ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2007 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2007. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
- Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
ILSigned into law 08/2007P-12Creates the Teacher Homebuyer Assistance Act. Subject to appropriation, requires the Illinois Housing Development Authority to establish and administer a program to provide down-payment assistance to public school teachers who teach in hard-to-staff schools or hard-to-staff positions for purchasing residences within the school district. Changes the definition of hard-to-staff school to mean a school that ranks in the upper third of schools in the state in the number of teachers who leave their positions. Defines "hard to staff position" as a teaching category (such as special education, mathematics, or science) in which statewide data indicates a multi-year pattern of substantial teacher shortage or that has been identified as a critical need by the school board. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/SB/PDF/09500SB1224lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 1224
Source: www.ilga.gov/legislation

ILSigned into law 08/2007P-12Amends the Grow Your Own Teacher Education Act regarding the definition of hard-to-staff school. Changes the term "target schools" to "eligible schools". Provides that in any fiscal year in which an appropriation for the Grow Your Own Teacher Education Initiative is made, the consortium shall guarantee that support will be available to an admitted cohort for the cohort's training for that fiscal year. Provides that among indirect expenses included are transportation, tutoring, technology and technology support. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/SB/PDF/09500SB0446lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 446
Source: www.ilga.gov/legislation

NYVetoed 08/2007P-12Allows retired members of the New York city police pension fund to collect their pensions while providing teaching service in the city of New York; provides such member must waive the right to earn a pension or pension credits during the term of subsequent public service. http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=S03994&sh=t
Title: S.B. 3994
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

HIBecame law without governor's signature 07/2007P-12Amends eligibility requirements for the Hawaii educator loan program. Adds that loans will be awarded to teaching candidates as well as existing teachers who agree to teach as a full-time teacher for a period of time to be determined by the University prior to the award of a loan, and who agree to teach in:
(1)  A hard-to-fill position including special education, regular education shortage categories, or Title 1 schools; or
(2)  At a school located in a rural area, as determined by the superintendent of education.

Provides loan forgiveness as follows:
     (1)  10% of the loan amount and interest must be waived every year for the first five years of repayment; and
     (2) 25% of the loan amount and interest must be waived every year for the sixth and seventh years of repayment.
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/Bills/HB777_CD1_.htm
Title: H.B. 777
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

LASigned into law 07/2007P-12Provides for a $1,000 individual income tax credit in 2007 and 2008 for teachers re-employed by a school board in certain parishes which have been impacted by Hurricane Katrina. Provides that, in order to qualify for the deduction, the public school classroom teacher must agree in writing to be employed as a public school classroom teacher for at least three years.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=449950
Title: H.B. 847
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

NCSigned into law 07/2007P-12Allows National Board Certified Teachers who serve as mentors, literacy coaches, or in other instructional leadership positions at high needs schools to retain the salary increment for National Board for Professional Teaching Standards certification. Allows National Board Certified Teachers, teachers of the year, and other accomplished teachers to use research-based practices in the classroom.
http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/2007/Bills/Senate/HTML/S1479v0.html
Title: S.B. 1479
Source: http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/

HISigned into law 06/2007P-12Provides an additional $5,000 bonus per year for each national board-certified teacher who teaches at:
         (A)  A school that is in restructuring under the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB);
         (B)  A school with a high turnover rate, as determined by the department;
         (C)  A school that is not making adequate yearly progress, but is not in restructuring under NCLB; or
         (D)  A hard-to-fill school, as determined by the department. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/Bills/HB24_CD1_.htm
Title: H.B. 24
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

NVSigned into law 06/2007P-12Revises provisions governing the inclusion of certain information in the biennial budget request for the state distributive school account for submission to the department of administration based upon the annual budgets submitted by the school districts. Creates the Grant Fund for Incentives for licensed educational personnel and requires the board of trustees of each school district to establish a program of incentive pay for certain employees of the school district. Individuals eligible for grant: (1) Licensed teachers, school psychologists, school librarians, school counselors and administrators employed at the school level who have been employed in that category of position for at least 5 years in the state or another state and who are employed in schools which are at-risk; and (2) Teachers who hold an endorsement in the field of mathematics, science, special education, English as a second language or other area of need within the school district, as determined by the state superintendent.
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/23rdSpecial/Bills/AB/AB1_EN.pdf
Title: A.B. 1A
Source: http://www.leg.state.nv.us

