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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management MN Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 School Board Guidance - Individualized Learning H.F. 2949 Provides that school boards may consider how to: (1) assist schools in adapting instruction to individual students needs/abilities and estab... More... CT Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Secondary School Reform Act Delay/Teacher Evaluations/Tenure/Student Governance Councils/6th Grade Student Success Plan H.B. 6498 Secondary School Reform Act - Delays by two years the implementation of the secondary school reform requirements enacted in 2010 that: (1) I... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 District- and Campus-Level Planning and Decision-Making Committees S.B. 778 Includes professional staff who educate students with disabilities on district-level and campus-level planning and decision-making committee... More... NV Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Empowerment schools S.B. 196 Removes the restriction on the number of empowerment schools that may be established statewide and removes the prospective expiration of the... More... KY Signed into law 03/2011 P-12 Filling Principal and Personnel Vacancies S.B. 12 Directs the superintendent, when a principal is filling a personnel vacancy at the school, to provide additional applicants to the principal... More... WV Signed into law 07/2010 P-12 School-level Collaborative Teams S.B. 2006 Encourages teacher collaboration through the establishment of alternative school-level decision-making bodies; creates a process for schools... More... CT Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 School Governance Council S.B. 438 - Sec. 21 Permits the local/regional board of education for a school that has been identified as in need of improvement pursuant or designated as a lo... More... KY Signed into law 01/2010 P-12 Interventions for Persistently Low-Achieving Schools and Advanced Placement H.B. 176 Amends accountability provisions in KRS 160.346. Defines "persistently low-achieving school". Defines "school intervention" as a process cho... More... MA Signed into law 01/2010 P-12 Innovation Schools S.B. 2247; (NEW BILL) An Innovation School shall be a public school, operating within a public school district, that is established for the purpose of improving s... More... IL Signed into law 11/2009 P-12 Chicago Educational Facilities Task Force H.B. 363 Requires the establishment of a Chicago Educational Facilities Task Force in order to ensure that school facility-related decisions are made... More... NY Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 New York City Board A.B. 8903 - New York City Board Powers and Duties Substantially amends powers and duties of New York City board, authorizing the board to: (1) Approve all regulations proposed by the chance... More... NY Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Community Superintendents A.B. 8903 - Community Superintendents Amends provisions regarding community superintendents in New York City. Clarifies that a community superintendent's delegation of powers or ... More... NY Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 School Based Management Team A.B. 8903 - School Based Management Team Amends section 2590-i regarding powers and duties of principals and schools in New York City. Clarifies that a school principal must carry o... More... NY Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 School Based Budgeting and Expenditure Reporting A.B. 8903 - School Based Budgeting and Expenditure Reporting Amends section 2590-r, relating to school based budgeting and expenditure reporting in New York City. Existing law directs principals to dev... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 Financial Reporting and Minimum Standards H.B. 1 - Section 3301.07 Partially from the DOE summary of H.B. 1:Modifies the current requirement for the state board to develop a standard for reporting financial ... More... MN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Site Governing Schools H.F. 2 Allows a school board to approve site-governed schools by requesting site-governing school proposals from groups of licensed professionals a... More... MN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Innovative Education H.F. 2 Establishes a nine-member advisory council to advise and make recommendations to the commissioner on site-governed schools, innovation in sc... More... MN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Innovative Education H.F. 2 Establishes a nine-member advisory council to advise and make recommendations to the commissioner on site-governed schools, innovation in sc... More... UT Adopted 05/2009 P-12 School Community Councils R277-491 Specifies that local boards and the state charter school board are responsible for school community council operations, plans, oversight and... More... KY Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Background Check for Parent Members of School Councils S.B. 148 Requires a criminal records check for parent members of school-based decision making councils. Allows members to serve prior to the report