ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2013

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Common Core/National Tests
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Counseling/Guidance
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Computer Science
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Economic/Workforce Development--Value of an Education
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
- Finance--Lotteries
NESigned into law 05/2013P-12Funding for Education from Lottery Funds
L.B. 497
Reallocates lottery proceeds beginning in FY2016-17. Pursuant to current law, 24.75% of lottery proceeds are transferred to the Nebraska Opportunity Grant Fund and 19.75% are deposited in the Education Innovation Fund. The bill eliminates the transfer of lotte...

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CASigned into law 09/2012Community CollegeLottery Funds for Classes for Adults and Regional Occupational Centers
A.B. 2662 - Lottery Funds
From final bill analysis: Extends to 2014-15 provisions in which payments from the California State Lottery Education Fund include the same amount of average daily attendance for classes for adults and regional occupational centers as made in the 2007-08 fisca...

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ORSigned into law 07/2011P-12Finance
H.B. 5035
Maintains and reserves lottery revenues available to benefit public purposes during biennium beginning July 1, 2011, in Administrative Services Economic Development Fund. Allocates moneys from fund for biennium beginning July 1, 2011. Directs Oregon Department...

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OHSigned into law 06/2011P-12Lottery Funds for Education
H.B. 153 - Lottery Funds for Education
Directs the state lottery commission to promulgate rules on the type of notices that must appear on lottery tickets, including one that must appear if the word "education" is used in any advertising for a
statewide lottery, which must include information as to...

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TNSigned into law 06/2010Postsec.Lottery Scholarships
S.B. 2899
As enacted, redefines "eligible independent postsecondary institution" to include institutions that are members of an accrediting agency that is recognized by the U.S. department of education and the Council on Higher Education Accreditation; designates Knoxvi...

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TNSigned into law 04/2010P-12Lottery-Funded Grants and Technical Assistance - Evaluation
S.B. 980
From the Fiscal Note: Requires the Commissioner of Education to report annually any findings and recommendations concerning the system of competitive grants and technical assistance for after-school education programs to the chairs of the Senate Education Comm...

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WASigned into law 04/2010Postsec.
Community College
Opportunity Pathways Accounts
S.B. 6409
Creates the Opportunity Pathways Account; requires funds in the account to stabilize and increase existing resources for the recruitment of entrepreneurial researchers, innovative partnership zones and research teams, early childhood education, opportunity gra...

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ARAdopted 12/2009Postsec.
Community College
Arkansas Academic Challenges Scholarship Program
H.B. 1163/S.B. 126
Defines terms used in the Arkansas Academic Challengs Scholarship Program and requirements for student participation. Requires Director of Department of higher education to report annually on implementation of lottery scholarships. Defines award for two- and f...

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OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Lottery Profits Education Reserve Fund
H.B. 1 - Section 265.40.60
Creates a special fund that will allow for excess lottery profits to be transferred to be made available by the Controlling Board in FY 2010 or 2011, at the request of the state superintendent. These funds will provide assistance and grants to school districts...

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IDSigned into law 05/2009P-12Lottery Funds
H.B. 275
Relates to the lottery; provides for transfers of net income from the lottery; provides for adjustments; provides for the consideration of lottery moneys distributed in calculating amounts to be distributed by the State Tax Commission; provides for a transfer ...

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NESigned into law 05/2009P-12Amends Tax Equity and Educational Opportunities Support Act
L.B. 545
Changes the Tax Equity and Educational Opportunities Support Act pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009; amends provisions regarding the Education Innovation Fund; relates to property taxes; amends provisions regarding expenditures for ...

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GASigned into law 04/2009P-12
Postsec.
Lottery Shortfall Reserve Subaccounts
H.B. 157
Defines "highest year-end balance" as the highest total amount of unexpended and uncommitted funds in the Lottery for Education Account, as determined by the state auditor, at the end of any fiscal year. Replaces certain references to "year-end balance" with "...

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MDApproved by voters 11/2008P-12Lottery Funds for Education
Question 2
Proposes an amendment to the Constitution to authorize video lottery terminal gaming in the State for the primary purpose of providing funds for public education; limits the number of licenses that the State may issue to operate video lottery terminals; limits...

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CAOn June 8 10/2008P-12Finance
V. 24; (NEW BILL)
2010 Ballot., (PROPOSITION TBA; SCA 12, CHAPTER 143, 2008) Proposes an amendment to the State constitution to provide that an additional purpose of the State Lottery is to provide funds for other public purposes. Authorizes the Legislature to obtain moneys for...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12Lottery funds
A.B. 1654
Amends the State Lottery Act of 1984. Provides that the purpose of the act is preservation of the rights, liberties, and welfare of the people by providing additional moneys to benefit education without imposing additional or increased taxes. Relates to distri...

