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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse MI Signed into law 12/2012 P-12 Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Abuse of Children S.B. 1112 Creates the Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Abuse of Children. Specified membership requirements.Specified responsibilities of Task F... More... CA Signed into law 08/2012 P-12 Heritage Schools S.B. 1137 From bill summary: Requires each heritage school's electronic registration form filed with the superintendent of public instruction to inclu... More... CA Signed into law 08/2012 P-12 Child Sexual Abuse Curriculum S.C.R. 73 Encourages districts to include age-appropriate instruction related to child sexual abuse in their curriculum to help pupils understand the ... More... MO Signed into law 07/2012 P-12 Child Abuse S.B. 599-Child Abuse Under current law, if a school receives a report of child abuse arising from school personnel following the district's policy on spanking or... More... TX Adopted 07/2012 P-12 Postsec. Campus Programs for Minors 25 TAC 265.401, 402, 403, 404, 405 From Texas Register: Establishes requirements regarding sexual abuse and child molestation training and examination for employees of certain... More... GA Signed into law 05/2012 P-12 Postsec. Child Abuse and Child Sexual Abuse H.B. 1176 Existing law includes child service organization personnel among those who must report suspected child abuse. New provision defines "child s... More... ID Issued 05/2012 P-12 Task Force for Children at Risk of Abuse 2012 Idaho Executive Order 12-03 Orders the continuance of the Governor's Task Force on Children at Risk (Task Force). The Task Force is responsible for reviewing and devel... More... VT Signed into law 05/2012 P-12 Abuse Reporting S.B. 113 - Section on Reporting Abuse Includes the governing body of each approved or recognized independent school in the requirement to provide comprehensive health education a... More... FL Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Postsec. Child Abuse and Child Sexual Abuse H.B. 1355 Revises language concerning child abuse reporting. Requires any person with knowledge or reasonable suspicion of child abuse by person other... More... VA Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Child Abuse and Neglect; Mandatory Reporting, Penalties S.B. 239 Adds individuals associated with or employed by any public organization responsible for the care, custody, or control of children and any pe... More... VA Signed into law 04/2012 Postsec. Child Abuse and Neglect; Mandatory Reporting H.B. 970 Adds any person employed by a public or private institution of higher education to the list of individuals required to report suspected abus... More... IN Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 Education Concerning Child Abuse S.B. 267 Requires the department of education, in collaboration with the department of child services and organizations that have expertise in child ... More... VA Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 List of Persons Required to Report Suspected Child Abuse or Neglect H.B. 3 Adds athletic coaches, directors, employees, and volunteers of private sports organizations and teams and administrators, employees, and vol... More... OR Signed into law 02/2012 P-12 Child Abuse H.B. 4016 Expands definition of a public/private official for purposes of reporting abuse or sexual abuse to include an employee of a higher education... More... IL Signed into law 08/2011 P-12 Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect H.B. 2093 Amends the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act. Extends the list of persons required to report child abuse or neglect to include any ph... More... CT Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Expands Required Reporting of Child Abuse of Neglect H.B. 5431 Expands the state's "mandated reporter" law, which generally requires specified professionals to report to the Department of Children and Fa... More... MO Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Child Protective Service S.B. 54 Grants the Office of the Child Advocate the authority to file any findings or reports of the Child Advocate regarding the parent or child wi... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Sexual Abuse and Maltreatment of Children S.B. 471 Requires district improvement plans to include provisions for the policy under Section 38.0041 addressing sexual abuse and other maltreatmen... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Training on Sexual Abuse and Child Molestation for Staff at Postsecondary Programs for Minors S.B. 1414 Defines "campus program for minors" as a program operated by or on the campus of a public or private/independent institution of higher educa... More... AR Signed into law 04/2011 P-12 Monitoring Changes in Child Abuse Laws S.B. 323 Requires districts to update school policies when a law regarding child abuse is amended or added to the Arkansas code. Requires board of di... More... AR Signed into law 04/2011 P-12 Training on Recognizing Child Abuse S.B. 527 Requires districts to provide in-service training to licensed school personnel on the signs of child sexual abuse and other forms of child m... More... IL Signed into law 02/2011 P-12 Preventing Sexual Abuse of Children S.B. 2843 Creates the Task Force on the Prevention of Sexual Abuse of Children in the department of Children and Family Services. Includes the state s... More... CO Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Reporting of Child Abuse S.B. 152 Requires a county department of social services to provide information to a mandatory reporter concerning the mandatory reporter's report to... More... CT Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Children's Trust Fund