ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2007 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2007. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
- STEM
OHIssued 10/2007Postsec.(Executive Order 2007-33) Suspends normal rulemaking procedures and makes the rules governing the administration of the Research Scholars Program effective as of October 30, 2007. The Research Scholars Program is the program through which the chancellor may make awards to the State's colleges, universities, or non-profit entities for programs and initiatives that increase the quality and capacity of cutting edge research in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathmatics and Medicine.
http://governor.ohio.gov/Portals/0/Executive%20Order%202007-34S.pdf
Title: Executive Order No. 34S
Source: http://governor.ohio.gov

OHSigned into law 10/2007P-12Establishes the STEM Subcommittee of the Partnership for Continued Learning; sets governance; authorizes the subcommittee to accept proposals and approve grants to up to five STEM schools that will serve any of grades 6-12 to open for instruction in FY 2009.requires STEM teachers to be highly qualified but allows a BA or five years of work experience in the subject being taught to teach in a STEM school for up to 40 hours per week. Requires state board to issue a two-year provisionsal and a professional educator license for teaching science, technology, engineering or math in grades 6-12 in a STEM school.
Title: H.B. 119 - STEM Provisions
Source: Digest of Enactments 2007

MAIssued 08/2007P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Establishes the Readiness Project to develop a plan to implement fundamental and systemic reforms to public education in the Commonwealth over the next ten years. The project will have three chairs appointed by the Governor. 

The plan will include recommendations to:
(1) Deliver universal and high quality early education for three- and four-year-olds as well as Full-Day kindergarten;
(2) Expand time for teaching and learning in primary and secondary schools;
(3) Extend education an additional two years beyond secondary school to better prepare students for higher education, work and citizenship;
(4) Align curricula from pre-Kindergarten through high school, higher education and work force development, including with an emphasis on science, technology, engineering and math as well as other subjects and methods that enhance creativity and problem-solving skills;
(5) Structure and support a reasonable degree of school choice, including charter and pilot schools, so that all serve as complementary components of a comprehensive system; (6) Recruit, retain and develop strong educators and administrators at all levels;
(7) Streamline and strengthen teacher certification and licensing;
(8) Improve the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System and introduce additional appropriate standards and assessments to measure other aspects of students' academic development;
(9) Fund the education system adequately, equitably and reliably, including for students with special educational needs;
(10) Facilitate collaboration between and among the Commonwealth's public and private institutions of higher education;
(11) Strengthen the structure and clarify the mission of the institutions that comprise the University of Massachusetts system and all public higher education institutions in the Commonwealth;
(12) Implement an effective and efficient accountability system for students, instructors and administrators from pre-Kindergarten through higher education that enables authorities both to review performance and to target assistance where it is most needed; and
(13) Leverage information technology throughout the system to improve instruction, student acquisition of skills, administrative processes, and the quality of and access to data. implements fundamental and systemic reforms to public education in the Commonwealth over the next 10 years.
http://www.mass.gov/Agov3/docs/Executive%20Orders/executive_order_489.pdf
Title: Executive Order No. 489
Source: http://www.mass.gov

AZSigned into law 06/2007Postsec.Relates to establishment of new campuses of the State University System; implements the FY 2007-08 higher education budget; relates to capital projects of, and contracting by, entities of the State Board of Higher Education; expands the tribal community college tax transfer, establishes the Mathematics, Science, and Special Education Teacher Student Loan Program. Chapter No. 265
http://www.azleg.gov/FormatDocument.asp?inDoc=/legtext/48leg/1r/summary/h.hb2791_06-18-07_astransmittedtogovernor.doc.htm
Title: H.B. 2791
Source: http://www.azleg.gov

FLSigned into law 06/2007P-12
Postsec.
Creates the State Career and Professional Education Act to improve academic performance and to respond to workforce needs; requires a school district to develop strategic plans to address and meet local and regional workforce needs and to establish a career and professional academy; requires career courses lead to industry certification; requires a specified number of students must achieve certification or college credit for a course to continue; provides for transfer of credits to state university system.
http://www.flsenate.gov/data/session/2007/Senate/bills/billtext/pdf/s1232er.pdf
Title: S.B. 1232
Source: Florida Legislature

HISigned into law 06/2007Postsec.Eliminates references to the Office of Space Industry. Creates the Office of Aerospace Development to coordinate space activities and identify and promote opportunities for expanding and diversifying aerospace-related industries in the state, which may include a Pacific International Center for space exploration system. States that the director of the office will assist the University of Hawaii, companies, research institutions, and other organizations in establishing partnerships with corporate, government, and university entities that can enhance the state's aerospace industry. Also directs the director of the office to:

--Leverage aerospace and related technological capabilities in the state's academic, public, and private sectors to enhance the state's ability to procure both federal and private research and development grants and to increase the state's competitiveness in national and global aerospace markets
--Promote innovative education and workforce development programs that will enhance public awareness of the state's aerospace potential and enable residents to pursue employment in Hawaii's aerospace industry
--Monitor national and global trends in the aerospace industry and recommend programs and policies that can support aerospace industry development statewide.

