ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2010 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2010. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
- Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
CASigned into law 09/2010P-12From bill analysis: Precludes a pupil enrolled in a school through an interdistrict transfer provision from having to reapply for an interdistrict transfer and requires that a district allow a pupil to continue to attend the school in which he/she is enrolled, except as specified in terms and conditions for reapplication or revocation agreed to by the district of residence (DOR) and district of enrollment (DOE). Also prohibits a district from rescinding transfer permits for pupils entering grades 11 or 12. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_2401-2450/ab_2444_bill_20100924_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 2444
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

NJSigned into law 09/2010P-12Creates the permanent Interdistrict Public School Choice Program. Directs the commissioner to create a program that will allow districts to become "choice districts" and allow students from outside district boundaries to transfer into them. Addresses desegregation orders and transportation costs.
http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2010/Bills/AL10/65_.PDF
Title: A.B. 355
Source: http://www.njleg.state.nj.us

CAEmergency Regulations 08/2010P-12This emergency rulemaking action establishes the process for determining the 1,000 California open enrollment schools from which students may apply to transfer to higher achieving schools within their school district or in another school district. The emergency rules specify the time by which a school district containing one of more of these 1,000 schools must notify parents of their children's rights to apply for a transfer. The emergency rules also specify that pupils enrolled in higher achieving schools as a result of transfers pursuant to these regulations need not reapply for enrollment in order to remain in attendance regardless of whether the pupil's previous school remains on the list of 1,000 open enrollment schools.
Title: Title 5 CCR Sec(s) 4700, 4701, 4702
Source: Westlaw/StateNet

TXAdopted 07/2010P-12Makes various changes to state accountability provisions. Language below primarily from July 23, 2010 Texas Register.
97.1051: Amends definitions. Changes the definition of "campus closure" to remove references to "repurposing," which is now defined in statute.

97.1053: Purpose, updates statutory references in alignment with 2009 H.B. 3.

97.1055: Clarifies the process for assigning accreditation statuses during the period of transition to new H.B. 3 requirements. Adds new language regarding when an accreditation status may be raised or lowered based on the performance of the district or one or more campuses in the district. Also states how the statutory requirements related to a financial solvency review and projected deficit affect accreditation statuses. In addition, the adopted amendment incorporates current agency procedures for completing the asset-to-liability calculation for the purposes of charter financial accountability. Language is added, providing an additional method for districts to meet the notification requirements related to a lowered accreditation status.

97.1057: Accreditation Sanctions. Updates statutory references and adds information regarding the factors the commissioner must consider in determining whether to impose a particular sanction based on resource allocation practices.

97.1059: Standards for All Accreditation Sanction Determinations. Updates statutory references and adds language to reflect statutory requirements regarding the commissioner's obligation to review the performance of a district. Specifically, the commissioner must review at least annually the performance of a district for which the accreditation status has been lowered due to insufficient student performance. The adopted amendment also requires the commissioner to increase sanctions if a lack of improvement is shown unless there is good cause not to do so.

97.1061: Interventions and Sanctions for Campuses. Adds language to align with new statutory requirements related to campuses that satisfy current performance standards under TEC, §39.054(e), but that would not satisfy performance standards if the standards to be used for the following school year were applied to the current school year. Also adds language to align with new statutory requirements for intervening with and sanctioning campuses with performance below any standard under TEC, §39.054(e), including requirements relating to a hearing and a school community partnership team (SCPT). Adds new statutory language that allows the commissioner to accept certain interventions that a campus has implemented under federal accountability requirements in lieu of required state measures if the intervention measures are substantially similar.

97.1063: Campus Intervention Team; Reconstitution. Implements the provisions of HB 3 related to campuses below any standard under TEC, §39.054(e), and the assignment of a campus intervention team (CIT) to those campuses. Defines the duties and responsibilities of the CIT, including responsibilities to conduct a targeted on-site needs assessment relevant to the areas of insufficient performance or, if the commissioner determines necessary, a comprehensive on-site needs assessment. Also outlines requirements related to the development and submission of a school improvement plan (SIP) by a campus and establishes timelines for how long the CIT will be assigned to a campus. Outlines requirements related to the involvement of the board of trustees of a school district in conducting a hearing to notify the public of the insufficient performance of one or more campuses within the district, the improvements expected by the agency for the campus(es), and the intervention measures or sanctions that may be imposed under the subchapter if performance does not improve. Also details requirements related to public posting of the SIP and, as appropriate, modification of the SIP in response to public comment. Further notes that the commissioner may authorize a SIP or updated SIP developed under 19 TAC Chapter 97, Subchapter EE, to supersede the provisions of and satisfy the requirements of developing, reviewing, and revising a campus improvement plan under TEC, Chapter 11, Subchapter F. Also specifies actions that the commissioner may take if the commissioner determines that a campus for which an intervention is ordered is not fully implementing the CIT's recommendations or the SIP or updated SIP.
References and requirements related to the School Leadership Pilot Program are stricken from 19 TAC §97.1063 in alignment with changes in HB 3. Language is added to this section to clarify that, if assigned by the commissioner, a SCPT may supersede the authority of and satisfy the requirements of establishing and maintaining a campus-level planning and decision-making committee under TEC, Chapter 11, Subchapter F. The section title is also changed.