S.B. 438 - Sec. 24 Establishes a Children's Trust Fund to fund programs aimed at preventing child abuse and neglect and family resource programs. Also establis... More... KY Signed into law 04/2010 P-12 Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma H.B. 285 Encourages high schools to include a segment on prevention of pediatric abusive head trauma during a student's final year of study. Provides... More... ME Signed into law 04/2010 P-12 Implements Recommendations of the Juvenile Justice Task Force H.B. 1204 Directs the Departments of Corrections, Education, Health and Human Services, and Labor to develop a jointly agreed-upon statewide coordinat... More... CA Vetoed 10/2009 P-12 Immigration Agents, Immigration Status and Care for Neglected Pupils A.B. 132 Creates new Section 32297. Provides that immigration agents shall not interfere with the education of pupils. Specifies that this policy not... More... IL Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Ensuring Success in School Task Force H.B. 605 Requires the Ensuring Success in School Task Force, created to address the educational and related needs of elementary and secondary educati... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 In-Service Training on Violence Prevention H.B. 1 - Section 3319.073 Partially from DOE summary of H.B. 1: Extends to public middle and high schools a requirement that under existing law applies to public ele... More... OR Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Child Abuse S.B. 123 Requires the Department of Human Services to release records related to child abuse to the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission for in... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Child Sexual Abuse and Child Abuse H.B. 1041 Requires districts to adopt policies regarding sexual abuse of children. Specifies that policies must address methods of increasing parent, ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Child Abuse and Teacher Certification H.B. 2876 Relates to the authority of an administrative law judge to order the release of information concerning a child abuse and neglect investigati... More... TN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Private Schools to Cooperate in Child Abuse Investigations S.B. 1740 Requires private schools and church-related schools to turn over records on a child who is the subject of a child abuse investigation and to... More... ME Signed into law 04/2009 P-12 Reporting Child Abuse H.B. 315 Requires school bus drivers and school bus attendants to report, or cause a report to be made, to the Department of Health and Human Service... More... VT Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Comprehensive Statewide Approach to Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse S.B. 13 Intended to implement the November 2008 Report of the Senate Committee on Judiciary's 34-Point Comprehensive Plan for Vermont's Sexual Abuse... More... CA Signed into law 09/2008 P-12 Child care A.B. 2759 Recasts provisions of existing law as the State Preschool Program. Deletes campus child care and development programs and child abuse protec... More... IL Signed into law 08/2008 P-12 Child Abuse Reporting H.B. 4252 Provides that if a school district employee has made a report of suspected child abuse to the department of children and family services inv... More... MA Signed into law 07/2008 P-12 Commission on Grandparents Raising Grandchildren H.B. 4905 Provides for protection of children in the care of the Commonwealth to include a commission on grandparents raising grandchildren, child abu... More... OK Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Ability to Search for Criminal Conduct S.B. 1601 Finds that licensed child care facilities and other organizations serving children, together with all parents and guardians, should be able ... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Child Abuse and Neglect H.B. 374 Amends provisions of the Human Services Code relating to prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect. Provides that a local board of... More... UT Adopted 01/2008 P-12 Educator Standards R277-515 Provides definitions, standards for educators as role models, standards for educators to maintain a safe learning environment, standards for... More... MA Issued 12/2007 P-12 Office of the Child Advocate Executive Order 494 Establishes the Office of the Child Advocate within the Executive Office and sets means of appointment, duties, etc.. The Office of the Chil... More... NJ Signed into law 12/2007 P-12 Notifying Division of Youth and Family Services of Certain Absences A.B. 868 Requires school districts to notify Division of Youth and Family Services of certain pupil absences; relates to abused and neglected childre... More... IL Signed into law 08/2007 P-12 Mandated Child Abuse Reporters S.B. 1428 Amends the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act. Adds members of a school board, the Chicago Board of Education, or the governing body o... More... IL Signed into law 08/2007 P-12 Ensuring Success in School Task Force H.B. 1330 Requires the state board of education to convene an Ensuring Success in School Task Force to develop policies and procedures for addressing ... More... NJ Signed into law 08/2007 P-12 Child Abuse Prevention S.B. 1217 Expands responsibilities of New Jersey Task Force on Child Abuse and Neglect; requires the task force to education the public about the prob... More... NY Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 Reporting Child Abuse S.B. 3913 Provides for school officials, including a school teacher, guidance counselor, school social worker and school nurse, to report in their pro... More... OR Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 Training on Child Abuse Prevention S.B. 379 Directs