Eliminates some of the former duties of the Office of Space Industry. Makes an appropriation.
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/Bills/SB907_CD1_.htm
Title: S.B. 907
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

COSigned into law 05/2007P-12Establishes the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics ("STEM") after-school education pilot grant program ("grant program") in the office of economic development. Allows a provider that coordinates STEM after-school education programs to apply for a grant to defray the administrative and personnel costs associated with coordinating the programs and to directly support secondary schools' participation in the programs.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2007a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/144854E94C771F3787257251007D5303?open&file=1243_ren.pdf
Title: H.B. 1243
Source: Colorado Legislature

HISigned into law 05/2007P-12Directs the department of education to establish and administer a career and technical education program that meets the requirements of the federal Perkins Act of 2006.  Provides the department's program may include:
     (1)  Pathway programs of study, including but not limited to natural resources, graphic design, computer networking, and management information systems;
     (2)  Academies for various focuses of study, including the performing arts, travel, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics;
     (3)  An agriculture education program;
     (4)  Specialized programs, including project EAST (environmental and spatial technology); and
     (5)  Other school activities, including robotics.
Provides the department's program may be offered jointly by or in partnership between the department, the University of Hawaii, including its community colleges, or other public or private entities.

Requires agriculture education program (formerly vocational agriculture) to be aligned with the natural resources career pathway. Directs the agriculture education program to coordinate with culinary arts programs to teach students healthy eating habits and encourage culinary arts, farming, diversified agriculture, and related fields such as market development and science and technology, as career options.  Directs the department of agriculture to assist the department with the implementation of this program. Directs the department of education to consult with the department of agriculture and the University of Hawaii's college of tropical agriculture and human resources and college of education in the development and implementation of the agriculture education program.

Establishes the Hawaii excellence through science and technology academy pilot program to be administered by Kauai community college, in partnership with the department of education, at two public schools.  Provides the purpose of the pilot program is to establish science, technology, engineering, and mathematics academies, which may include an applied learning focus, at the public schools and to add resources and support to the department of education to increase the readiness and motivation of Hawaii high school graduates to pursue post-secondary training and career options in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines.
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/Bills/SB885_CD1_.htm
Title: S.B. 885 (Section 1-10)
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

TXSigned into law 05/2007P-12Requires the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board to design and administer a one-week summer program to take place on campuses that offer engineering degree programs
and establish and administer a degree scholarship program for students who graduate with certain credentials.
http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/HB02978F.pdf
Title: H.B. 2978
Source: http://www.legis.state.tx.us

ARSigned into law 04/2007P-12Makes an appropriation to the State Science and Technology Authority for the STEM Coalition for the research and development of a plan concerning the improvements of laboratory facilities and enhanced learning environmentals for the teaching of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, in K-12 school facilities. (Act No. 1024)
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2007/public/HB1682.pdf
Title: H.B. 1682
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

NMSigned into law 04/2007P-12
Postsec.
Creates the Alliance for Underrepresented Students at New Mexico State University. The purposes of the alliance are to: (1) promote science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education and retention at the undergraduate and graduate level for underrepresented students; (2) engage in research on and development of programs that support student retention and achievement; (3) disseminate knowledge acquired through education and retention programs; and (4) collaborate with and provide assistance to k-12 grade educators and postsecondary educational institutions to support STEM education and student achievement.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/SB0422.pdf
Title: S.B. 422
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us/

NMVetoed 04/2007Postsec.
Community College
Broadens the scope of university research and economic development. Forges links between New Mexico's educational institutions, business and industrial communities and government through the development of research parks on university property. Engages in other cooperative ventures of innovative technological significance that will advance education, science, research, conservation, health care or economic development within the state.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB0900.pdf
Title: H.B. 900
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us

