ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
2012 State Policies / Activities

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies enacted in 2012. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. To view all, press the button located at the top labeled "Expand All."

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Equity
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
- School Safety
CASigned into law 09/2012P-12From bill summary: States legislative intent that public schools have access to supplemental resources to combat bias on the basis of race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation, as defined, and to prevent and respond to acts of hate violence and bias-related incidents. A provision of existing law prohibits the term sexual orientation from including pedophilia. This bill deletes the provision related to pedophilia, and incorporate additional changes in Section 32228 of the Education Code, proposed by AB 1999, to be operative only if AB 1999 and this bill are both chaptered and become effective January 1, 2013, and this bill is chaptered last. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_0401-0450/ab_401_bill_20120919_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 401
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

CASigned into law 09/2012P-12From bill summary: Allows $10,000 limit on liability for damages caused by minor pupil's misconduct to be adjusted annually for inflation. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_2651-2700/ab_2662_bill_20120926_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 2662 - Ceiling on Parent Liability for Damages Caused by Minor Pupil
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

DESigned into law 08/2012pre-K-12Simplifies the mandatory report requirements for schools, ensuring that the most serious offenses are reported to law enforcement while giving schools discretion to handle minor offenses without mandatory reporting. Requires that all relevant special education and disciplinary records for students with disabilities, as defined under federal law, be sent to law enforcement to allow for informed charging decisions.
http://legis.delaware.gov/LIS/lis146.nsf/vwLegislation/HB+243/$file/legis.html?open
Title: H.B. 243
Source: http://legis.delaware.gov/

ILSigned into law 08/2012P-12Clarifies individuals and circumstances by which information surrounding a child's detainment under the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 may be used. Specifies such information may be used solely by school principal or officials determined to have a legitimate educational or safety interest. Also requires that for a school official to have access to a minor under 17's law enforcement records, the agency or officer must believe there is an imminent threat of physical harm to students, school personnel, or others present in the school or on school grounds. Extends violations under which law enforcement records are to be shared with the school district to include violations of (1) the Hazing Act and (2) the Harassing and Obscene Communications Act, among others. Provides that such law enforcement records must be separate from other school records and are not to become part of the student's official school record or public record. Permits a student to be referred to in-school or community based social services if available and determined in the child's best interest. Identifies approaches that may be applied as "rehabilitation services." Requires that information about a minor who is the subject of a current police investigation directly related to school safety be oral information only (not law enforcement records), and to be used only for safety and for the child's rehabilitation. Also requires such oral information to be kept separate from other school records and prohibits from becoming part of the student's official school record or public record. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/97/PDF/097-1104.pdf
Title: H.B. 5602
Source: www.ilga.gov

ILSigned into law 08/2012P-12Creates the Eradicate Domestic Violence Task Force to develop a statewide prevention course for high school students designed to prevent interpersonal, adolescent violence based on the Step Back Program for boys and girls. Establishes specific duties of the task force under this charge, including proposing an evaluation structure and method of evaluation for modifying the curriculum content over time. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/97/PDF/097-1037.pdf
Title: H.B. 5689
Source: www.ilga.gov

CASigned into law 07/2012P-12From bill summary: Authorizes a district governing board to establish a school police department under the supervision of a school chief of police, and authorizes the employment of peace officers to ensure the safety of district personnel and pupils, and the security of the real and personal property of the district. Express legislative intent that only a district security department (existing law authorizes districts to establish a security department) is supplementary to city and county law enforcement agencies and is not vested with general police powers. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/11-12/bill/asm/ab_2351-2400/ab_2368_bill_20120717_chaptered.pdf
Title: A.B. 2368
Source: www.leginfo.ca.gov

HISigned into law 07/2012P-12Permanently establishes within the department of transportation the safe routes to school program to, among other purposes, enhance traffic safety around schools, and enable and encourage children to walk and bicycle to school. Creates the position of safe routes to school program coordinator to serve as a central point of contact for the program. Directs a county designated office to provide safe routes to school funds for school-based and community-based workshops and infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects that will reduce vehicular traffic and congestion, encourage walking and bicycling, and promote health and safety around schools. Requires that Implementation of the county safe routes to school program take specified needs into consideration. Identifies components that county sate routes to school program grant proposals must address. Directs the director of transportation to develop streamlined program processes, and to annually report to the legislature on teh status and progress of the safe routes to school program before each legislative session. Establishes a safe routes to school program special fund. Assesses a surcharge of $25 for violations of speeding in a school zone and a $10 surcharge on various traffic violations and deposits these surcharges into the safe routes to school program special fund. Appropriates funds from the safe routes to school program special fund. Effective September 1, 2012. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/session2012/bills/HB2626_CD1_.pdf
Title: H.B. 2626
Source: www.capitol.hawaii.gov