education providers to provide to school employees training on child abuse prevention and identification and to make training availa... More... TX Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Prevention of Child Abuse S.B. 1456 Requires the Texas Education Agency to maintain on its website links to information regarding the prevention of child abuse and to develop a... More... OR Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Disclosure of Suspected Child Abuse S.B. 380 Upon request from a law enforcement agency, the Department of Human Services or the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission, a school dis... More... TN Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Procedures in Investigating Child Abuse H.B. 2230 Clarifies that nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit any hospital, clinic, school, or other organization responsible for th... More... TX Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Disclosure of Identity of Victim of Abuse S.B. 606 Provide that the name of a student or minor who is the victim of abuse or unlawful conduct by an educator must be included in a report filed... More... MD Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Child Abuse Reporting H.B. 1332; S.B 876 Provides that specified provisions pertaining to the disclosure of a report or record of suspected child abuse to public schools be made app... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Training in Prevention of Child Abuse H.B. 276-- Sec. 3319.073 Sec. 3319.073 requires each person employed by any school district or service center to work in an elementary school as a nurse, teacher, co... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Transfer of Confidential Information, Professional Misconduct H.B. 79-- Secs. 5153.175, 5126.253 Requires that information about professional misconduct or child abuse or neglect committed by a person licensed by the State Board of Educa... More... NY Vetoed 09/2006 P-12 Coursework and Training for Persons Required to Report Suspected Child Abuse S.B. 7660 Requires school superintendents, teachers and certain other licensed professionals officials required to report suspected child abuse or mal... More... NY Signed into law 08/2006 P-12 Zero Tolerance for Child Abuse and Maltreatment S.B. 8131 Authorizes the office of children and family services to conduct a public education campaign relating to zero tolerance for child abuse and ... More... NY Signed into law 08/2006 P-12 Child Abuse Medical Provider Program (CHAMP) S.B. 7643 Establishes the child abuse medical provider program (CHAMP) to improve access to quality medical care for suspected child abuse victims by ... More... NY Signed into law 08/2006 P-12 Reporting and Investigation of Educational Neglect S.B. 8183 Directs the commissioner of the office of children and family services and the education department to develop procedures for the reporting ... More... WV Signed into law 07/2006 P-12 Child Abuse Prevention Programs & Background Checks H.B. 101A Relates to the Child Protection Act with provisions requiring county boards of education, to the extent funds are provided, to establish pro... More... FL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Office of Child Abuse and Protection H.B. 7173 Creates the Office of Child Abuse and Prevention within the Executive Office of the Governor; provides procedures for evaluation of child ab... More... HI Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Child Abuse Reporting S.B. 2327 Strengthens the child abuse reporting statute to ensure that instances of known or suspected child abuse or neglect are reported without del... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Reporting Child Abuse H.B. 5375 Amends the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act. Clarifies that administrators and certified and non-certified school employees are mand... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Sex Offenders H.B. 5249 Amends the Criminal Code. Prohibits a child sex offender to knowingly operate, manage, be employed by, volunteer at, be associated with, or ... More... OK Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Recognition and Reporting of Child Abuse S.B. 1493 Requires that at least once a year a program be offered which includes a component of teacher training on recognition and reporting of child... More... OK Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Recognition and Reporting of Child Abuse H.B. 2097 Relates to school district professional development programs. Requires that at least once a year a program be be offered which includes a co... More... GA Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Reporting Child Abuse S.B. 442 Relates to parent and child relationship generally, so as to change certain provisions relating to reporting of child abuse. http://www.legi... More... ID Issued 04/2006 P-12 Child Abuse Prevention Task Force Executive Order 2006-13 Establishes the Governor's Task Force for Children at Risk. Provides that the duties of the task force are: 1. To review existing systems ... More... VA Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Definition of Abused Child H.B. 1066 Adds to definition of "abused or neglected child" to include a child whose parents or other person responsible for his care creates a substa... More... VA Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Sex Offenders H.B. 846 Provides that every adult who has been convicted of certain sex offenses occurring on or after July 1, 2006, where the victim is 13 or young... More... NJ Rule Adoption 08/2005 P-12 Programs To Support Student Development NJAC 6A:16-1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.5 thru 5.8, 6.1 thru 6.3,7.1, 7.2 thru 7.10, 8 thru 11 Establishes and amends requirements for