ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2011 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2011. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
- Parent/Family
CAVetoed 10/2011P-12From bill summary: Requires interventions to be implemented for a school that is identified as persistently lowest-achieving but does not receive specified school improvement grant funding. Requires a governing board of a local educational agency to allow parents and legal guardians to provide testimony at the regularly scheduled public hearing. Prohibits more than one parent or legal guardian per pupil from signing a petition, and requires the petition, and, if the petition includes a specific charter school operator, a summary of the charter petition, to meet specified language requirements. Requires, if the petition includes a
specific charter school operator, that the charter petition include specified elements. Requires that, if paid signature gatherers are being used, the petition include a statement indicating that some signature gatherers may be paid. Requires all parties involved in the signature gathering process to adhere to specified school procedures. Requires the state department of education to provide specified information on its Web site, in easy to understand terms, regarding the petition process, the 5 intervention options that parents and legal guardians may request, a sample petition that meets specified requirements, and an up-to-date list of schools that have implemented an intervention pursuant to these provisions. Makes clarifying changes to, and provide definitions for, those intervention petition provisions. Requires the schoolsite council at each school that is eligible for a petition to be submitted pursuant to these provisions to provide, at its next scheduled meeting, or a meeting within 90 days, whichever is sooner, information regarding the petition
process, including the intervention options available and the process for submitting a petition. Bill text: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0201-0250/ab_203_bill_20110920_enrolled.pdf
Governor's veto message: http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_203_Veto_Message.pdf
Title: A.B. 203
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

RISigned into law 07/2011P-12Adds a new chapter to create the Rhode Island Family Engagement Advisory Council to promote family engagement with education practice in Rhode Island. Sets membership and duties.
http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/PublicLaws/law11/law11246.htm
Title: H.B. 5995
Source: http://www.rilin.state.ri.us

HIAdopted 06/2011P-12Requests that the board of education and the department of education collaborate with parent organizations to develop statewide policies for family engagement for Hawaii's public schools. Requests that the board of education and the department of education report their findings and make legislative recommendations to facilitate family engagement to the legislature before the 2012 regular session.
http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2011/Bills/SCR145_.HTM
Title: S.C.R. 145-11
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

LASigned into law 06/2011P-12Requires the superintendent of the Recovery School District (New Orleans) to develop a community outreach plan to engage parents and community leaders in the successful operation and academic improvement of all schools under its jurisdiction and to solicit input on any proposed changes in school governance regarding the establishment of any new school site.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=760374
Title: S.B. 216
Source: http://www.legis.state.la.us/

NCSigned into law 06/2011P-12Provides that corporal punishment will not be administered on a student whose parent or guardian has stated in writing that corporal punishment must not be administered to that student. Provides that parents/guardians must be given a form to make such an election at the beginning of the school year or when the student first enters the school during the year. Provides that if the parent or guardian does not return the form, corporal punishment may be administered on the student. http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/2011/Bills/Senate/HTML/S498v4.html
Title: S.B. 498
Source: http://www.ncga.state.nc.us

NCSigned into law 06/2011P-12Allows the parent of multiple birth siblings who are assigned to the same grade level and school to request a consultative meeting with the school principal to consider that the initial school placement of the siblings be in the same classroom or in separate classrooms. Requires the request to be be made no later than five days before the first day of each school year or five days after the first day of attendance of students during the school year if the students are enrolled in the school after the school year commences. Permits the school to recommend to the parent the appropriate classroom placement for multiple birth siblings and provide professional educational advice to assist the parent with the decision regarding appropriate classroom placement. http://www.ncga.state.nc.us/Sessions/2011/Bills/Senate/HTML/S726v5.html
Title: S.B. 726
Source: http://www.ncga.state.nc.us