OKSigned into law 06/2007P-12Relates to the Education Leadership Oklahoma program; requires the Commission for Teacher Preparation to emphasize recruiting efforts toward teachers at high-poverty schools, low-achieving schools and in counties with the lowest percentage of teachers who have achieved National Board certification; specifies criteria for minimum number of scholarship recipients (up to 400 teachers of whom a minimum of twenty-five percent (25%) teach at schools on the school improvement list) as determined by the State Board of Education pursuant to the No Child Left Behind Act or schools with more than fifty percent (50%) of students who qualify for the free and reduced price lunch program; deletes certain implementation contingency provision; provides an effective date; declares an emergency; emphasizes recruiting efforts toward teachers at high-poverty schools, low-achieving schools and in counties with the lowest percentage of teachers with certification.
http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/2007-08bills/SB/SB586_ENR.RTF
Title: S.B. 586
Source: http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us

MTSigned into law 05/2007P-12Creates a quality educator loan assistance program administered by the board of regents through the office of the commissioner of higher education. The program must provide for the direct repayment of educational loans of eligible quality educators in accordance with policies and procedures adopted by the board of regents in accordance with this bill.
http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/specsess/0507/billhtml/SB0002.htm
Title: S.B. 2A (Teacher Recruitment)
Source: http://data.opi.mt.gov/

IDSigned into law 04/2007P-12Authorizes the Superintendent of Public Instruction to expend $100,000 of a state appropriation to conduct a study and develop plans that address the challenges of rural schools including, but not limited to, the issues of declining enrollment, inefficiencies in administration and service delivery, and recruitment of qualified teachers. Session Law Chapter 352
http://www3.state.id.us/oasis/S1236.html
Title: S.B. 1236 (Section 7)
Source: www3.state.id.us

NYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Requires every district with at least one school currently identified as requiring academic progress or in need of improvement or in corrective action or restructuring status to prepare a contract for excellence if the district receives an increase in total foundation aid compared to the base year in an amount that equals or exceeds either $15 million or 10% of the amount received in the base year, whichever is less, or receives a supplemental educational improvement plan grant. Provides that in the 2007-2008 school year, the increase must be the amount of the difference between total foundation aid received for the current year and the total foundation aid base. Provides that in New York City, a contract for excellence must be prepared for the city school district and for each community district that meets the above criteria.

Requires each contract for excellence to describe how the sum of amounts apportioned to the district in the current year, in total foundation aid and supplemental educational improvement plan grants, in excess of 103% of the district's foundation base, will be used to support new programs/activities or expand the use of programs/activities demonstrated to improve student achievement. Requires each contract for excellence to state, for all funding sources (federal/state/local), the instructional expenditures per pupil, the special education expenditures per pupil, and the total expenditures per pupil, projected for the current year and actually incurred in the base year. Provides each contract for excellence is subject to approval by the commissioner and his/her certification that the expenditure of additional aid or grant amounts is in accordance with these provisions. Provides the school district audit report certified to the commissioner by an independent certified public accountant, an independent accountant or the comptroller of the city of New York must include a certification by such accountant or comptroller and that the increases in total foundation aid and supplemental educational improvement plan grants have been used to supplement and not supplant funds allocated by the district in the base year for such purposes.

Requires the contract to specify the new or expanded programs for which additional foundation aid or grants will be used, and to affirm that such programs will predominately benefit students with the greatest educational needs, including limited English proficient students, students in poverty and students with disabilities.

Requires the contract in New York City to also include a plan to reduce average class sizes within five years. Provides the plan must also include class size reduction for low-performing and overcrowded schools and include the methods to be used to achieve such class sizes, such as the creation or construction of more classrooms and buildings, the placement of more than one teacher in a classroom, or other means.