97.1064: Reconstitution, updates and relocates reconstitution requirements that previously were reflected in 19 TAC §97.1063. Continues to state the timelines under which a campus will be ordered to undergo reconstitution and describes the role of the CIT in updating and seeking approval of the SIP. Continues to include language regarding the authority of the CIT to determine which educators may be retained at a reconstituted campus but revises language in accordance with HB 3 to describe circumstances surrounding a CIT's determination related to the retention of the principal at a campus that is undergoing reconstitution. Continues to describe the authority of the commissioner to assign a monitor, conservator, management team, or board of managers to ensure and oversee district and campus-level activities related to required intervention and sanction activities and outlines factors the commissioner must take into consideration when appointing individuals to serve in these roles. References the authority of the commissioner to impose on a district or campus certain other sanctions that are reasonably required and addresses the role of the district in successful campus reconstitution.

97.1065: Campus Closure or Alternative Management. Changes the section title. Implements the provisions of HB 3 related to circumstances under which the commissioner may, or is required to, order certain sanctions for campuses with insufficient performance over multiple years. Specifically, revises the timeline under which the commissioner is required to order a sanction for certain campuses and adds repurposing, in addition to campus closure and alternative management, as one of the sanctions that must be ordered by the commissioner. Also establishes that repurposing, alternative management, or campus closure may be ordered for a multi-year unacceptable campus if students fail to demonstrate substantial improvement in the areas targeted by an updated SIP. Furthermore, establishes that re-purposing, alternative management, or campus closure will be ordered if a campus has been identified as unacceptable for the third, as opposed to second, consecutive year after reconstitution is required to be implemented, thus adding an additional year to the mandatory intervention timeline previously established in statute. Additionally, provides for a one-year waiver of these required sanctions if the commissioner determines that, based on significant improvement over the preceding two school years, the campus is likely to be acceptable in the following year. Also establishes the requirements that must be met before the commissioner can approve a plan for campus repurposing and includes parameters that may be considered by the commissioner when determining whether to order repurposing, alternative management, or campus closure when one of these sanctions is required. Also outlines requirements and procedures for the district to appeal the commissioner's order of repurposing, alternative management, or campus closure and outlines other sanction actions that the commissioner may impose to achieve the purposes outlined in TEC, Chapter 39, and 19 TAC Chapter 97, Subchapter EE.

97.1067: Updates statutory references in alignment with HB 3.

97.1069: Providers of Alternative Campus Management. Updates requirements to align with HB 3 by allowing the commissioner to solicit proposals from qualified for-profit entities to assume alternative management of a campus if a non-profit entity has not responded to the commissioner's request for qualifications.

97.1071: Special Program Performance; Intervention Stages. Updates statutory references in alignment with HB 3.

97.1073: Appointment of Monitor, Conservator, or Board of Managers. Updates statutory references to provide clarity and align with HB 3.

Sections 97.1051 and 97.1055 adopted as published in the July 23, 2010 Texas Register (pp 24-28 of 34): http://www.sos.state.tx.us/texreg/pdf/backview/0723/0723adop.pdf
The amendments to §§97.1053, 97.1057, 97.1059, 97.1063, 97.1065, 97.1067, 97.1069, 97.1071, and 97.1073; the repeal of §97.1061; and new §97.1061 and §97.1064 are adopted as published in the April 23, 2010 Texas Register (pp 18-32 of 98): http://www.sos.state.tx.us/texreg/pdf/backview/0423/0423prop.pdf
Title: 19 TAC 97.1051, 1053, 1055, 1057, 1059, 1061, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1067, 1069, 1071, 1073
Source: www.sos.state.tx.us

LASigned into law 06/2010P-12Establishes a school choice pilot program in certain parishes for certain students with special needs the opportunity to attend schools of their parents' choosing. Provides for the purpose of the program; ligibility requirements for participating students and nonpublic schools.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=722085
Title: H.B. 216
Source: http://www.legis.state.la.us

