ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2008 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2008. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
- School Safety
ILSigned into law 12/2008P-12School Council Members, Law Enforcement Drills
S.B. 2688
Amends Chicago School District Article of School Code. Provides if the child of a parent school council member dies during term in office, t...

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MASigned into law 12/2008P-12Idling of Vehicles on School Grounds
S.B. 2628
Improves school campus air quality; restricts idling of school buses and personal motor vehicles on school grounds.
http://www.mass.gov/legi...

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MASigned into law 12/2008P-12Bus Driver Training in First Aid
H.B. 4396
Relates to the licensing of school bus drivers; requires such drivers to be trained in a basic course in first aid including the administrat...

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UTAdopted 11/2008P-12Gang Prevention and Intervention Programs in Schools
R277-436
Provides maximum funding for gang prevention programs that serve students....

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ILSigned into law 10/2008Community CollegeUse of Community College Buildings During an Emergency
S.B. 2690
Authorizes the board of trustees of a community college district to make the buildings of a community college available for emergency purpos...

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CASigned into law 09/2008Postsec.safe schools
A.B. 2470
Relates to existing law which makes it a crime for persons to possess specified weapons on the grounds of any University. Expands that prohi...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12Safe schools
A.B. 3015
Requires the training for group home administrators, licensed foster parents and relative caretakers to also include basic instruction of th...

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CASigned into law 09/2008Postsec.Postsecondary safety
S.B. 361
Requires that reports submitted to the Legislature by the State Postsecondary Education Commission be submitted to specified committees and ...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12School safety
A.B. 352
Amends existing law that makes it an offense to openly display or expose a imitation firearm in a public place. Includes public schools with...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12safe schools
S.B. 1666
Defines and expands the distance of Safe School Zones. Specifies the term school includes any public or private school. Amends existing law ...

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NYSigned into law 09/2008P-12Internet Safety and Cyber-Bullying
S.B. 7051
Requires the commissioner of education to develop resources and technical assistance for schools to provide to students in grades 3-12 and t...

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NYSigned into law 09/2008Postsec.
Community College
Campus Security Officers
S.B. 6949
Expands the powers granted to appointed campus security officers; provides that such officers may issue appearance tickets and a navigation ...

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ILSigned into law 08/2008P-12Internet Safety Education
S.B. 2512
Relates to Internet safety education curriculum. Beginning with the 2009-2010 school year, requires districts to incorporate an age-appropri...

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ILSigned into law 08/2008Postsec.
Community College
Higher Education Emergency Response Plans
S.B. 2691
Amends the Campus Security Enhancement Act. Requires each institution of higher education in the state to develop an emergency response plan...

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DESigned into law 07/2008P-12Placement in Alternative Education
H.B. 326
Establishes a presumption that students 16 years of age and younger who are expelled or suspended pending expulsion by a local school distri...

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DESigned into law 07/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Weapons in School Zone
H.B. 277
Relates to possession of a weapon in a safe school and recreation zone; clarifies that the affirmative defense only applies to weapons which...

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ILSigned into law 07/2008P-12
Postsec.
Sexual Assault Awareness Education
H.B. 3677
Provides that a comprehensive health education program must include sexual assault awareness in secondary schools. Requires universities and...

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LASigned into law 07/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Body Armor on School Property
H.B. 1153
Prohibits a student or nonstudent from wearing or possessing body armor on school property. Defines "school" as any elementary, secondary, h...

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RISigned into law 07/2008P-12Electronic Bullying
H.B. 7213
Expands the definition of harassment, intimidation or bullying within the student discipline codes to include harassment, intimidation or bu...

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RISigned into law 07/2008P-12Conflict Resolution
H.B. 7569
Allows training programs in school districts or public schools to teach pupils to resolve conflict without violence, training school staff t...

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RISigned into law 07/2008P-12No Proximity for Sex Offenders
S.B. 2328
Makes it a felony for any registered sex offender to be within five hundred feet of any public or private school; provides penalties.
http:/...

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CTSigned into law 06/2008P-12Bullying and Student Discipline
H.B. 5826
Relates to a school learning environment; provides for in-school suspensions; requires a policy to address bullying in schools; provides tha...

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CTSigned into law 06/2008Postsec.
Community College
Awareness/Intervention Related to College Students w/ Mental Illness
S.B. 467
Requires each constituent unit of the state system of higher education and each independent college or university to submit a plan to the De...

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FLSigned into law 06/2008P-12Bullying Prevention and Policies
H.B. 669
Relates to school safety; prohibits bullying and harassment; creates the Jeffrey Johnson Stand Up for All Students Act which prohibits bully...

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LASigned into law 06/2008P-12Orientation on Disciplinary Rules and Student Conduct
H.B. 754
Beginning with the 2008-2009 school year, requires the governing authority of an elementary or secondary school to provide every student an ...

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LASigned into law 06/2008P-12Parent Participation in Rehabilitation or Counseling
H.B. 361
Provides that no student who has been expelled from any school for possessing weapons or drugs shall be admitted or readmitted to any public...