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ORRejected by voters 08/2008P-12Lottery Funds to Early Childhood
Ballot Measure 62
Proposes and amendment to the Constitution to provide a percentage of the net proceeds from the State Lottery shall be deposited in a public safety fund to be distributed to counties to fund early childhood programs for children who are at risk, the criminal ...

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TNSigned into law 06/2008P-12Lottery for Education After School Programs (LEAP) Grant Fund
S.B. 2809
Creates a "lottery for education after school programs (LEAP) grant fund." This bill specifies that in any year that the lottery-funded scholarship program is funded and excess funds from net lottery proceeds are available in the after school account (instead ...

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AROn 11/04/2008 Ballot. 04/2008Postsec.
Community College
Lottery Funds for College Scholarships
Amendment 3
Proposes an amendment to the State Constitution; authorizes the General Assembly to establish, operate, and regulate State lotteries to fund scholarships and grants for state citizens enrolled in certified two- year and four-year colleges and universities.
htt...

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MDEnacted 11/2007P-12Video Lottery Funding for Education
H.B. 4A
Adds a new article to the State Constitution to authorize video lottery terminal gaming in the State for the primary purpose of providing funds for public education; limits the number of video lottery terminals; limits the number of licenses that the State may...

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INIssued 12/2006Postsec.
Community College
Scholarships
E.O. 06-18
Designates the Indiana Finance Authority as the entity to oversee and execute financial transactions in connection with the governor's 2007 higher education initiative.
http://www.in.gov/gov/press/media/eo/EO_06-18.pdf...

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TNSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Postsec.
At-Risk Student After School Programs
S.B. 3113; H.B. 3249
Concerns Lottery, Scholarships and Programs; creates pilot after school program for at-risk students to prepare for ACT and SAT examinations funded by net state lottery proceeds. Public Chaptered. Chapter No. 685
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/curren...

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TNSigned into law 05/2006P-12
Postsec.
Lottery Funds for Teacher Scholarships
S.B. 2724; H.B. 3720
Concerns Lottery, Scholarships and Programs; establishes lottery scholarship program to enable tenured public school teachers to obtain advanced degrees.
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/SB2724.pdf...

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TNSigned into law 05/2006P-12Lottery Revenues for Education
H.B. 2812; S.B.2682
Concerns Lottery, Scholarships and Programs; redistributes unclaimed lottery prize money from 50 percent future prize pool and 50 percent after school programs special account to 100 percent after school programs special account.
http://www.legislature.state.t...

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NMSigned into law 03/2006Postsec.
Community College
Lottery Tuition Fund
S.B. 155
From fiscal impact statement: This bill does not contain an appropriation; however, enactment of this legislation is likely to have a significant impact on the expenditure of the Lottery Tuition Fund. The lack of clear statutory definitions of "tuition" and "g...

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FLSigned into law 05/2005P-12
Postsec.
Use of Lottery Money
H.B. 841
States that eighty percent of all unclaimed lottery prize money must be deposited in the Educational Enhancement Trust Fund. Allows these funds to be used to match private contributions received under the postsecondary matching grant programs. Reduces from all...

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WVSigned into law 06/2004P-12Supplementary Appropriations
S.B. 2007
Makes supplementary appropriation to department of education from net lottery proceeds....

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FLBecame law without governor's signature 05/2004P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Education Funding
H.B. 1867
Relates to education funding; requires school districts to establish certain policies and procedures regarding lottery fund enhancements; provides tax credit cap for contributions to nonprofit scholarship-funding organizations; prohibits use of funds for lab s...

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TNSigned into law 05/2004P-12Lottery Corporation Committee
S.B. 2115
Adds the Select Committee on the Tennessee Education Lottery Corporation to education committees as committees reviewing governor's proposed appropriations for educational programs and purposes prior to final action by the finance, ways and means committees....

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FLSigned into law 11/2003P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Unclaimed Lottery Prize Money
H.B. 43
Requires specified unclaimed lottery prize money be transferred to the Educational Enhancement Trust Fund; provides an appropriation from the trust fund to community colleges as matching funds for certain private donations; provides appropriation from the trus...

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LAApproved by voters 10/2003P-12Lottery Proceeds Fund to Education Foundation Program
Ballot Measure 9 (HB 583)
To require that monies in the Lottery Proceeds Fund be annually appropriated by the legislature for the minimum foundation program of education for public elementary and secondary schools and up to five hundred thousand dollars for services related to compulsi...

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FLSigned into law 06/2003P-12Educational Enhancement Trust Fund
S.B. 28 - A
Increases amounts to be deposited into the Educational Enhancement Trust Fund; provides for construction of act in pari materia with laws enacted during Regular Session of Legislature; amends percentage from 30% to 39% of gross revenue from sale of on- line lo...