AZSigned into law 05/2010P-12
Postsec.
Exempts private schools approved by the department of education's division of special education prescribed in the pupil's individualized education program from rules adopted by the state board of education prior to 11/24/09.
Changes the office of the county school superintendent from a local education service agency to a local education agency.
Removes requirement that district open enrollment policies be filed with the department of education and requires district policies for open enrollment to be posted on the district's website and available to the public upon request.
Reduces the amount of time pupils in grades seven and eight must be enrolled in an instructional program from 1068 hours to at least 1000 hours beginning in fiscal year 2010-2011.
Requires the board of regents, in consultation with the community college districts in Arizona, to develop and implement common equivalencies for specific levels of achievement on advanced placement examinations and international baccalaureate examinations offered in the state's high schools in order to award commensurate postsecondary academic credits at community colleges and public universities in the state.
Repeals the College and Career Readiness Task Force enacted last year. Chapter 332
http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/hb2725s.pdf
Title: H.B. 2725--Multiple Provisions
Source: http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/hb2725s.pdf

KSSigned into law 05/2010P-12Relates to the enrollment in and attendance of pupils that are not residents of a school district, and the providing of transportation for such students; the school district providing the transportation is to notify the local board of education where the pupil resides prior to providing the transportation; under the provisions of the bill and for school finance purposes (except for transportation weighting) the non-resident student would be counted in the district in which the student is enrolled. School districts with territory located in Johnson, Sedgwick, Shawnee or Wyandotte counties are not allowed to exercise the authority granted in this bill; provides such student shall be charged for the costs of attendance. Bill removes the requirement that the State Board of Education review and approve new school building plans and clarifies that the law applies to renovation and resconstruction. Chapter 2010-149
http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2010/2595.pdf
Title: H.B. 2595
Source: http://www.kslegislature.org

WISigned into law 05/2010P-12Requires a nonresident school district that is a union high school district (a district operating only grades 9 to 12) to give preference to pupils who are attending an underlying elementary school district (a district operating only grades Kindergarten to eight) of the nonresident school district under the Open Enrollment Program. (Act No. 303)
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2009/data/SB-250.pdf
Title: S.B. 250
Source: http://www.legis.state.wi.us

WISigned into law 05/2010P-12If a pupil attending the school district under open enrollment (OEP) is habitually truant (absent from school without an acceptable
excuse for part or all of five or more school days during any semester) during either semester in the current school year, the school board may then prohibit the pupil from attending school in the school district under the OEP in the succeeding semester or school year. (Act No. 304)
http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2009/data/SB-342.pdf
Title: S.B. 342
Source: http://www.legis.state.wi.us

MESigned into law 04/2010P-12Enables school administrative units to establish and operate innovative, autonomous public schools that meet the requirements of the federal Race to the Top Assessment Program application. A school board may request waivers as necessary to implement an instructional model and associated curriculum that meet the standards of this section for innovation and autonomy. Any resident student in a school administrative unit is eligible to request enrollment in an innovative, autonomous public school. Enrollment may not be limited to a target population of students. A school board shall establish a method for selecting students when requests for enrollment exceed capacity.
An innovative, autonomous public school must demonstrate a system for accountability for student achievement that exceeds, but is not in conflict with, the state's accountability standards and the state's assessment system. http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/bills_124th/chapters/PUBLIC616.asp
Title: S.B. 706
Source: http://www.mainelegislature.org

CASigned into law 01/2010P-12Establishes the Open Enrollment Act. Creates new Sections 48350 and ff. of the Education Code, allowing students attending low-achieving schools to attend public schools in districts other than their district of residence. Provides no district may have more than 10% of its schools on the list of transfer-out schools. Provides that charter schools may not be included on a list of transfer-out schools. Establishes application procedures. Allows a school district of residence or transfer district to prohibit a student's transfer or limit the number of students who transfer if the local board determines such transfer would negatively impact the district's desegregation plan or racial/ethnic balance. Bars districts from adopting any other policies that prevent or discourage students from applying to transfer to another district. Specifies that students transferring districts must be enrolled in a school with a higher Academic Performance Index than the school in which the student was previously enrolled and must be selected through a random, unbiased process. Directs the state superintendent to contract for an independent evaluation of the open enrollment program. Directs the superintendent to provide a final evaluation report to the
Legislature, Governor, and state board on or before October 1, 2014. Pages 1-6 of 7: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/09-10/bill/sen/sb_0001-0050/sbx5_4_bill_20100107_chaptered.pdf
Title: S.B. 4E - Open Enrollment
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

MASigned into law 01/2010P-12Directs the department of education to study the possibility of allowing students living outside of the commonwealth who are eligible to attend public schools operating in the same geographic area as a charter school or a regional charter school to be eligible to attend the charter or regional charter school. (Section 14)
http://www.mass.gov/legis/bills/senate/186/st02/st02247.htm
Title: S.B. 2247; (NEW BILL)
Source: http://www.mass.gov

+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Whole-School Reform Models