school district boards relating to development and implementation of school safety plans, cooperatio... More... OR Signed into law 07/2005 P-12 Reporting Suspected Child Abuse S.B. 755 Requires each school board to adopt policies on the reporting of child abuse. The policies must: (1) Specify that child abuse by school empl... More... AK Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Alaska Children's Trust Grant Awards S.B. 150 An act relating to the Alaska children's trust grant awards. Adds that a grant applicant must include in the program or project proposal a p... More... CO Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Child Fatality Prevention Act H.B. 1280 Defines "unexpected and unexplained death" as a death that, prior to investigation, appears to have been caused by trauma, suspicious or obs... More... AR Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Child Maltreatment Act S.B. 392 Amends the Child Maltreatment Act to includes acts involving drugs, alcohol, mistreatment and obscene behavior; includes school boards, supe... More... VA Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Child Protective Services H.B. 2163 Provides that if after an investigation of a child protective services complaint, the local Department of Social Services determines that th... More... LA Signed into law 07/2004 P-12 Early Intervention Program for At Risk Children H.B. 956 Authorizes the creation of an early intervention pilot program in certain parishes, to address the underlying causes of behavioral problems ... More... VA Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Duty to Report Child Abuse or Neglect H.B. 1038 Provides that school boards are required to post notice of duty to report child abuse or neglect by all employees to local or state social s... More... VA Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Duty to Report Child Abuse or Neglect S.B. 576, H.B. 1038 Requires each public school board and each administrator of every private or parochial school to post in each of their schools a notice, pur... More... WA Signed into law 03/2004 P-12 School Employee Report of Suspected Child Abuse S.B. 6220 Regards school employee duty to report suspected child abuse or neglect; provides such employees shall receive training regarding their repo... More... NC Signed into law 07/2003 P-12 Child Welfare Laws S.B. 421 Enhances the state's ability to protect children; after a student has 10 absences, if a principal finds that the parent has not made a good ... More... NY Signed into law 07/2003 P-12 Supplemental Educational Services S.B. 5061 Classifies any person who works for a supplemental educational services provider, BOCES, or charter school, or who provides supplemental edu... More... CT Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Funding to Promote Children's Well-being S.B. 886 Requires the State Prevention Council to determine long-term goals, strategies and outcome measures to promote the health and well being of ... More... LA Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Teacher Training in Child Abuse Reporting S.B. 797 Beginning May 1, 2006, requires every person graduating from any teacher preparation program in the state to have had instruction on laws of... More... AZ Issued 01/2003 P-12 Governor's Children's Cabinet Executive Order 2003-04 Establishes a Children's Cabinet to focus attention and resources on problems facing the state's children by collaborating and promoting coo... More... CT Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Sexual Abuse of Minors and Child Abuse and Teacher Records H.B. 5680 Lengthens statutes of limitations in cases of sexual abuse, sexual exploitation or sexual assault of a minor to 30 years from date of victim... More... MD Vetoed 05/2001 P-12 Disclosure of Child Abuse Reports S.B. 810 Authorizes the disclosure of reports or records concerning child abuse or neglect to public school superintendents for specified purposes fo... More... ME Signed into law 06/1999 P-12 Eliminates Statute of Limitations for Sexual Offenses H.B. 1412 Eliminates the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution for unlawful sexual contact or sexual abuse of minors if the victim was under... More... FL Signed into law 05/1999 P-12 Child Abuse Prevention Training S.B. 1666 Relates to child abuse prevention training in district school system. Analysis: http://www.flsenate.gov/data/session/1999/Senate/bills/analy... More... IA Signed into law 04/1999 P-12 Relates to Substance and Sexual Abuse Prevention, Education and Treatment S.B. 361 Relates to enforcement, prevention, education, and treatment for substance abuse and sexual abuse.... More... WI Signed into law 06/1998 P-12 S.B. 378 Child Abuse Prevention Program Relates to child abuse; creates a child abuse and neglect prevention program; allows for medical assistance for certain case management serv... More... OR Died 03/1997 P-12 H.B. 3111 Child Abuse Prevention Training Requires public or private schools and preschools to provide child abuse prevention training to children. Directs Department of Education to... More... OK Signed into law 06/1995 P-12 H.B. 1993 Child Abuse (Effective: 06/09/95) Requires reports of abuse or neglect to be made in good faith; prohibits any privilege or contract from reliving a per... More... IN Signed into law 03/1994 P-12 H.B. 1400 Indiana Children's Trust Fund Establishes the Indiana Children's Trust Fund. Provides that the trust fund will be used for the following purposes: to support the developm... More... Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools 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Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching 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Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child