NVSigned into law 06/2011P-12Creates the Office of Parental Involvement and Family Engagement within the Department of Education. Describes the duties of the office, which include adopting policies and developing a list of practices designed to increase the involvement of parents and the engagement of families in the support of the education of their children. Revises the contents of the annual reports of accountability for school districts prepared by school districts to include information on the involvement of parents and the engagement of families in the education of their children.Revises requirement that all school districts develop a plan for improving the pupil achievement to require that such plans include strategies and practices to improve and promote effective involvement and engagement of parents and families. Requires the Commission on Professional Standards in Education to prescribe coursework on parental involvement and family engagement. Revises the membership of the Statewide Council for the Coordination of the Regional Training Programs to include the Director of the Office of Parental Involvement and Family Engagement. Requires the Statewide Council to establish a statewide program for teachers and administrators concerning parental involvement and family engagement. Requires the regional training programs for the professional development of teachers and administrators to provide training on parental involvement and family engagement.
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Bills/AB/AB224_EN.pdf
Title: A.B. 224
Source: http://www.leg.state.nv.us

OHSigned into law 06/2011P-12Establishes a pilot project for any school operated by the Columbus school district that has been ranked in the lowest 5% of all public schools statewide for three or more consecutive years. Requires the district board to implement any of five requested reforms if at least 50% of the parents of students in a school, or 50% of parents and of parents in feeder schools, sign a petition requesting that reform. Directs the board not to implement the requested reform under any of specified circumstances. Directs the state board, within 6 months after the first such petition has been resolved, to annually evaluate the pilot program and submit a report to the general assembly with its recommendations with respect to the continuation of the pilot program, its expansion to other districts, or the enactment of further legislation establishing the program statewide under permanent law. Pages 41-43 of 1000: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText129/129_HB_153_EN_part2.pdf
Title: H.B. 153 - Parent Trigger Pilot for Columbus
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

SCSigned into law 06/2011P-12
Postsec.
Extends the date by which the Education and Economic Development Act, now called Personal Pathways to Success, must be implemented fully (the primary goals of Personal Pathways to Success are to increase high school completion rates, better prepare students for work and college, increase parental involvement, and increase options for students at risk of dropping out of school). Provides that Personal Pathways to Success must be implemented fully by July 1, 2012 (was July 1, 2011). http://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess119_2011-2012/bills/3748.htm
Title: H.B. 3748
Source: http://www.scstatehouse.gov

TXSigned into law 06/2011P-12Provides that if the commissioner is presented with a written petition signed by the parents of a majority of the students enrolled at a campus that has an "unacceptable" performance rating for three consecutive school years after the campus is reconstituted, and the petition specifies that the parents request either the repurposing of the campus, alternative management of the campus, or campus closure, the commissioner must order the specific action requested. However, if the board of trustees of the district present a written request that the commissioner order a specific action other than that requested in the parents' petition and a written explanation of the basis for the board's request, the commissioner may order the action requested by the board of trustees. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/SB00738F.pdf#navpanes=0
Title: S.B. 738
Source: www.capitol.state.tx.us

NVSigned into law 05/2011P-12Revises the requirements for the policy adopted by the State Board of Education to encourage parental and family involvement in supporting the education of their children This bill requires the revised policy to include: (1) promotion of an atmosphere for parents and families to visit the school that their children attend and feel welcome, valued and connected to the staff of the school, other parents and families and to the education of their children; (2) promotion of regular two-way meaningful commuication between parents, families and schools relating to learning by pupils; (3) collaboration among parents, families and schools to support learning by pupils and health development of pupls at home and school; (4) empowerment of parents and families to advocate for their children to ensure that all pupils are treated fairly and have access to learning opportunities that support pupil achievement; (5) promotion of an equal partership between parents, families and schools in making decisions that affect children, parents and families; and (6) collaboration of parents, families and schools with the community.
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/Session/76th2011/Bills/SB/SB229_EN.pdf
Title: S.B. 229
Source: http://www.leg.state.nv.us

TNSigned into law 05/2011P-12Urges employers to develop programs under which their employees with children in school can take time off to volunteer in their children's schools.
http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB1880.pdf
Title: S.B. 1880
Source: http://www.capitol.tn.gov/

ARSigned into law 04/2011P-12Authorizes parents with multiple birth siblings who are assigned to the same grade level and school, prek-6 to request in writing that the school place the siblings in the same classroom or in separate classrooms. Allows districts to deny requests under certain circumstances and provides parents with an appeal process.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Bills/SB268.pdf
Title: S.B. 268
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