PASigned into law 06/2012P-12Adds new section entitled Intergovernmental Agreements for School Security and Safety. Allows districts to enter into agreements with other political subdivisions to provide for the safety and security of the school. Allows the district to use funds to share costs with municipalities and counties for such expenses as benefits and salaries of school resource officers and probation officers. Such officers are not required to be employees of the district and may be employees of other political subdivisions.
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2011&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=1901&pn=3885
Title: H.B. 1901- Section 617
Source: http://www.legis.state.pa.us

COSigned into law 05/2012P-12Includes, among other provisions, safe school components. Requires local boards to adopt a mission statement that includes making safety for all students and staff a priority in each school. Requires each district to take reasonable measures to ensure that each student is familiar with the district's conduct and discipline code. Allows a teacher to remove a disruptive student from his or her classroom but provides that it cannot be for the remainder of the term unless the principal or designee has developed and implemented a behavior plan for the student. Such a plan must be developed after the second removal. In creating and enforcing a school conduct and discipline code, each board is required to imposed proportionate disciplinary interventions and consequences, including but not limited to in-school suspensions, in response to student misconduct, which interventions and consequences are designed to reduce the number of expulsions, out-of-school suspensions, and referrals to law enforcement (except for such referrals to law enforcement as are required by state or federal law). School conduct and discipline code is to include plans for the appropriate use of prevention, intervention, restorative justice, peer mediation, counseling, or other approaches which are designed to minimize student exposure to the criminal and juvenile justice system. School administration cannot order a victim's participation in restorative justice or peer mediation if the alleged misconduct constitutes unlawful sexual behavior, domestic violence or stalking. A student being denied admission or expelled for one year (after a hearing) has 10 days to appeal the decision if the board authorizes the appeal.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2012a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont/CD3C8673214EEF8C872579CD00625FE2?Open&file=1345_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1345 (sec. 22+)
Source: http://www.leg.state.co.us

COSigned into law 05/2012P-12Includes sections on the use of school resource officers (22-32-146) and requires annual reports on the number of students investigated by the office for delinquent offenses, including the number of students investigated for each type of delinquent offense, the number of students arrested by the office, including the offense for which the arrest was made; the number of summonses or tickets issues to students; the age, gender, school and race/ethnicity of each student arrested or to whom the officer issued a summons, ticket or other notice requiring an appearance in court. Sec. 20-1-113 requires reporting of criminal proceedings involving public school students that includes the number of offenses filed in court, including the total number of each type of offense, the disposition of each case, and the age, gender, school, and race or ethnicity of each student prosecuted. Also includes the number of offenses that were referred to the district attorney by a law enforcement agency and were not filed in court, including the total number of each type of offense; and the number of offenses for which the offender was referred to a juvenile diversion program or other alternative program, including the total number of each type of offense.Sec. 24-31-312 describes school resource officer training and encourages completion of such training.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2012a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont/CD3C8673214EEF8C872579CD00625FE2?Open&file=1345_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1345 - School Resource Officers, Reporting of Delinquency
Source: http://www.leg.state.co.us/

GASigned into law 05/2012P-12Repeals section 20-2-1183, which provided that student possession of an electronic communication device in school is permitted or prohibited as specifically prescribed by local board rule or policy.
Page 7 of 7: http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/20112012/127888.pdf
Title: S.B. 289 - Electronic Communications Devices
Source: www.legis.ga.gov

TNSigned into law 05/2012P-12Broadens the purpose of certain statutory restrictions concerning who may enter school grounds during school hours.
http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB1429.pdf
Title: S.B. 1429
Source: http://www.capitol.tn.gov

VTSigned into law 05/2012P-12Exempts school resource officers from the department of education's rule regulating the use of restraint and seclusion in schools. Encourages school boards and law enforcement agencies to enter into memoranda of understanding relating to the possession and use of weapons and devices by a school resource officer on school property; and the nature and scope of assistance that a school resource officer will provide.
http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2012/Acts/ACT101.pdf
Title: S.B. 181
Source: http://www.leg.state.vt.us

GASigned into law 04/2012P-12Repeals Section 20-2-1183, which provided that student possession of an electronic communication device in school was to be permitted or prohibited as prescribed by local board policy, and set forth parameters if local policy prohibited or permitted students to possess an electronic communication device in school. Page 11 of 11: http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/20112012/127649.pdf
Title: H.B. 706 - Electronic Communication Devices in School
Source: www.legis.ga.gov