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LASigned into law 06/2008P-12Battery of a School Teacher
H.B. 757
For purposes of R.S. 14:34.3 and R.S. 38.2 relating to battery of a school teacher, extends definition of "school teacher" to include any te...

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OHSigned into law 06/2008P-12Employee Misconduct
H.B. 428
Requires the state board or state superintendent to automatically revoke or deny an educator license, without an administrative hearing, for...

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OHSigned into law 06/2008P-12Records of Students Identified as Missing Children
H.B. 181
Requires public and nonpublic schools to mark the records of students identified as missing children and to notify law enforcement of reques...

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RISigned into law 06/2008P-12Bullying Via Electronic Communications
S.B. 2012
Expands the definition of student discipline codes relating to harassment or bullying to include electronic communications. Defines as "Elec...

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SCSigned into law 06/2008P-12Ability to Transfer Without Penalty
H.B. 4758
Provides that any high school student who is the victim of physical abuse, harassment, or stalking by a classmate during school hours or oth...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008P-12Parent Notification
H.B. 3162
Provides that if a student is a victim of child abuse or sexual abuse that occurred on school grounds or under the schools care, then the pr...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008P-12Special Education Isolation and Restraint Modernization and Positive Behavioral Supports Act
S.B. 2609
Enacts the Special Education Isolation and Restraint Modernization and Positive Behavioral Supports Act; ensures that every student receivin...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008P-12
Postsec.
Death Threats Made to Employees
H.B. 583
Creates a Class B misdemeanor for communicating a death threat concerning a school employee if:
(1) The person communicates to another a thr...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008P-12Rules and Regulations to Prohibit Gang Activities
S.B. 2554
Authorizes districts to promulgate and adopt rules and regulations to prohibit gang activities on school property; requires each local educa...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008Postsec.Notification of Disciplinary Violations
S.B. 4108
Requires a public institution of higher education to notify a parent or legal guardian of a student under 21 years of age who has committed ...

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COSigned into law 05/2008P-12School Safety Resource Center
S.B. 1
Creates the School Safety Resource Center to assist schools in preventing, preparing for, responding to, and recovering from emergencies and...

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GASigned into law 05/2008P-12Internet Safety
S.B. 474
Directs the department of education to develop a model program for educating students about safety while using the Internet, taking into con...

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MDSigned into law 05/2008P-12Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
S.B. 473
Requires the State Department of Education to require local school systems to utilize passive parental consent before administering the Yout...

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MDAdopted 05/2008P-12Kindergarten Age Eligibility
COMAR 13A.08.01.01
Provides for transfers to public kindergarten of age- eligible kindergarten students attending nonpublic kindergarten programs.
Unsafe Scho...

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OKSigned into law 05/2008P-12Lockdown Drills; Electronic Bullying, Threatening Behavior
S.B. 1941
Adds provision for annual review of school district and higher education institution emergency plans; revises requirements for school distri...

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TNSigned into law 05/2008P-12Surveillance Operations
S.B. 3408
Gives Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) investigators the authority, at the request of local law enforcement, to conduct surveillance ...

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TNSigned into law 05/2008P-12Instruction on Nonviolence
H.B. 2790
Urges all public schools to provide instruction on nonviolence as means to conflict resolution as part of character education curriculum. - ...

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TNSigned into law 05/2008P-12Reporting of Disciplinary Actions
H.B. 3321
Requires the commissioner of education to report on a semi-annual basis to the select oversight committee on education and the education com...

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TNSigned into law 05/2008P-12Parents Required to Notify School
H.B. 2720
Expands the requirement that parents notify schools when a student is found delinquent involving certain crimes and details the procedure sc...

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TNSigned into law 05/2008P-12School Notification Required
H.B. 2719
Adds aggravated sexual battery and aggravated sexual battery of a child to the crimes of which a child's school must be notified when the ch...

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AZSigned into law 04/2008P-12School safety
S.B. 1401
Concerns school safety program; relates to reserve officers; provides the Department of Education shall cooperate with the county school sup...

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AZSigned into law 04/2008P-12School safety
H.B. 2093
Relates to motor vehicle violations at school crossings; provides for civil penalties for such violations. Chapter No. 143.
http://www.azleg...

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AZSigned into law 04/2008P-12School safety
S.B. 1230
Concerns school safety; provides a public school district may apply to participate in the school safety program by submitting to the school ...

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IDSigned into law 04/2008P-12School safety
S.B. 1361
Adds to existing law relating to rules of the road to provide for reduced speed limits in school zones; requires certain information on a sc...

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KSSigned into law 04/2008P-12Cyberbullying
H.B. 2758
Defines cyber-bullying. Requires cyberbullying to be addressed in district policies related to bullying. Specifies that district policies mu...

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KYSigned into law 04/2008P-12School Safety
H.B. 91
Requires any school or local board employee who knows or has cause to believe that a student has been the victim of a violation of any felon...

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MDSigned into law 04/2008P-12School Bullying Policies
H.B. 199
Requires the State Board of Education to develop a certain model policy prohibiting bullying, harassment and intimidation in schools; requir...

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MDSigned into law 04/2008Postsec.
Community College
College Campus Diversity and Tolerance
H.B. 905; S.B. 438
Requires private institutions of higher education eligible for state aid to submit a report on programs to promote and enhance cultural dive...

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MDSigned into law 04/2008P-12Student Suspensions
H.B. 139; S.B. 582
Provides a task force to study issues related to students with multiple suspensions; requires principals to report suspensions in writing to...

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MDSigned into law 04/2008P-12School Crossing Guard Authority
H.B. 230
Authorizes a school crossing guard who meets specified qualifications to stop or otherwise direct vehicles and pedestrians on a highway or o...

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VASigned into law 04/2008P-12Exclusion of Persons Convicted of Sexually Violent Offenses
H.B. 567
Provides that every adult who is convicted of a sexually violent offense is prohibited from entering and being present upon any property he ...

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WASigned into law 04/2008Postsec.
Community College
Campus Safety Needs Assessment
H.B. 2507
Requires the state patrol and state association of sheriffs and police chiefs, in consultation with the state board for community and techni...

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COSigned into law 03/2008Postsec.
Community College
Peace Officers on Higher Education Campuses
H.B. 1106
Concerns peace officers employed by institutions of higher education; provides that state institutions of higher education are authorized to...

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IDSigned into law 03/2008P-12Safety
H.B. 382
Amends existing law relating to adult criminal sex offenders and access to children in schools to clarify restrictions on adult criminal sex...

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ILAdopted 03/2008P-12Special Education Facilities
23 IAC 401.10, .30, .210
Emergency rule (expires 8-18-08) includes a new provision expressly prohibiting the "use of a behavioral intervention strategy relying upon ...

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ORSigned into law 03/2008P-12Records-Sharing for Safety Purposes
S.B. 1092A
Requires district attorney or other person filing juvenile delinquency petition to notify school when student of school is subject of petiti...

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UTAdopted 03/2008P-12Standards for School District Discipline Plans
R277-609
Provides that all charter schools (and schools if district does not have districtwide plan) must develop a school-wide written model for pre...

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VASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.Prevention of Violence on Campus
S.B. 539
Requires each public college or university to have in place policies and procedures for the prevention of violence on campus, including asse...

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VASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.Parental Notice of Mental Health Treatment
H.B. 1005
Amends and reenacts § 23-9.2:3, relating to providing notice to parents of dependent student's receipt of mental health treatment on the cam...

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VASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.Safety/Emergency Management -- HIgher Education
H.B. 1449
This bill requires that the following three actions be taken by each of the Commonwealth's public higher education institutions:
• The boar...

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VASigned into law 03/2008P-12Crisis and Emergency Plan
S.B. 256
Requires the board of visitors or other governing body of each public higher education institution to develop, adopt, and keep current a wri...

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VASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.First Warning System
S.B. 538
Mandates that by January 1, 2009, each public institution of higher education establish a comprehensive, prompt, and reliable first warning ...

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VASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.Mental Health Records
S.B. 636
Allows each public and private institution of higher education to request from its students complete student records, including any mental h...

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WASigned into law 03/2008Postsec.Campus Safety and Security Plans
S.B. 6328
Each postsecondary institution must make available to all students, faculty and staff the campus safety plan. For the most recent academic y...

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WASigned into law 03/2008P-12Anaphylaxis Guidelines
S.B. 6556
The superintendent of public instruction is directed to develop anaphylactic policy guidelines for schools to prevent anaphylaxis and deal w...

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WVSigned into law 03/2008P-12Service Personnel and Authority
H.B. 4478
Gives authority to certain aides to exercise control over students; expands the classifications of service personnel to include paraprofessi...

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WVSigned into law 03/2008P-12Student Discipline and Bill of Rights and Responsibilities for Students and Personnel
H.B. 4368
Provides that if the council believes that student discipline at the school is not enforced fairly or consistently, it shall transmit that d...

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CASigned into law 02/2008P-12After School Programs
A.B. 4C
Delays the encumbrance of funds appropriated for the After School Education and Safety Program. Defers the entire amount of the July warrant...

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NESigned into law 02/2008P-12
L.B. 205
Requires schools to adopt a bullying policy by July 1, 2009; amends provisions regarding student discipline.Defines bullying as any ongoing ...

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SCSigned into law 02/2008P-12Gang Prevention Study Committee
H.B. 4630
Creates a new gang prevention study committee to continue the work of the initial gang prevention study committee to assess and combat the s...

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MISigned into law 01/2008P-12Student Expulsion and Suspension Policies
S.B. 703 (sec. 1311)
Clarifies policies for student expulsion/suspensions with respect to infractions, students with disabilities, responsibilities of various pa...

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NJSigned into law 01/2008P-12Study of Megan's Law
S.B. 2516
Requires the Violence Institute of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey to undertake a comprehensive study of Megan's Law;...

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NJSigned into law 01/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Hate Crime and Bullying Laws
S.B. 2975
Revises laws concerning hate crimes and bullying; relates to civil actions for for bias crime victims; adds bias crimes to the list with whi...

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+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole Child