b... More... KY Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Local School Council Duties S.B. 1 Section 12 Requires each school council to adopt policies related to mandated analysis of its program review findings and determining how it will addre... More... KY Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Transition in Writing Program S.B. 1 Section 16 Provides that whereas writing is an essential skill for all public school students to master; and whereas the 2009-10 and 2010-11 school yea... More... IL Signed into law 12/2008 P-12 School Council Members, Law Enforcement Drills S.B. 2688 Amends Chicago School District Article of School Code. Provides if the child of a parent school council member dies during term in office, t... More... UT Adopted 12/2008 P-12 School Community Councils R277-491 Proposes rule to provide direction to school districts and schools in establishing and maintaining school community councils. http://www.rul... More... KY Signed into law 04/2008 P-12 Appointment of Principal Vacancies S.B. 86 Existing law requires the school council to fill principal vacancies by selecting the new principal from individuals recommended by the loca... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 School Community Council Communications Requirements H.B. 189 Requires a school community council to provide the following information to each household that has a student attending the school: (1) A sc... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Election of Members of School Community Councils H.B. 127 Modifies the Strategic Planning Act for Educational Excellence by amending provisions for the election of members of school community counci... More... NV Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Empowerment Schools S.B. 238 Authorizes the boards of trustees of school districts to establish a program of empowerment schools for the public schools of the school dis... More... GA Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Charter Systems Act S.B. 39 Enacts the Charter Systems Act. Amends definitions of "charter," "charter petitioner," "local revenue," and "petition," and adding definitio... More... GA Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Membership of School Councils S.B. 72 (Section 1) Specifies that parents of students enrolled in the school must comprise a majority of school council members. Replaces prior requirement tha... More... GA Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 School Administrative Managers S.B. 72 (Section 2) Authorizes local districts to hire school administrative managers in lieu of or in addition to assistant principals. Provides that such scho... More... IA Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Teacher Quality Committee S.F. 277 (Section 17) Strikes Section 284.4, subsection 1, paragraph c, which made a district eligible for student achievement and teaching quality monies if the ... More... UT Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 School Council Membership S.B. 49 Clarifies definitions for purposes of membership. "Parent or guardian member" means a parent or guardian of a student who is attending the s... More... CA Signed into law 09/2005 P-12 Site Based Decisionmaking Pilot Program S.B. 1053 Establishes the Local Improvement Program as a pilot program, with up to 5% of all public schools and up to 15 school districts participatin... More... MN Signed into law 07/2005 P-12 Site based management team H.F. 141 - Multiple Components A school site decision-making team must include at east one parent of a pupil in the school. For purposes of formation of a new site, a sch... More... HI Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 School Community Council's Responsibilities S.B. 1253 Clarifies a school community council's responsibilities. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/bills/sb1253_cd1_.htm... More... AZ Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 School Council Membership S.B. 1011 Provides that a parent or guardian who is employed by a school district may serve as a member of a school council if not employed at the sam... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Postsec. Open Meetings and Open Records Information H.B. 77 Requires the attorney general to distribute Open Meetings and Open Records Act information to local government officials, superintendents of... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Postsec. Community College Student Achievement Improvement H.B. 93 (Section 1, multiple provisions) Sets forth legislative intent related to early diagnosis of and intervention for elementary students struggling in reading and mathematics, ... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Mathematics Achievement Fund H.B. 93 (Section 3) Creates the mathematics achievement fund to provide developmentally appropriate diagnostic assessment and intervention services to students,... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Roles of School Councils, Local Boards and Superintendents in Achieving State Education Goals H.B. 93 (Section 1, paragraphs 8-10) (8) School councils at all school levels are encouraged to identify and allocate resources to qualified teachers to become coaches or mentor... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Health and Nutrition in Schools S.B. 172 Beginning with the 2006-2007 school year, requires each school to limit access to no more than one day each week to retail fast foods in the... More... CA Vetoed 09/2004 P-12 Pupil Achievement Grant Program A.B. 2152 Establishes the Pupil Achievement Grant Program to consolidate funding and provide flexibility at the schoolsite in the use of funds from sp... More... HI Signed into law 07/2004 P-12 Education Reform H.B. 2002 The education reform in this Act shall be known as the "Reinventing Education Act of 2004." The provisions include (1) establishing a weight... More... TN Signed into law 06/2004 P-12 Low Performing Schools and Districts H.B. 1175 Chapter No. 832. Renames low performing schools and school districts as high priority schools and school districts; allows the commissioner ... More... GA Signed into law 05/2004 P-12 Education Provisions H.B. 1190 Provides for the revision of certain provisions regarding education flexibility and accountability; requires the State Board of Education to... More... HI Veto override 05/2004 P-12 Reinventing Education Act of 2004 S.B. 3238 Establishes a weighted student formula; provides additional information technology; empowers principals through a Hawaii principals academy ... More... KS Signed into law 05/2004 P-12 Multiple Provisions S.B. 304 Concerns the computation of the amount of state financial aid received by school districts that consolidate; establishes the Center for Inno... More... KY Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 School Councils S.B. 111 Requires a scholastic audit team, when auditing a school that for two successive accountability cycles has failed to meet its goal, to inclu... More... TN Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Public Education S.B. 1024 Allows the Commissioner of Education to authorize up to 16 school systems to operate as alternative education programs which emphasize scho... More... AZ Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 School Councils Membership S.B. 1228 Ensures individuals who are affected by the outcome of a decision at a school site share in the decision making process; establishes the com... More... KS Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Johnson County Advisory Boards S.B. 82 Makes it optional rather than mandatory for each member district of Johnson County to have a five-member advisory board. Modifies membership... More... KY Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 School Council Member Training S.B. 134 Specifies that experienced school council members, who are already required to complete three clock hours of training in school-based decisi... More... NM Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Advisory School Councils H.B. 212 (Omnibus Bill) Adds Section 22-5-16. Requries each school to create an advisory school council, to reflect a balance of employees and parents and comunity... More... MA Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Parent Advisory Councils for Parents of English Language Learners H.B. 5010 Establishes in each district serving at least 50 students in English language learners program a parent advisory council comprised of parent... More... FL Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 School Advisory Council Bylaws H.B. 1661 Requires school advisory councils to adopt bylaws that are subject to approval by the district school board; requires that the bylaws includ... More... KY Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Principal Hiring by School Councils H.B. 55 Allows building principal applicants considered by school-based decision making councils until September 15 to provide evidence that they ar... More... UT Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 School Community Councils S.B. 167 Specifies the duties, powers, and membership of a school community council and establishes a process for the selection of council members. ... More... IN Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Local School Improvement Committee Membership S.B. 165 Beginning in 2004-05 school year, the makeup of any local school improvement committee is to be determined by IC 20-10.2... More... WV Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 School Personnel Laws S.B. 227 Requires first-class permits for superintendents; provides that principals chair the process for interviewing prospective professional and p... More... RI Signed into law 07/2000 P-12 School Improvement Teams H.B. 7415 Establishes school improvement teams for each school in preparation and evaluation of the school improvement plan.... More... KY Signed into law 04/2000 P-12 School-Based Decisionmaking S.B. 76 Deletes the requirement that teacher representatives on school-based decision making councils be Kentucky residents, allows a school distric... More... GA Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Omnibus Bill - Local School Councils Component H.B. 1187 Mandates school councils at each school. The councils must be made up of the principal of the school, two parents, two teachers, and two bus... More... KY Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 School Councils S.B. 265 Requires that a parent member on a school council not