ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2010 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2010. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
- Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
IDApproved by voters 11/2010Postsec.Proposes an amendment to the Constitution of the State of Idahoto permit the Board of Regents of the University of Idaho to impose rates of tuition and fees on all students enrolled in the University of Idaho as authorized by law.
Title: SJR 101
Source: StateNet.com

PAVeto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 11/2010P-12
Postsec.
This section provides institutions of higher education the option of developing a program to permit older adults to enroll in courses free of tuition charge. Each institution that develops such a program is required to promulgate specific guidelines regarding procedures and administration of the program.
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2009&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0101&pn=4389
Title: H.B. 101 - Article XX-E
Source: http://www.legis.state.pa.us

CASigned into law 10/2010Postsec.From bill summary: Prohibits the trustees of the California State University from allocating, and would request the regents of the University of California to not allocate, any fees that are proposed by a student body
organization and imposed pursuant to a vote of the students registered at a campus, branch or location of the respective institution, for purposes of supporting intercollegiate athletics programs for any purpose or in any amount not approved by the vote of the students. Requires the trustees, and request the regents, at the end of an academic year, to refund to each feepaying student a pro rata share of any portion of the fee that is not allocated for the authorized purposes during that academic year. Pages 33-34 of 52: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_1601-1650/ab_1610_bill_20101019_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 1610 - Prohibition of Student Fees to Support Intercollegiate Athletics Programs
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

CASigned into law 09/2010Community College
Postsec.
Authorizes community college districts to use an alternative method to set nonresident tuition rates. Deletes the requirement that community college district's governing board consider the nonresident tuition fees of public community colleges in other states when adopting a tuition fee for nonresident students. Instead authorizes the governing board to adopt a nonresident tuition fee that is no greater than the average of the nonresident tuition fees of public community colleges of at least 12 states with a comparable cost of living. Requires the additional revenue generated by the increased nonresident tuition permitted under these changes to be used to expand and enhance services to resident students. Prohibits the admission of nonresident students at the expense of resident enrollment.

Requires the Chancellor's Office of the California Community Colleges to make specified data relating to nonresident tuition available to the Legislative Analyst's Office, and requires the Legislative Analyst's Office to include a summary of this data in its annual analysis of the Governor's budget proposal. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_2251-2300/ab_2297_bill_20100924_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 2297
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

CASigned into law 09/2010Community College
Postsec.
From bill summary: Increases the combined limit of the transportation fee (for the transportation costs incurred by the district or the costs of reducing fares for services provided by common carriers or municipally
owned transit systems to students and employees) and the parking services fee to $70 per semester or $35 per intersession. Requires these fee limits to increase annually based on a specified calculation. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0051-0100/sb_82_bill_20100930_chaptered.pdf
Title: S.B. 82
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

ILSigned into law 07/2010Postsec.Amends provisions related to four-year public postsecondary institutions in the state. Provides that an undergraduate student who is an Illinois resident and who has for 4 continuous academic years been charged no more than the tuition amount that he/she was charged at the time he/she first enrolled in the university must be charged tuition not to exceed the amount the university charged students who first enrolled in the university for the academic year following the academic year the student first enrolled in the university for a maximum of 2 additional continuous academic years. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/96/PDF/096-1293.pdf
Title: S.B. 3222
Source: www.ilga.gov

FLSigned into law 06/2010Postsec.
Community College
Permits a state university or community college to waive tuition and fees for a classroom teacher, who is employed full-time by a school district and who meets the academic requirements established by the community college or state university, for up to 6 credit hours per term on a space-available basis; limites such courses to undergraduate courses related to special education, mathematics, or science; prohibits the waiver from being used for courses scheduled during the school district's regular school day. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h0723er.docx&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=0723&Session=2010
Title: HB 723
Source: http://www.myfloridahouse.gov

LASigned into law 06/2010Postsec.
Community College
Louisiana Granting Resources and Autonomy for Diplomas Act; provides for performance agreements between the Board of Regents and public postsecondary institutions; provides for autonomies, including setting tuition rates, granted to institutions that enter into such agreements; to require specified performance objectives to be met as part of such agreements; to provide for monitoring and reporting by the Board of Regents; The standards are related to student success, articulation and transfer policies, and workforce and economic development. The fourth objective – efficiency and accountability – requires four-year institutions that enter into the agreements to eliminate remedial education courses unless such programs cannot be offered at a community college in the same geographic area.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=722570
Title: H.B. 1171
Source: http://www.legis.state.la.us/

