ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2013

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
- High School--GED (General Education Development)
WVSigned into law 04/2012P-12Study of GED Issues
S.B. 646
Requires the State Board of Education to study GED issues, especially increasing costs and access to internet and other technology, and make...

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TXAdopted 12/2011P-12Certificate of High School Equivalency
19 TAC 89.41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48
Makes various changes to provisions regarding administration of the Texas certificate of high school equivalency, in accordance with 2011 S....

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CASigned into law 10/2011P-12Option for 17-Year-Olds to Be Eligible to Sit for GED
S.B. 461
Adds being at least 17 years of age, having accumulated fewer than 100 units of high school credit before enrollment in the academic program...

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LASigned into law 06/2011P-12Compulsory Attendance and GED
H.B. 95
Indicates that a child who is at least seventeen years of age and who, after successfully completing a program established by the State Boar...

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OHSigned into law 06/2011P-12Permission to Take GED
H.B. 153 - Permission to Take GED
Requires a person who is at least 16 but under the age of 19 who is applying to the department to take the tests of general education develo...

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TXSigned into law 06/2011P-12Online High School Equivalency Exams
S.B. 1094
Directs the state board to adopt rules to provide for online administration of high school equivalency exams. Requires that the rules provid...

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MSSigned into law 03/2011P-12Dropout Status of GED Students
H.B. 639
Clarifies that a student participating in a General Educational Development option program under a school district agreement with a communit...

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GASigned into law 05/2010Postsec.HOPE GED Voucher
S.B. 341
Rewrites Section 20-3-519.6 relating to HOPE GED vouchers. Previous legislation awarded a one-time $500 voucher to each student earning a GE...

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MSSigned into law 03/2010P-12GED Program Entrance Requirements
H.B. 629
Revises the GED program entrance requirements for students who are at least one full grade level behind his or her ninth grade cohort. Requi...

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UTAdopted 07/2009P-12GED
R277-702
Replaces references to "Utah General Educational Development Certificate" with "Utah High School Completion Diploma". Defines "out-of-school...

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TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Increasing Workforce in High-Demand and "Green" Occupations
H.B. 1935 and H.B. 3, Section 64
Establishes the Jobs and Education for Texans (JET) grant program and fund to award grants to public junior colleges and public technical in...

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TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Job Corps Diploma Programs Ratings
H.B. 3 - Section 20
Authorizes the commissioner to develop a system of distinction designations consistent with those developed for purposes of accreditation sa...

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LAAdopted 10/2008P-12Pre-GED/Skills Option Program
LAC 28:CXV.2907
Amends rules relating to the PreGED and Skills Option Programs and spells out requirements for districts.
http://doa.louisiana.gov/osr/lac/2...

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FLAdopted 09/2008P-12GED Testing Fees
FAC 6A-6.021
Amends rule to review the General Educational Development (GED) testing fees to recommend an increase in the testing fees so that the Depart...

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MDSigned into law 04/2008P-12Information on GED and Obtaining High School Diploma
H.B. 953; S.B. 264
Requires representatives of local boards of education to provide information concerning alternative education programs and GED program requi...

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WVSigned into law 03/2008P-12State Subsidized GED Testing Fee for Eligible Students
H.B. 4477
Directs the state board of education to develop and administer a program to provide the GED exam fee for eligible students....

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LASigned into law 02/2008P-12GED Testing Program
LAC 67:III.5595
The Department of Social Services, Office of Family Support establishes the GED Testing Program as a new TANF Initiative. Pursuant to Act 18...

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UTAdopted 01/2008P-12Adult Education Programs
R277-733
Defines "adult basic education," "adult education," "GED," "measurable outcomes." Establishes clearer fiscal standards and practices for adu...

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ILSigned into law 09/2007P-12GED Testing Program
S.B. 853
Provides with respect to the high school equivalency testing program, that an individual is eligible to apply if he or she is 17 years of ag...

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ILSigned into law 08/2007P-12GED
S.B. 1391
Provides that when the subject of a parole or mandatory supervised release is in compliance with all conditions of his or her parole or mand...

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LASigned into law 06/2007P-12Project Return Post-Release Skills Program for Recently Released Offenders
S.B. 308
Authorizes the department of labor to establish or to contract with service providers or community service organizations to establish a comp...

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INSigned into law 05/2007P-12
Postsec.
21st Century Scholars Program Expansion, Graduation
H.B. 1647
Expands eligibility for the 21st Century Scholars program to grade 7 students, and beginning with the 2008-09 school year, to grade 6 studen...

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VASigned into law 03/2007P-12Online Corrections Education
H.B. 3191
Allows the Board of Correctional Education to develop programs to provide restricted Internet access to online secondary education or adult ...

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MDAdopted 02/2007P-12Alternative Ways to Earn a High School Diploma
COMAR 13A.03.03.01
Ensures state alignment with national policies of the American Council on Education and consistency within the operations of the Maryland St...

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IASigned into law 06/2006P-12High School
S.B. 2272 - Section 1-4
Directs school districts and nonpublic accredited schools to report graduation rates using the definition of graduation rate specified by th...

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IASigned into law 06/2006P-12
Community College
Reporting GED Students
S.B. 2272 - Section 8
Requires board of directors of each community college to request that a student pursuing or receiving a high school equivalency diploma prov...

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IASigned into law 06/2006P-12GED Test Areas
S.B. 2272 - Section 29
Modifies subject areas covered in tests for high school equivalency diploma. States that equivalency diploma tests must cover reading, the a...

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LASigned into law 06/2006P-12
Community College
Early College/Dual Enrollment
S.B. 749
Requires and provides incentives for high schools and postsecondary institutions to maximize the shared use of facilities, technology, facul...

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TNSigned into law 06/2006P-12
Postsec.
HOPE Scholarship for GED Students
S.B. 2981
Relates to lottery scholarships and grants; provides that a student that is eligible for a HOPE scholarship upon graduation from high school...

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ILSigned into law 05/2006P-12GED Incentives
S.B. 2320
Eliminates the provision that the additional good conduct credit awarded to a prisoner who passes the high school level Test of General Educ...

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VASigned into law 03/2006P-12Earning a GED
H.B. 347
Allows participation in a general educational development program by court order; excludes from the compulsory school attendance requirement...

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NYSigned into law 09/2005P-12Diplomas for war veterans
S.B. 2714
Authorizes the commissioner of education to implement a program for all war veterans to earn high school diplomas based on knowledge and exp...

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ILVetoed 08/2005P-12GED Incentive Program for Prisoners
S.B. 326
Amends the Unified Code of Corrections. Provides that the rules and regulations for the early release of a prisoner on account of good condu...

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ILSigned into law 07/2005P-12
Community College
GED Testing
S.B. 463
Transfers all powers and duties of the State Board of Education and State Superintendent of Education with regard to high school equivalency...

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AZSigned into law 04/2005P-12High School Equivalency Diplomas
H.B. 2051
Authorizes the state board to establish and collect fees for the issuance and reissuance of general equivalency diplomas and general equival...

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MSSigned into law 03/2005P-12General Educational Developmental Test
S.B. 2277
General Educational Developmental Test (GED) security procedures; criminal penalties for violations of.

1)  It is unlawful for anyone knowi...

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CAVetoed 09/2004P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Prison Education Reform Act
A.B. 1914
Establishes the Prison Education Reform Act. Changes the position of Superintendent of Correctional Education to the Deputy Director of Corr...

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FLSigned into law 06/2004P-12Juvenile Justice Education
H.B. 1989
Relates to juvenile justice education; increases percentage of Florida Education Finance Program funding generated by students in juvenile j...

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KYSigned into law 04/2004P-12Student Dropouts
H.B. 178
Amends KRS 158.145 to require that all students who drop out of school be counted in the annual state dropout index. Amends KRS 158.6455 to...

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MSRule Adoption 01/2004P-12GED State Policy
(Uncodified)
Amends rules concerning GED State Policy, with regard to, minimum requirements and eligibility for testing. MISSISSIPPI REG 9040 (SN)...

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MISigned into law 08/2003P-12Family Resource Center Curriculum Blue Ribbon Study Committee
H.B. 4401 (multiple provisions)
Sec. 107a. (1) The family resource center curriculum blue ribbon study committee is established to explore and make
recommendations on imple...

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VASigned into law 03/2003P-12General Educational Development
H.B. 1464
Relates to the general educational development examination; relates to the testing age for persons not enrolled in public school and not oth...

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FLSigned into law 05/2002P-12Standard High School Diploma to Certain GED Recipients
S.B. 20E
Mandates the state board to adopt rules permitting any GED recipient who meets certain criteria to be awarded a standard high school diploma...

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MDSigned into law 04/2002P-12Need- and Performance-Based Adult Education Grants
S.B. 737
Requires the department of education to distribute need- and performance-based grants for adult education. Adult education and -literacy gr...

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MSSigned into law 04/2002P-12Duties of Board in GED Program Administration
S.B. 2626
Clarifies the duties of the State Board for Community and Junior Colleges in the administration of General Educational Development (GED) Tes...

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+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child