UTSigned into law 04/2007Postsec.Modifies the recognized purposes of the Centers of Excellence Act to include facilitating the transition of research generated technologies from the state's colleges and universities into industry to grow and expand the state's economy; provides that, in addition to state colleges and universities, Centers of Excellence grants may be awarded to companies who are working in partnership with colleges and universities and their researchers to transition their research generated technologies into industry for economic development; provides that a repayment by a college or university of grant proceeds or a portion of grant proceeds shall come only from the proceeds of a license established between the company and the college or university, or in the case of a company that receives a grant, from the proceeds of the license to that company; and provides that the Governor's Office of Economic Development may enter into work agreements with business team consultants, who would assist colleges and universities in facilitating the transition of technology into industry. http://le.utah.gov/~2007/bills/hbillenr/hb0125.htm
Title: H.B. 125
Source: http://www.le.state.ut.us/

WASigned into law 04/2007P-12
Postsec.
Establishes the GET ready for math and science scholarship program. The purpose of the program is to provide scholarships to students who achieve level four on the mathematics or science portions of the tenth grade Washington assessment of student learning or achieve a score in the math section of the SAT or the math section of the ACT that is above the ninety-fifth percentile, major in a mathematics, science, or related field in college, and commit to working in mathematics, science, or a related field for at least three years in Washington following completion of their bachelor's degree. The program shall be administered by the nonprofit organization selected as the private partner in the publicprivate partnership.

Requires the office of the superintendent of public instruction to: (1) Notify elementary, middle, junior high, high school, and school district staff and administrators, and the children's administration of the department of social and health services about the GET ready for math and science scholarship program using methods in place for communicating with schools and school districts; and (2) Provide data showing the race, ethnicity, income, and other available demographic information of students who achieve level four of the math and science Washington assessment of student learning in the tenth grade. Compare those data with comparable information on the tenth grade student population as a whole. Submit a report with the analysis to the committees responsible for education and higher education in the legislature on December 1st of evennumbered years.

Provides that school districts shall: (1) Notify parents, teachers, counselors, and principals about the GET ready for math and science scholarship program through existing channels. Notification methods may include, but are not limited to, regular school district and building communications, online scholarship bulletins and announcements, notices posted on school walls and bulletin boards, information available in each counselor's office, and school or district scholarship information sessions. (2) Provide each student who achieves level four on the
mathematics or science high school Washington assessment of student learning with information regarding the scholarship program and how to contact the program administrator.

http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2007-08/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1779-S2.PL.pdf
Title: H.B. 1779
Source: http://www.leg.wa.gov

WASigned into law 04/2007Postsec.
Community College
Establishes a committee on the education of students in high demand fields. The committee consists of: (1) two members of the House of Representatives; (2) two members of the Senate; (3) one person representing the Higher Education Coordinating Board; (4) one person representing the State Board for Community and Technical Colleges; (5) one person representing the Workforce Training and Education Coordinating Board; (6) one person representing the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction; and (7) one person representing each of the following: the labor council; the council of presidents; the prosperity partnership; the council of faculty representatives; an employer; and a graduate student member of the Washington student lobby. The committee: (1) develops a plan to increase the capacity of Washington institutions of higher education by 10,000 students per year by 2020 to produce degrees in high impact, high demand areas of study; (2) develops a marketing project to inform students, parents, and educators of opportunities in high demand fields; (3) investigates ways to motivate students to take more mathematics and science courses; and (4) identifies ways that the business community can enter into more partnerships with the state to ensure that Washington institutions of higher education produce graduates in high demand fields that are ready and able to find employment in Washington. The committee reports its findings and recommendations to the Legislature by December 1, 2007.
http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2007-08/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/5731-S.PL.pdf
Title: S.B. 5731
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ARSigned into law 03/2007P-12
Postsec.
Provides for the promotion of economic development by creating a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Fund to increases the state's ability to compete for jobs in the twenty-first century; provides the fund is created for the purpose of retaining, recruiting and attracting competent teachers is those fields by providing industry- competitive incomes to certified, qualified teachers who teach in those subject areas. (Act No. 564)
ftp://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/bills/2007/public/HB2414.pdf
Title: H.B. 2414
Source: ftp://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

UTSigned into law 02/2007Postsec.Provides for an engineering partnership between Weber State University and Utah State University to meet the demand for electrical engineers in the state, including the demand at Hill Air Force Base, and appropriates funds for the partnership. http://le.utah.gov/~2007/bills/sbillint/sb0053.htm
Title: S.B. 53
Source: http://www.le.state.ut.us/

+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Whole Child