ARSigned into law 04/2011P-12Authorizes a school district board of directors to create and implement a program to authorize a parent of a child enrolled in the school district to act as a monitor in a school bus. Directs the Commission for Arkansas Public School Academic Facilities and Transportation to adopt rules to implement this section.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Bills/SB321.pdf
Title: S.B. 321
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

AZSigned into law 04/2011P-12States that parents have a right to review learning material and activities and remove their child from certain activities or classes deemed harmful by the parent.
http://www.azleg.gov/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/sb1453h.pdf
Title: S.B. 1453
Source: http://www.azleg.gov

COSigned into law 04/2011P-12Encourages districts to adopt policies to increase parental involvement. Requires schools that must develop improvement plans to notify parents of the issues giving rise to the need for such a plan, and to include other relevant information about the plan and timeline.The same policy applies to charter schools required to develop improvement plans.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2011a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/64C61264FC2538048725780800800CFC?Open&file=1126_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1126
Source: http://www.leg.state.co.us/

MTVetoed 04/2011P-12Allows parental control over student participation in courses of instruction, assemblies, etc. that involve human sexual education. Requires districts to inform parents/guardians when such events will be held or taught. Prohibits districts from allowing any abortion services providers to offer materials or instruction at a school.
http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/2011/billpdf/HB0456.pdf
Title: H.B. 456
Source: http://data.opi.mt.gov

ARSigned into law 03/2011P-12Concerns parental notification in cases of police investigation of possible child abuse. Directs principals to not provide parental notification if a request is made to interview a student during the course of an investigation of suspected child maltreatment and a parent, guardian, custodian, or person standing in loco parentis is named as an alleged offender.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Acts/Act613.pdf
Title: H.B. 1578
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us

ARSigned into law 03/2011P-12Directs the department of education to monitor each school district's parental involvement plan to: (i) Evaluate whether the school district is implementing its plan and the implementation's effectiveness; and (ii) Assess the areas in which a school district needs to revise its plan or its implementation of the plan. The department will place priority for monitoring on districts that have been identified as being in: (i) School improvement for two consecutive school years; or (ii) Academic distress.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2011/2011R/Bills/SB740.pdf
Title: S.B. 740
Source: http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/

MSVetoed 03/2011P-12Allows parental choice for the placement of twins or higher order multiples in seperate classrooms. Authorizes local boards to offer surplus inventory textbooks to parents or guardians of students residing in the district.(Vetoed because it is identical to H.B. 637)
http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2011/pdf/SB/2500-2599/SB2536SG.pdf
Title: S.B. 2536
Source: Westlaw/StateNet

MSSigned into law 03/2011P-12Allows parental choice for the placement of twins or higher order multiples in seperate classrooms.
http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2011/pdf/HB/0600-0699/HB0637SG.pdf
Title: H.B. 637
Source: http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/

OHSigned into law 03/2011P-12Repeals Section 3306.31, which required each district with a three-year average graduation rate of 80% or less to have a linkage coordinator to serve as the primary mentor, coach and motivator for at-risk students and coordinate those students' participation in academic programs, social service programs, out-of-school cultural and work-related experiences, and in-school and out-of-school mentoring programs, based on student need, among other duties.

Repeals Section 3313.821, which directed each district board to appoint a family and civic engagement team to develop five-year family and civic engagement plans, among other responsibilities.

Repeals Section 3313.822, which provided that as an alternative to appointing both a business advisory council and a family and civic engagement team, a local board could appoint one committee to function as both.

Eliminates the requirement that school districts establish family and civic engagement teams, except as required for implementation of federal ''Race to the Top" grants. Directs districts required by Race to the Top funds to employ a linkage coordinator and engage in other activities for closing the achievement gap and increasing the graduation rate to continue such activities for the life of the grant award.
http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText129/129_HB_30_EN_N.pdf
Title: H.B. 30 - Family and Civic Engagement Teams, Linkage Coordinators
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

VASigned into law 03/2011P-12Authorizes local school boards to adopt and implement policies pursuant to which electronic records and electronic signatures may be accepted from any parent, guardian, or other person having control or charge of a child enrolled in the relevant school division.
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?111+ful+CHAP0261+pdf
Title: H.B. 2243
Source: http://lis.virginia.gov

+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban--Change/Improvements