MESigned into law 04/2012P-12Provides for legislative review of Chapter 33: Regulations Governing Timeout Rooms, Therapeutic Restraints and Aversives in Public Schools and Approved Private Schools, a major substantive rule of the Department of Education. http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/bills_125th/billtexts/HP136001.asp
Title: H.R. 1360
Source: www.mainelegislature.org

OKSigned into law 04/2012P-12Extends superintendent's or principal's authority to allow for the removal of any individual attending an official school activity or field trip where students are present, including an activity or field trip not on school property, when the superintendent or principal determines that a threat to the peaceful conduct of students exists. The penalty for refusing to leave when ordered is not more than $500.00.
http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/cf/2011-12%20ENR/hB/HB2750%20ENR.DOC
Title: H.B. 2750
Source: http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/

TNSigned into law 04/2012P-12Charges each local board of education with adopting a policy regarding a teacher's ability to relocate a student for that student's safety or the safety of others. Defines use of reasonable or justifiable force. Requires teacher to file a brief report. Stipulates law shall be in effect on school property and at school-sanctioned events.
http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB3116.pdf
Title: S.B. 3116
Source: http://www.capitol.tn.gov

VASigned into law 04/2012P-12Requires the Board of Education to annually publish disciplinary offense and outcome data by race, ethnicity, gender, and disability for each public school in the Commonwealth on its website.
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+ful+HB367ER+pdf
Title: H.B. 367
Source: http://lis.virginia.gov/

INSigned into law 03/2012P-12Requests the legislative council to establish a study commission on the topic of school discipline best practices.
http://www.in.gov/legislative/bills/2012/PDF/HE/HE1169.1.pdf
Title: H.B. 1169
Source: www.in.gov

VASigned into law 03/2012Postsec.Requires campus police to enter into mutual aid agreements with a local law-enforcement agency or the State Police for cooperation in providing assistance with the investigation of deaths and alleged rapes occurring on college campuses.
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+ful+SB302ER+pdf
Title: S.B. 302
Source: http://lis.virginia.gov/

VASigned into law 03/2012Postsec.Authorizes threat assessment teams established by private nonprofit institutions of higher education to receive health and criminal history records of students for the purposes of assessment and intervention with individuals whose behavior may present a threat to safety. Provides that no member of a threat assessment team shall re-disclose any juvenile record information obtained or otherwise use any record of an individual beyond the purpose that such disclosure was made to the threat assessment team.
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+ful+HB1152ER+pdf
Title: H.B. 1152
Source: http://lis.virginia.gov/

WISigned into law 03/2012P-12Creates a new provision relating to the use of seclusion and physical restraint on pupils in public schools, including charter schools. Defines "covered individual" and limits use of seclusion or physical restraint to those individuals (teachers or student teachers). Sets standards for seclusion. Defines "physical restrain" and conditions under which it may apply. Requires parental notification as soon as practicable, but no later than one business day after the incident. Sets parameters around seclusion or physical restraint for a child with a disability. Requires training and sets parameters. Clarifies the actions that are NOT prohibited.
https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2011/related/acts/125
Act Memo: https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/lcactmemos/2011/REG/SB353.pdf
Title: S.B. 353
Source: https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov

ARAdopted 02/2012P-12Sets forth guidelines to assist school districts with developing, reviewing and revising student discipline and school safety policies. Requires that parents, students and school district personnel be involved in the development of district student discipline policies, and that the policies be reviewed annually by a district's committee on personnel policies. Outlines the minimum offenses to be included in a student discipline policy, as well as guidelines for punishment.

Sets forth guidelines for parent and student notification, teacher training, and employee grievance procedures. Specifies that students with behavioral problems be placed in alternative learning environments.

Provides that districts authorizing the use of corporal punishment include provisions in their discipline policy that specify it must be used only for cause, be reasonable, follow warnings for misbehavior and be administered only by a teacher or administrator in the presence of another school employee.

Requires the Department of Education to monitor compliance with the requirements and withhold state aid funds until a disciplinary policy is filed.

http://170.94.37.152/REGS/005.15.11-003F-12838.pdf
Title: AR ADC 005.15.17-1.00 to AR ADC 005.15.17-6.00
Source: http://www.sos.arkansas.gov/rules_and_regs/

VASigned into law 02/2012Postsec.Increases the Department of Emergency Management's oversight of institutional crisis and emergency management plans by requiring institutions to certify in writing to the Department that the required annual reviews and functional exercises have been conducted. This bill is identical to SB 346.
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?121+ful+HB305ER+pdf
Title: H.B. 305/S.B. 356
Source: http://leg1.state.va.us/

+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Technology
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban