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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement LA Adopted 09/2012 P-12 Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate LAC 28:CXV.2325 Increases the number of Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) courses that must be made available to students at each ... More... LA Adopted 07/2012 P-12 AP Courses for High School Graduation Credit LAC 28:CXV.2318 and 2325 From July 2012 Louisiana Register: Revises LAC 28:CXV §2318, "The College and Career Diploma" and §2325, "Advanced Placement and Internation... More... OH Signed into law 06/2012 P-12 Student Fee Waivers for AP and Postsecondary Courses through OhioLearns Gateway S.B. 316 - Student Fee Waivers for AP and Postsecondary Courses through OhioLearns Gateway Permits a Technology Operations earmark for eTech Ohio to be used to cover student costs for taking Advanced Placement courses and courses t... More... RI Signed into law 06/2012 P-12 College and Career Success for All Student Act H.B. 7108 (S.B. 2275) Requires the establishment of clear training guidelines for teachers who will teach advanced placement classes in Rhode Island public school... More... RI Signed into law 06/2012 P-12 Access to Advanced Placement S.B. 2356 Adds new chapter 93 designed to promote access to advanced placement courses for all students in Rhode Island public high schools by funding... More... OK Signed into law 05/2012 P-12 Advanced Placement Participation and Scores Included as Metrics H.B. 2494 Specifies that participation and scores in Advanced Placement courses whether taught at a high school, technology center or regional site of... More... MS Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 No State Department of Education Approval for High School Advanced Placement courses S.B. 2450 Amends Mississippi code to delete the requirement that the state department of education must approve all high school pre-advanced placement... More... TN Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Postsec. Accumulation of Postsecondary Credit H.J.R. 602 Expresses need to expand postsecondary credit-earning opportunities for high school students and urges state education agencies to provide a... More... CA Signed into law 09/2011 P-12 Postsec. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate S.B. 532 From bill summary: Requires the superintendent of public instruction to annually update the information on Advanced Placement on the departm... More... CT Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Defines Advanced Placement Course Program H.B. 6499 - Sec. 21 Clarifies that an "advanced placement course program" is a program approved by the State Board of Education that provides college or univers... More... IA Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Online Advanced Placement Academy STEM Initiative H.F. 645 - Multiple Sections Establishes the Iowa online advanced placement academy science, technology, engineering, and mathematics initiative within the international... More... OR Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Postsec. Accelerated College Credit S.B. 254 Defines "accelerated college credit programs" to include dual credit, two-plus-two, advanced placement and International Baccalaureate progr... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Postsec. College Credit Program Oversight S.B. 149 Authorizes the commissioner of education to adopt rules as necessary concerning the duties of a school district under the college credit pro... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 College Credit Program S.B. 1619 Extends to 2013 a provision that a district is not required to pay a student's tuition or other associated costs for taking a course through... More... VA Signed into law 03/2011 P-12 Postsec. Community College Cambridge Advanced (A/AS) Exams H.B. 1910/S.B. 1448 Requires the governing boards of each public institution of higher education to implement policies regarding the granting of credit for Camb... More... VA Signed into law 03/2011 P-12 IB and AP Course Credit S.B. 1077 Clarifies that students should be eligible for credit for International Baccalaureate and Advanced Placement examinations, not the courses. ... More... UT Signed into law 02/2011 P-12 Enhancement for Accelerated Students Program S.B. 1 - Section 53A-17a-165 Repeals references to the gifted and talented program and the Advanced Placement program; creates new Enhancement for Accelerated Students P... More... TX Adopted 08/2010 P-12 Online Learning, AP and IB 19 TAC 74.23, 29 Section 74.23: Correspondence Courses and Distance Learning: Updates section to make clear that students may earn course credit via online c... More... RI Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Postsec. Bachelors Degree in Three Timeline H.B. 7342, S.B. 2124 Moves from February 2010 to February 2011 date by which the board of governors for higher education must present to the general assembly an ... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Postsec. Miscellaneous H.B. 2725--Multiple Provisions Exempts private schools approved by the department of education's division of special education prescribed in the pupil's individualized edu... More... CT Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Advanced Placement Courses for College Credit S.B. 438 - Sec. 31 Effective with the 2011-12 school year, requires every district to offer advanced placement courses. Requires the state board of education t... More... TN Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 International Baccalaureate or Advanced Placement S.B. 3304 Allows a school to establish an International Baccalaureate Programme fund or an Advanced Placement fund to receive donations or grants from... More... KY Signed into law 04/2010 Postsec. Community College Transfer/Articulation from Associate's Degree to Four-Year Programs H.B. 160 Encourages postsecondary institutions to limit bachelor degree programs to 120 credit hours and associate degree programs to 60 credit hours... More... IN Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Postsec. Postsecondary Credit for Advanced Placement H.B. 1135 Relates to advanced placement exams; requires state educational institutions to grant postsecondary level academic credit to students who re... More... OH Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Distinction between Online AP Courses and Clearinghouse of Distance Learning Courses S.B. 155 - Section 6 Amends 371.50.90 of Am. Sub. H.B. 1 of the 128th General Assembly (enacted July 2009). Clarifies that from an appropriation item in 2009 H.B... More... UT Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Programs Funded At or Below $10,000 in a District H.B. 149 - Section 3 Adds Section 53A-17a-105.5. Defines "qualifying program" as (1) the at-risk flow through program; (2) the homeless and disadvantaged minorit... More... KY Signed into law 01/2010 P-12 Interventions for Persistently Low-Achieving Schools and Advanced Placement H.B. 176 Amends accountability provisions in KRS 160.346. Defines "persistently low-achieving school". Defines "school intervention" as a process cho... More... RI Signed into law 11/2009 Postsec. Community College Bachelors Degree in Three H.B. 5286 Authorizes the Bachelors Degree in Three program, a new educational initiative designed to expedite the process so that students can earn a ... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 Postsec. eTech Ohio (Education Technology) H.B. 1 - Section 3353.09, 3353.20, and 265.30.83 By January 2010, directs the eTech Ohio commission to develop and implement a plan to create an aligned educational technology system that s... More... ND Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 High School Graduation - Diploma Requirements H.B. 1400 - Sections 15 and 16 Requires all high schools to offer one dual enrollment course or one Advanced Placement course. Increases total number of Carnegie units for... More... LA Adopted 10/2008 P-12 Course Credits for Middle Schoolers and for Military Service LAC 28:CXV.2321, .2325 Amends rules to allow students who are repeating the eighth grade because they have scored Unsatisfactory on the Mathematics and/or English ... More... LA Signed into law 07/2008 P-12 High School Dropout Prevention Act of 2008 H.B. 1091 Provides that before a student between the ages of 17 and 18 may drop out, the student and student's parent must attend an exit interview, i... More... IA Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Appropriations H.F. 2679 Selected provisions: • Creates the Senior Year Plus Program to increase access of high school students to college credit and advanced placem... More... KS Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Virtual School S.B. 669 Establishes the virtual school act. Authorizes districts to operate virtual schools. Provides for requirements for virtual schools. Requires... More... KY Signed into law 04/2008 P-12 Postsec. STEM S.B. 2 Defines "Advanced science and mathematics" as Advanced Placement (AP) biology, calculus, chemistry, computer science, environmental science,... More... WI Signed into law 12/2007 P-12 Subsidized Advanced Placement Tests S.B. 249 Relates to payment of the costs of advanced placement examinations taken by certain pupils. Allows the use of federal, state, local, or priv... More... IL Signed into law 11/2007 P-12 Community College Postsec. College and Career Readiness Pilot Program S.B. 858 Requires the state community college board to create a 3-year college and career readiness pilot program, beginning with the high school cla... More... MI Enacted 11/2007 P-12 High School Reform S.B. 403 Revises high school personal curriculum requirements for transfer pupils; relates to advanced placement, diplomas and merit standards requir... More... IL Signed into law 08/2007 P-12 Advanced Placement Exam Fees S.B. 841 Requires the state board of education to create, under the College and Career Success for All Students program, a program in public schools ... More... AR Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 high school advanced placement H.B. 2734 Ensures a rigorous and efficient curriculum for high school students; assist small, rural public schools in providing students access to the... More... FL Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Postsec. Community College