be an employee or a relative of an employee of the school in which the parent serves; ... More... NC Signed into law 07/1999 P-12 School Improvement Team Elections H.B. 1150 Provides for the election of members of school improvement teams.... More... RI Became law without governor's signature 07/1999 P-12 School Committees and Superintendents S.B. 1069 Provides that the city council of Woonsocket set annual salaries for the members of the school committee.... More... TX Signed into law 06/1999 P-12 Requirements for Purchasing H.B. 2021 Relates to the requirements for purchasing in school districts that adopt site based decision making plans.... More... AZ Died 06/1998 P-12 S.B. 1189 School District Budgeting Relates to school district budgeting.... More... FL Signed into law 05/1998 P-12 H.B. 3901 BECAME LAW WITHOUT GOVERNOR'S SIGNATURE . Provides additional requirement for school district receipt of lottery funds; provides name requi... More... AZ Signed into law 04/1997 P-12 H.B. 2474 Establishment of a School Counciland Delegating Responsibilities Relates to school councils; provides that each school shall establish a school council; states that governing board may delegate to school c... More... AR Signed into law 03/1997 P-12 H.B. 1283 Relates to granting local school districts greater flexibility in purchasing instructional materials.... More... UT Passed 06/1996 P-12 R277-417 Site Based Decision Making Program (Effective: 07/16/96) Repeals Site Based Decision Making Program and any attached appropriation.... More... AZ Signed into law 05/1996 P-12 H.B. 2253 Expanding Local School Council Authority The authority of local school councils (which the law requires school boards to appoint) is expanded by requiring school boards to delegate ... More... KY Signed into law 04/1996 P-12 S.B. 87 Site Based Management Relates to school-based decision making, to allow parents of students entering the school during the next school year to vote for the parent... More... KY Signed into law 04/1996 P-12 S.B. 395 School-Based Decision Relates to school administrators; requires that the superintendent hire the school principal after consultation with the school-based decisi... More... VA Died 04/1996 P-12 H.B. 1408 Site Based Management Establishes definitions, mechanisms, limitations, etc., for the granting of contracts for enhanced site-based management to public schools; ... More... KY Signed into law 03/1996 P-12 H.B. 464 School Based Decision Making Report (Effective: 03/29/96) Relates to school based decision making, to permit local boards to include by policy a requirement that school council... More... KY Signed into law 03/1996 P-12 H.B. 205 Training for School Based Decision Making Council Members (Effective: 03/01/96) Requires training approved by the Department of Education on the school-based decision making process for all school b... More... AZ Died 01/1996 P-12 S.B. 1192 Reverse Authority Reverses the requirement for a school council to operate under the authority of the principal to say that the council is to establish polici... More... KY Died 01/1996 P-12 H.B. 42 School Based Decision Making Relates to school based decision making and declares an emergency; relates to school based decision making, to add two student members elect... More... MN Died 01/1996 P-12 H.B. 2490/S.B. 2057 Site Based Decision Making Provides site decision making options for schools, requiring fund allocations by site.... More... UT Died 01/1996 P-12 S.B. 30 Site Based Education Site Based Decision Making Amendments relates to public education; requiring school districts to develop guidelines and policies for the imp... More... IL Signed into law 08/1995 P-12 H.B. 731 Site Based Management Amends the School Code to provide that persons who have been convicted of certain specified criminal offenses are ineligible to serve as mem... More... KS Signed into law 05/1995 P-12 H.B. 2173 Elementary and Secondary H.B. 2173, as it pertains to accreditation of schools, eliminated the statutory listing of the ten outcomes of the school accreditation syst... More... AR Signed into law 04/1995 P-12 H.B. 1933 - Site Based Management Requires school districts to adopt policies for implementing site-based decision making in district schools.... More... PA Died 04/1995 P-12 Governor Ridge Unveils "KIDS" Plan to Reform and Improve Education Governor Tom Ridge announced a comprehensive education reform initiative aimed at improving Pennsylvania schools, returning control of educa... More... ND Signed into law 03/1995 P-12 H.B. 1270 - Performance Standards and Assessments Repeals student performance standards and assessments and school district policies and plans for participating in school decisionmaking (15-... More... KY Signed into law 06/1994 P-12 S.B. 51 Minority Member on School Based Decision Council A minority member must serve on a school based decision making council for schools with 8% or more minority student enrollment. If these cou... More... NV Signed into law 06/1994 P-12 S.B. 91 School Based Decision Making Authorizes the board of trustees for each school district to establish rules concerning school based decision making for public schools with... More... Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child