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MOSigned into law 06/2003P-12
Postsec.
Distribution of the Gaming Commission Fund
H.B. 444
Alters the distribution of Gaming Commission Fund; provides funds for veterans facilities, the National Guard College Trust, early childhood development education, and the College Guaranty Fund.

http://www.house.state.mo.us/bills03/biltxt/truly/HB0444T.HTM...

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OKSigned into law 06/2003P-12Oklahoma Education Lottery Act
H.B. 1278
Creates the Oklahoma Education Lottery Act to be submitted to the voters for their approval at the November 2004 General Election. If approved by the voters, the Oklahoma Education Lottery would be governed by the seven member Oklahoma Lottery Commission. At ...

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TNSigned into law 06/2003P-12
Postsec.
State Lottery
S.B. 437
SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 49, Chapter 4, is amended by adding the following as a new part: § 49-4-901. Net proceeds of the state lottery shall be used exclusively for the purposes set out in Article XI, Section 5 of the Constitution of Tenness...

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OKSigned into law 05/2003P-12Crimes And Punishments
S.B. 837
Allows raffles to be conducted by churches, schools and affiliated entities, and certain organizations and states that such raffles are not a violation of lottery or gambling laws of the state. Any raffle conducted by a qualified organization must be conducte...

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OKTo governor 04/2003P-12
Postsec.
Constitutional Amendment
S.J.R. 22
Proposes an amendment to the Constitution creating the Education Lottery Trust Fund consisting of funds transferred from the Education Lottery; requires the trust fund to be expended only for certain education-related purposes, including support of public scho...

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TNApproved by voters 11/2002P-12
Postsec.
State Lottery for Education
Constitutional Amendment 1
Amendment to the Constitution (Article XI, Section 5) permitting the legislature to authorize a state lottery if the net proceeds of the lottery's revenues are allocated to provide financial assistance to state citizens to attend in-state postsecondary educati...

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FLSigned into law 05/2002P-12Lottery Revenues for Public Education
H.B. 2011
Authorizes the Department of the Lottery to determine a variable percentage of revenue from instant lottery tickets, including on-line, that is to be returned in the form of prizes; provides rules for the allocation of lottery revenues and expenditure of funds...

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VASigned into law 03/2002P-12Lottery Funds for Education
H.B. 438
Permits the State Lottery board to expend funds to inform the public that net proceeds from the Lottery are used entirely and solely for the purpose of public education; creates the Lottery Proceeds Fund as a special nonreverting fund to which the Comptroller ...

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VASigned into law 03/2002P-12Lottery Proceeds Fund
S.B. 50
Establishes the Lottery Proceeds Fund that is authorized as of July 1, 2001, in Section 7-A of Article X of the Constitution of Virginia. The Fund will consist of the net revenues of any lottery conducted by the Commonwealth and will be appropriated to localit...

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SCSigned into law 06/2001P-12Education Lottery Act
S.B. 496
Enacts the State Education Lottery Act; provides for a state lottery; creates the State Education Lottery Corporation to conduct the state lottery; provides for the corporation's board membership, duties and powers; provides for the method of contracting with ...

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TN2002 November Ballot 06/2001Postsec.Lottery Ballot Initiative
V. 1
LOTTERY AND GAMING (TNSJR1-2001) Proposes an amendment to article XI, Section 5, of the Constitution of Tennessee, relating to lotteries; provides that the net proceeds are state allocated to enable citizens of the state to attend postsecondary educational ins...

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NESigned into law 05/2001P-12Distance Education Funding
L.B. 833
Changes the allocation of the Education Innovation Fund in 2001-02 and 2002-03. The bill provides that up to 20% of the Education Innovation Fund (lottery proceeds), not to exceed $1.5 million per fiscal year, will be granted for a distance education network c...

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NMVetoed 04/2001P-12Lottery Success Fund
H.B. 22
Amends the New Mexico Lottery Act to increase the distribution of net lottery revenue allocated to the Lottery Tuition Fund, changes the distribution of lottery proceeds from the public school capital outlay fund to the educational technology fund, adds langua...

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NMSigned into law 04/2001Postsec.Lottery Funds
S.B. 59
The "lottery tuition fund" is created in the state treasury. The fund shall be administered by the commission on higher education. Earnings from investment of the fund shall accrue to the credit of the fund. Any balance in the fund at the end of any fiscal yea...

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ALApproved by voters 11/2000P-12BINGO for Education
V. 13
PROPOSED AMENDMENT NUMBER 11 (ACT NO. 2000-401) Amends the State Constitution; legalizes the operation of bingo games for prizes or money for charitable or educational purposes in the Town of White Hall in Lowndes County....