Minority or Underrepresented Student Achievement S.B. 108 The Florida Partnership for Minority and Underrepresented Student Achievement must cooperate with school districts to identify minority & un... More... HI Adopted 04/2007 P-12 Programs for High-Achieving Students S.R. 45 Asks the Hawaii Department of Education to develop a comprehensive plan to promote opportunities for high achievement with the goal of 20% o... More... ID Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Postsec. Community College Idaho Digital Learning Academy S.B. 1237 (Sections 12-14) Strikes existing provision that funding for the Idaho Digital Learning Academy be provided from an annual budget request to the legislature ... More... IN Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Advanced Placement and Pre-AP H.B. 1300 Provides that for a teacher to be eligible for a stipend to cover expenses related to a summer training institute, the training must: (1) P... More... ID Adopted 01/2007 P-12 Postsec. Graduation Requirements and Advanced Opportunities IDAPA 08.02.03 Increases total number of credits required for high school graduation to 46 credits (23 Carnegie units) starting with the 2013 graduating cl... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Dual Enrollment Program S.B. 311 -- Sec. 3313.6013 Defines "dual enrollment program" as a program that enables a student to earn credit toward a degree from an institution of higher education... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Postsec. Awarding Credit for Advanced Placement S.B. 311 -- Sec. 3333.163 This section requires that not later than April 15, 2008, the articulation and transfer advisory council of the Ohio board of regents recomm... More... MS Adopted 11/2006 P-12 New Endorsement Codes for Advanced Placement Teachers Uncodified Proposes administrative rules regarding new endorsement codes for courses taught by Advance Placement teachers. http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/ext... More... CA Signed into law 09/2006 P-12 AP and IB Grant Program S.B. 1442 Amends existing law that establishes a 5-year grant program to award grants to cover the costs of advanced placement examination fees to aut... More... WV Adopted 09/2006 P-12 Program/Curriculum Requirements Title 126, Series 42 Amends rules regarding the pre-K & K-12 program or curriculum requirements; reduces the amount of required teaching time for English Languag... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Dual Enrollment Programs H.B. 7087 (Section 39) Revises access to dual enrollment policies and inclusion of IB and Advanced International Certificate of Education courses. Directs local bo... More... MN Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 AP Programs H.B. 4162 Establishes a program to raise K-12 academic achievement through increased student participation in pre-AP and AP programs. Participating sc... More... OR Adopted 05/2006 P-12 Postsec. Expanded Options OAR 581-022-1362, -1370 Implements the Expanded Options program. Purpose of the program is to: (1) Create a seamless education system for students enrolled in grade... More... ID Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Distance Learning and Remedial Coursework H.B. 847 Section 9 Specifies that $1,100,000 of the appropriation in section 3 of the bill be distributed to the Idaho Digital Learning Academy, as follows: (1... More... ID Adopted 04/2006 P-12 Advanced Opportunities IDAPA 08.02.03 Requires all high schools, effective July 1, 2007, to provide Advanced Opportunities (defined as Advanced Placement courses, dual credit cou... More... KY Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Postsec. High School and College Readiness Assessments S.B. 130 Section 1: Requires the state assessment system, by the 2007-2008 school year, to include: 1. A high school readiness examination to assess ... More... IN Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Proficiency-Based Credit and Early Graduation S.B. 310 Allows a student to demonstrate proficiency and receive credits in a subject area required for high school graduation or for an academic hon... More... IN Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Dual Enrollment and Advanced Placement H.B. 1347 Section 9 Requires every high school to provide at least 2 of each of the following course offerings to high school students who qualify to enroll in... More... MS Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Education Reform Act of 2006 S.B. 2602 Enacts the Education Reform Act of 2006. Section 12 requires districts to offer Pre-AP courses. States that subject to appropriation, fundin... More... LA Adopted 12/2005 P-12 Advanced Placement for Graduation Credit LAC 28:CXV.2319 and 2363 Allows Advanced Placement (AP) European History and American Government courses to meet graduation requirements. Page 8 of 106 http://www.d... More... WV Adopted 11/2005 P-12 Acceptance of AP credit at Community/Technical Colleges Title 135, Series 15, Amends rules relating to acceptance of advanced placement credit at community and technical colleges. http://www.wvsos.com/csrdocs/worddocs/... More... IL Signed into law 08/2005 P-12 Advanced Placement and