related records; requires the department to take reasonable precautions to prevent disclosure of personally identifiable information of a student unless it is released by a parent or guardian or a student that is no longer a minor. (Act No. 624)
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2007/public/HB2268.pdf
Title: H.B. 2268
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

COSigned into law 03/2007P-12Creates the Effective Teachers Commission to study development of a teacher identifer system. A primary purpose of the identifier system would be to document and track teacher qualifications across and within districts to address the "teacher quality gap."
http://www.leg.state.co.us/Clics/Clics2007A/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/A2C0BE7DED4EE84487257251007D582B?Open&file=140_enr.pdf
Title: S.B. 140
Source: Colorado Legislature

SDSigned into law 02/2007P-12Revises provisions regarding data submission. Requires any school district or school seeking state accreditation shall submit enrollment data, personnel data, and verify all state and federal standards for accreditation and approval of schools, including those related to safety and educational equity of the school district or school by October fifteenth of each year.
http://www.legis.state.sd.us/sessions/2007/bills/HB1034enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1034
Source: http://www.legis.state.sd.us

+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Whole Child