Directs the commissioner to adopt regulations establishing allowable programs and activities to improve student achievement; directs that these are limited to class size reduction, programs that increase student time on task, teacher and principal quality initiatives, middle and high school restructuring, and full-day kindergarten or prekindergarten. Authorizes districts to use up to 15% of the additional funding they receive for experimental programs to demonstrate the efficacy of other strategies to improve student achievement. Provides that in the 2007-2008 school year, up to$30 million or 25% of such additional funding, whichever is less, may be used to maintain investments in commissioner-approved and other programs and activities to improve student achievement.

Directs the commissioner to assist districts that include in their contract for excellence the implementation of incentives, developed in collaboration with teachers in the collective bargaining process, for highly qualified and experienced teachers to work in low-performing schools, to ensure that such incentives are effective.

Requires a district contract for excellence developed in the 2008-2009 school year and thereafter to be developed through a public process, in consultation with parents, teachers, administrators, and any appointed distinguished educator. Requires this process to include at least one public hearing; requires this process in New York City to be held within each county of the city. Requires each community district contract for excellence in New York City to be consistent with the citywide contract for excellence, and to be submitted by the community superintendent to the community district education council for review and comment at a public meeting.

Requires the trustees or board of education, or New York City comptroller, of each district with a contract for excellence to assure that procedures are in place for parents to bring complaints concerning implementation of the district's contract for excellence.

Directs districts subject to contract for excellence provisions to publicly report the expenditure of total foundation aid in the form and manner prescribed by the commissioner, which must ensure full disclosure of such funds.

Directs the department to develop a methodology for all districts subject to contract for excellence provisions to report school-based expenditures.
http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=S02107&sh=t
Title: S.B. 2107 - Part A, Section 12
Source: assembly.state.ny.us

NYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Creates science and mathematics tuition reimbursement program. Provides that of the amount appropriated for grants to schools for the 2007-2008 school year and thereafter, $5 million must be made available for a science and mathematics tuition reimbursement program developed by the commissioner. Provides the aim of the program is to attract qualified teachers who have received or will receive a transitional teaching certificate, to teach mathematics or science in a low-performing school.
http://assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=s2107
Title: S.B. 2107 - Part B, Section 36
Source: assembly.state.ny.us

ILAdopted 02/2007P-12Clarifies rules regarding the "Grow Your Own" program. Amends definitions of "hard-to-staff school" and "hard-to-staff teaching position" to make it clear that only schools serving a substantial percentage of low-income students, and positions in such schools, would be considered for inclusion in this program. Adds rules authorizing the state superintendent to defer or waive an individual's obligation to repay an amount due if an individual meets any of specified criteria:

(1) Individual is counseled out of a preparation program or found ineligible to continue (waiver).
(2) Individual drops out of a preparation program or demonstrates that he or she is unable to complete a portion of the required teaching service due
to:
(A) the onset or exacerbation of a disability;
(B) the need to care for an immediate family member during serious illness or disability;
(C) destruction of the individual's residence; or
(D) other circumstances that require the individual to assume responsibilities that cannot be avoided without serious financial hardship or other family disruption (e.g., death of a spouse that results in the need to take a second job or assume operation of a business). (waiver)

(3) Candidate does not complete a preparation program due to the unavailability of a state appropriation for this initiative for at least two consecutive years. (waiver)
(4) Individual:
(A) is unemployed or is working for fewer than 30 hours per week;
(B) is experiencing a financial hardship (e.g., receiving public assistance, earning an amount per month that is no greater than 200 percent of the amount of the loan payment, or experiencing other circumstances; or
(C) has re-enrolled as a full-time student in an institution of higher education or in a program. (deferral)

Pages 367-376 of 399 http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/index/register/register_volume31_issue9.pdf
Title: 23 IAC 60.20, .80, .90, .100
Source: www.cyberdriveillinois.com

GAAdopted 01/2007P-12Establishes rules regarding the Title IIA Program Grant, which distributes funds for schools with a proven spending record of Title IIA funds to develop and support specific programs to improve teaching quality, the number of highly qualified teachers and equitable access to highly qualified teachers for all students in the state during the 2006-2007 school year. Provides that districts with the lowest percentage of highly qualified teachers will be given priority in grant awards.
http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/160/1/4/200/73.pdf
Title: GAC 160-1-4-.273
Source: rules.sos.state.ga.us

+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Whole Child