pre-Advanced Placement S.B. 574 Creates the College and Career Success for All Students Act. Requires a teacher of an Advanced Placement course to obtain appropriate traini... More... MN Signed into law 07/2005 P-12 AP and International Baccalaureate H.F. 141 - Multiple Components The state may pay all or part of the fee for advanced placement or international baccalaureate examinations. The commissioner shall pay all... More... CO Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Accreditation Indicators and Dropout/Graduation Rates S.B. 91 Standardizes the calculation of graduation rates and dropout rates that are required to be reported by school districts for accreditation. S... More... TX Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Standard Method of Computing Grade Point Averages S.B. 111 Allows the commissioner to develop a standard method of computing a student's high school grade point average that provides for additional w... More... TN Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Resolution Urging Funding for Advanced Placement H.J.R. 132 Urges adequate funding for high school advanced placement programs; urges the Governor to include an earmarked appropriation within the admi... More... ID Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Division of Children's Programs S.B. 1224 Establishes legislative intent for the Idaho Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program. Requires program to include the following: (1) Districts wi... More... FL Signed by Governor 05/2004 P-12 Postsec. Accelerated High School Graduation, High Stakes Testing, Reading Deficiencies S.B. 364 Revises course requirements in college & career preparatory accelerated high school graduation program; amends requirements for grade point ... More... AR Signed into law 02/2004 P-12 Advanced Placement Courses H.B. 1154 Requires that advanced placement courses be available in the four core areas (English, math, science, social studies) in high school; exempt... More... CA Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Advancement Placement Exams Fees S.B. 507 Relates to existing law that establishes a 5-year pilot grant program to school districts to cover the costs of advanced placement examinati... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 Golden State Examination Program A.B. 1266 § 21 Repeals the Golden State Examination Program that measures advanced pupil achievement on academically rigorous content standards adopted by ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Texas Advanced Placement Incentive Program S.B. 578 Relates to awards granted under the Texas Advanced Placement Incentive Program to schools for providing a college advanced placement course.... More... GA Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Assessment, Maximum Class size, Instruction, Revenue S.B. 249 Revises provisions relating to payment of fees for advanced placement tests; revises provision relating to the release of certain test quest... More... KY Adopted 03/2003 P-12 Advanced Placement 704 KAR 3:510 Establishes rules regarding the criteria a school shall meet in order to designate a course an advanced placement course, including content ... More... SC SENATE override line item veto Nos. 2. 06/2002 P-12 Postsec. School Funding H.B. 4879 Requires funding equal to 1994-95 appropriation to be appropriated to the state department annually to offset any reduction suffered by dist... More... FL Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Postsec. Education Code Re-Write: Articulated Acceleration Mechanisms S.B. 20E Adds subsection relating to Advanced International Certificate of Education Program (AICE); sets out that public secondary school students a... More... KY Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Advanced Placement Courses and the Kentucky Virtual High School S.B. 74 Relates to college preparatory educational programs; requires the Kentucky Department of Education to develop a core advanced placement curr... More... KY Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Study of Advanced Placement Program S.C.R. 2 Directs a study of the Advanced Placement Program in Kentucky's high schools; directs the co-chairs of the Interim Joint Committee to Educat... More... OK Signed into law 04/2001 P-12 Amends Advanced Placement Program S.B. 790 States that on or before October 1 of each year, the state department of education must issue a report on the Advanced Placement Incentive P... More... AR Signed into law 02/2001 P-12 Teacher Training for Advanced Placement Courses. S.B. 60 Increases the award for subsidized teacher training for advanced placement courses. The award will now increase from $450 to $650 per teach... More... OK Signed into law 05/2000 P-12 Advanced Placement Incentive Program S.B. 1015 Modifies the Oklahoma Advanced Placement Incentive Program. Authorizes test fee assistance for students taking multiple tests in one year. ... More... AR Signed into law 04/1995 P-12 S.B. 436 - High School Advanced Placement Program Establishes the Arkansas Advanced Placement Incentive Program for state high school students.... More... High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child