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ARUnofficially rejected by Voters 11/2000P-12State Lottery for Education
V. 5
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT NO. 5 (Opinion 99-245) Amends the State Constitution. Establishes a State Lottery; permits charitable bingo games and raffles; allows Arkansas Casino Corporation to own and operate 6 casino gambling establishments (one each in Sebastia...

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COApproved by Voters 11/2000P-12Expanding the State Lottery
V. 1
REFERENDUM E (SB 84, 2000) Asks whether the Colorado Lottery Commission should be authorized to enter into multistate agreements allowing Colorado residents to play multistate lottery games; transfers a portion of the net proceeds from all lottery programs, in...

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SCApproved by voters 11/2000P-12Lottery
V. 2
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT NO. 1 Amends the State Constitution; deletes prohibitions on lotteries, their advertising and ticket sales; provides that lotteries may be conducted only by the State in the manner that the General Assembly provides by law, with the lo...

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CAVetoed 09/2000Postsec.Lottery Money for Higher Ed.
A.B. 2565
Relates to public postsecondary education. Increases the percentage of lottery moneys that may be pledged under the program to the equivalent of 50% of the amount allocated in the 1996-97 fiscal year. Makes an appropriation by authorizing more funds to be depo...

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WAApproved by voters 06/2000P-12Ballot Initiative - Student Achievement Fund
Initiative 728
INITIATIVE 728: Shall school districts reduce class sizes, extend learning programs, expand teacher training, and construct facilities, funded by lottery proceeds, existing property taxes, and budget reserves? ...

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FLSigned into law 04/2000P-12Lottery Capital Outlay and Debt Service Fund
H.B. 627
Creates Lottery Capital Outlay and Debt Service Trust Fund within the Education Department; provides for sources of funds; provides purposes; provides for annual carry forward of funds; provides for transfer of certain funds to trust fund; proclaims that trust...

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NMSigned into law 03/2000P-12
Postsec.
Lottery Distributions
S.B. 114
Relates to equal lottery revenue distributions....

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VASigned into law 02/2000P-12Lottery Proceeds Fund
H.B. 749
Provides for a referendum at the November 7, 2000, election to approve or reject an amendment requiring the General Assembly to establish a Lottery Proceeds Fund which will consist of the new revenues from any lottery conducted by the Commonwealth; requires pr...

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VASigned into law 02/2000P-12Referendum to Establish Lottery
S.B. 546
Provides for a referendum at the election to approve or reject an amendment requiring the General Assembly to establish a Lottery Proceeds Fund which will consist of the net revenues from any lottery conducted by the Commonwealth; provides that proceeds from t...

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ALDied 10/1999P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Lottery Initiative
V. 1
(ACT No. 99-08 CA) Amends the Constitution of Alabama. Establishes an Alabama Education Lottery, an Alabama Education Lottery Corporation, and a Lottery Trust Fund. Provides for the allocation of the Lottery proceeds to fund tuition grants, loans, scholarships...

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ALSigned into law 06/1999P-12Establishes Office of Information Technology
H.B. 586/S.B. 385
Establishes the Office of Information Technology; provides for director appointed by governor; provides for distribution of lottery funds to public schools and public institutions of higher education....

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ALSigned into law 03/1999Postsec.Education Lottery
H.B. 73
Relates to the Education Lottery Corporation and Lottery Trust Fund; provides for the distribution of revenues; provides for a constitutional amendment....

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GASigned into law 04/1998P-12
S.R. 529 Education Appropriation
NOTE: NOT PASSED BY VOTERS AS OF 9/98 Relates to Education Appropriation: proposes and amendment to the Constitution so as to specify the educational purposes and programs for which lottery proceeds may be appropriated and expended; provides for submission of ...

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NMDied 02/1997P-12
S.B. 483 State Lottery Revenues
Relates to state lottery revenues; changes the disposition of net lottery revenues to earmark sixty percent for public school, middle school and junior high school extracurricular activities; creates a fund; makes an appropriation; amends an enacting session o...

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NCDied 07/1996P-12
H.B. 60 & S.B. 28 State Lottery to Provide Funds for Educational Purposes
Establishes a State Lottery to provide funds for educational purposes, subject to statewide referendum; creates State Lottery Commisssiom; provides for membership and duties; restricts games to be offered, specifies ticket criterica; requires independent audit...

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GASigned into law 04/1996P-12
S.B. 46 Finance Lotteries
Relates to definitions applicable to the "Georgia Lottery for Education Act"; changes the definition of the term "educational purposes and programs"; authorizes appropriations from the Lottery for Education Account for the purpose of providing teachers and per...

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+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
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+ Health
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+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
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+ High School
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+ Instructional Approaches
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+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Teaching Across Disciplines
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+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
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+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
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+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
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+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
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+ P-16 or P-20
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+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Remediation (K-12)
+ Rural
+ Scale-Up/Replication
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Social/Emotional Learning and Non-Cognitive Skills
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models