AZSigned into law 05/2010P-12
Postsec.
Expands the Teacher Loan Forgiveness Program to include students pursuing a teaching degree at a qualifying, private postsecondary educational institution in the state. Transfers the program from the Arizona board of regents to the commission for postsecondary education.Stipulates that the loans granted must be used to cover the costs of tuition and mandatory fees for each loan recipient and may also defray the costs of instructional materials but cannot exceed $7,000 each year. Removes requirement that, if an applicant qualifies for federal financial aid and receives federal grant aid, the loan amount must be limited to the amount of tuition and mandatory fees not covered by the federal grant aid and my include a stipend for instructional materials. Removes the requirement that the commission adopt policies for screening qualified applicants based on character. Mandates that the commission adopt policies for screening qualified candidates including requiring applicants to complete a Free Application for Student Federal Aid as a part of their applicant screening policies. Allows the commission to partner with qualifying postsecondary institutions to administer the loans; allows the commission to retain up to 10% of the amount deposited in each fiscal year into the Fund for the purposes of administering the program; allows the commission to use the interest deposited into the fund to cover the administration costs of the loan repayment responsibilities. Requires the commission to forward a request for verification of attendance, satisfactory academic progress, financial need and enrollment in a qualified program to the institution.
http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/hb2725s.pdf
Title: H.B. 2725--Multiple Provisions
Source: http://www.azleg.gov/

FLSigned into law 05/2010Postsec.Clarifies exemption from postsecondary student fee requirements provided for a student who is or was at time he or she reached 18 years of age in custody of relative under Relative Caregiver Program or who was adopted from department of children and family services after specified date; provides that exemption includes fees associated with enrollment in career-preparatory instruction. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h1363er.docx&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=1363&Session=2010
Title: H.B. 1363
Source: http://www.myfloridahouse.gov

GASigned into law 05/2010Postsec.Rewrites Section 20-3-519.6 relating to HOPE GED vouchers. Previous legislation awarded a one-time $500 voucher to each student earning a GED, with the voucher valid at any eligible postsecondary institution in the state for 24 months from the date of issuance. New provision does not denote amount of HOPE GED voucher, but specifies that to be eligible for a voucher, a student must be a legal resident of Georgia as defined by state entities for purposes of paying in-state tuition. http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2009_10/pdf/sb341.pdf
Title: S.B. 341
Source: www.legis.state.ga.us

IDApproved as Final Rule 05/2010Postsec.Amends rules to bring them into alignment with changes made to related rules. Allows students to retain resident status when the leave the state for educational purposes.
http://adm.idaho.gov/adminrules/bulletin/bul/10bul/10may.pdf
Title: IDAPA 08.01.04
Source: http://adm.idaho.gov

MDSigned into law 05/2010Postsec.Requires the comptroller to continue to distribute specified income tax revenue from corporations to the Higher Education Investment Fund (the Fund); Expands the authorized uses of the Fund; establishes a Tuition Stabilization Trust Account in the Fund; States a goal of the state that public senior higher education funding should reach 100% of the funding guidelines approved by the Maryland Higher Education Commission; Requires governing boards of specified higher education institutions to periodically review tuition. http://mlis.state.md.us/2010rs/chapters_noln/Ch_193_hb0470T.pdf
http://mlis.state.md.us/2010rs/bills/sb/sb0283e.pdf
Title: H.B. 470/S.B. 283
Source: http://mlis.state.md.us

WASigned into law 04/2010Postsec.
Community College
Creates the Opportunity Pathways Account; requires funds in the account to stabilize and increase existing resources for the recruitment of entrepreneurial researchers, innovative partnership zones and research teams, early childhood education, opportunity grants, educational opportunity grants, get ready for math and science scholarships, passport to college promise scholarships, college bound scholarships, Washington Scholars awards, the award for vocational excellence, and Promise scholarships. Directs lottery account money to the opportunity pathways accounts and requires those funds to stabilize and increase existing resources for the recruitment of entrepreneurial researchers, innovation partnership zones and research teams, early childhood education, opportunity grants, educational opportunity grants, "get ready for math and science" scholarships, passport to college promise scholarships, college bound scholarships, the state work study program, the state need grant, Washington scholars awards, the Washington award for vocational excellence and the Washington promise scholarships. Requires the lottery commission, in consultation with independent experts and in collaboration with the higher education coordinating board, to develop and begin implementation of a strategy and plan for actively marketing the state lotter as an essential contributor to the opportunity pathways. First Special Session Chapter 27
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/documents/billdocs/2009-10/Pdf/Bills/Senate%20Passed%20Legislature/6409-S2.PL.pdf
Title: S.B. 6409
Source: http://apps.leg.wa.gov

WVSigned into law 04/2010Postsec.Establishes new provisions governing the financing, construction, purchase and leasing of facilities at state institutions of higher education, which could lead to the state taking responsibility for the bulk of construction and maintenance of educational facilities on college campuses (currently, campus construction is borne almost entirely by students through tuition and fees); Requires the Higher Education Policy Commission to establish standards for evaluating institutional requests for tuition and fee increases. http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hb4026%20ENR.htm&yr=2010&sesstype=RS&i=4026
Title: H.B. 4026
Source: http://www.legis.state.wv.us

IDSigned into law 03/2010Postsec.Amends existing law relating to public institutions of higher education to provide resident student status to certain veteran who enroll in the state college or university within one year of the date of separation from the military, or who moves to Idaho for the purpose of establishing domicile; provided however, to maintain status as a resident student, such person must actively establish domicile in Idaho within one year of matriculation in a public institution of higher education in Idaho. The dependent of a person who qualifies as a resident student under this paragraph and who receives at least fifty percent support from such person shall also be a resident student. Chapter 77
http://www.legislature.idaho.gov/legislation/2010/S1367.htm

Title: S.B. 1367
Source: http://www.legislature.idaho.gov

ORSigned into law 03/2010Postsec.Establishes program for education loan repayment for providers of primary care; creates Primary Care Student Loan Repayment Fund; continuously appropriates moneys in fund to Oregon Student Assistance Commission for purposes of paying student loan repayment assistance under program. Chapter 42
http://www.leg.state.or.us/10ss1/measpdf/hb3600.dir/hb3639.en.pdf
Title: H.B. 3639A
Source: http://www.leg.state.or.us

AKRule Adoption 02/2010Postsec.Sets the origination fee for the AlaskAdvantage Consolidation Loan Program. Provides for the distribution of education funds when there are insufficient funds to meet demand. Clarifies application process and cosigner eligibility. Clarifies the methodology for setting interest rates on the WICHE PSEP. Adjusts interest rates.
http://notes5.state.ak.us/pn/pubnotic.nsf/cc52605f7c156e7a8925672a0060a91b/f977d5852d5b1432892
Title: 20 AAC 15.189(a), 20 AAC 15.520, 20 AAC 15.715, 20 AAC 15.930, 20 AAC15.940, 20 AAC 15.945(g), 20 AAC 15.945(h), 20 AAC 15.945(i)
Source: http://notes5.state.ak.us

ILSigned into law 02/2010Postsec.Cites legislative findings, including that (1) private loans currently constitute 20% of total education loan money, as opposed to 5% of student loans 10 years ago, and (2) tuition at public universities has risen 57% in the past five years. Creates the Task Force on Higher Education Private Student Loans Act. Establishes task force membership. Charges the task force with investigating or assessing:

(1) The rates, fees and terms associated with private student loans made to students in the state
(2) How rates, fees and terms impact the accessibility of private student loans, affordability of student loans, and choice of institution students have
(3) The impact rates, fees and terms have on students after graduation, specifically: (A) The amount of debt they carry; (B) The impact on pursuing post-graduate degrees; and (C) The ability to repay their loans
(4) The relationship between rising tuition and the availability of private loans
(5) The impact of capping private student loan fees charged by lenders
(6) How many private student loans are in default or are not able to be repaid
(7) What rates, fees and terms are common to those private student loans in default
(8) What impact loan defaults have on lending institutions
(9) The impact a loan default has on the borrower
(10) What additional disclosures can be made to students regarding high risk loans, financial information, financial choices and financial aid available
(11) What higher education institutions can do to advise students on their financial aid and loan resources
(12) Whether race/ethnicity are a factor in the rates, fees and terms associated with private student loans.

Directs the task force to report its findings and recommendations to the general assembly by December 31, 2010. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/96/PDF/096-0880.pdf
Title: S.B. 1698
Source: www.ilga.gov/legislation

+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Whole-School Reform Models