ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2012

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
- Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
MSSigned into law 04/2012P-12Prohibits school administrators and certain other faculty, staff and employees of a local school district from influencing the grade received by a student from a teacher, prescribes the circumstances under which a teacher may change a student's grade, provides that violations shall subject local school districts or schools to a loss of accreditation.
http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2012/pdf/HB/0600-0699/HB0696SG.pdf
Title: H.B. 696
Source: http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/

NMSigned into law 03/2011P-12Adds grades three and four to the required standardized alphabetic or numeric grading system adopted by the public education department.
http://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/11%20Regular/final/SB0272.pdf
Title: S.B. 272
Source: http://www.nmlegis.gov/

LASigned into law 06/2010P-12Requires the State Board of Elementary and Secondary Education to develop, adopt, and provide for the implementation of a uniform grading scale for use in public schools. Outlines enforcement and exceptions and creates a task force to provide recommendations.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=722521
Title: H.B. 433
Source: http://www.legis.state.la.us/

TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Directs all school districts to adopt a grading policy before each school year. Specifies the district grading policy (1) must require a classroom teacher to assign a grade that reflects the student's relative mastery of an assignment; (2) may not require a classroom teacher to assign a minimum grade for an assignment without regard to the student's quality of work; and (3) may allow a student a reasonable opportunity to make up or redo a class assignment or examination for which the
student received a failing grade. http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf/SB02033F.pdf
Title: S.B. 2033
Source: www.legis.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12
Postsec.
Amends Section 28.0252, authorizing the commissioner of education to develop a standard method of calculating student grade point average (GPA), including weights for advanced courses. Eliminates provision that if a conflict arises between that method and the method adopted by the higher education coordinating board, the student's GPA must be calculated in accordance with the coordinating board's method for determining the student's eligibility for university admission. Page 32 of 180: http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf/HB00003F.pdf
Title: H.B. 3- Section 31
Source: www.legis.state.tx.us

NMAdopted 05/2008P-12The purpose of this rule is to establish minimal requirements for those school
districts and charter schools that seek to permit changes to a student's final course grades, and to require that school
districts and charter schools adopt written policies for any change to a student's grade. While a change in a final
course grade should be the exception and not the rule once a classroom teacher has issued a final course grade, the
enactment of written policies coupled with consistent application of those policies should result in the changing of
grades only when warranted and should lead to increased public confidence in the process.
http://www.nmcpr.state.nm.us/nmac/parts/title06/06.030.0010.pdf
Title: NMAC 6.30.10
Source: http://www.nmcpr.state.nm.us/nmac/

TXSigned into law 06/2007P-12
Postsec.
Requires the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) to adopt rules establishing a standard method for computing a student's high school grade point average in a certain manner. The bill also requires the annual report each general academic teaching institution (institution) is required to submit to THECB to include the high school grade point average in the demographic breakdown describing the composition of the institution's entering class of students. Also requires each institution to adopt a written policy to promote the admission of undergraduate transfer students to the institution.
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/HB03851F.pdf
Title: H.B. 3851
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

GASigned into law 05/2007P-12Enacts the Grade Integrity Act of 2007. Provides that no classroom teacher shall be required, coerced, intimidated, or disciplined in any manner to change the grade of a student. Provides that a violation of this provision constitutes an ethical violation reportable to the professional standards commission. http://www.legis.state.ga.us/legis/2007_08/pdf/sb9.pdf
Title: S.B. 9
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

NVSigned into law 05/2007P-12Provides for high school reform. Requires the board of trustees of each school district to adopt a policy for each public school of the school district in which ninth grade pupils are enrolled, to develop a 4-year academic plan for each of those pupils. Requires the board of trustees of each school district that includes at least one high school in which 1,200 pupils or more are enrolled - including 9th grade pupils - to adopt a policy to provide a program of small learning communities to be carried out by each principal. Requires the state board to prescribe a uniform grading policy for all public high schools. Requires the board of trustees of each school district to adopt a policy that sets forth the duties, roles and responsibilities of school counselors.
http://www.leg.state.nv.us/74th/Bills/AB/AB212_EN.pdf
Title: A.B. 212
Source: http://www.leg.state.nv.us

NMSigned into law 04/2007P-12Directs the department of education to adopt and promulgate rules establishing a standardized alphabetic or numeric grading system based on the 4.0 scale or 100% scale to be used by all public schools for 5th-12th grades.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/SB0160.pdf
Title: S.B. 160
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us

TXSigned into law 06/2005P-12Allows the commissioner to develop a standard method of computing a student's high school grade point average that provides for additional weight to be given to each honors course, advanced placement course, international baccalaureate course, or dual credit course completed by a student. If the commissioner develops a standard method under this section, a school district shall use the standard method to compute a student's high school grade point average, and the student's grade point average computed in that manner shall be used in determining the student's eligibility for automatic college admission. Requires each institution of higher education that offers freshman-level courses to adopt and implement a policy to grant undergraduate course credit to entering freshman students who have successfully completed the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program, who have achieved required scores on one or more examinations in the Advanced Placement Program or the College-Level Examination Program, or who have successfully completed one or more courses offered through concurrent enrollment in high school and at an institution of higher education. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=79&SESS=R&CHAMBER=S&BILLTYPE=B&BILLSUFFIX=00111&VERSION=5&TYPE=B

Title: S.B. 111
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

ARSigned into law 04/2005P-12Incorporates references to the state's Automated Fingerprint Identification System. Expands the definition of "cause" for purposes of waiving or suspending a teacher's license. Among changes to definition, includes knowingly falsifying or directing another to falsify any grade given to a student, whether the grade was given for an individual assignment or examination or at the conclusion of a regular grading period. Deletes references to voluntary surrender of license. Allows state board to determine an applicant for a noncertified position in a district ineligible for employment has pleaded guilty or nolo contendere for specified crimes; is required to pass an examination as a requirement of his or her position and the applicant's completed examination test score was declared invalid because of the applicant's improper conduct; has an expunged or pardoned conviction for any sexual or physical abuse offense committed against a child; knowingly submits or provides false or misleading information or knowingly fails to submit or provide information requested or required by law to the department of education, the state board of education, or the division of legislative audit; or knowingly falsifies or directs another to falsify any grade given to a student, whether the grade was given for an individual assignment or examination or at the conclusion of a regular grading period.

Amends definition of "fraudulent act" in Arkansas Code § 6-17-421.
http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/sb1044.pdf
Title: S.B. 1044 (sections 1-10)
Source: www.arkleg.state.ar.us

ARSigned into law 04/2005P-12Establishes system for districts to report all students' scores on end-of-course assessments. Requires the division of public school accountability to:
(i) Match each student's end-of-course test score with the letter grade received in the corresponding course;
(ii) Report each student's end-of-course test score matched with the letter grade the student received in the corresponding course to the school district;
(iii) Create a report of the percentage of students who received a letter grade of "B" or above in the corresponding course and passed the end-of-course assessment on his or her first attempt; and
(iv) Create a report of the percentage of students who received a letter grade of "B" or above in the corresponding course and did not pass the end-of-course assessment on his or her first attempt.

Requires the division of public school accountability to annually report to the state board and the General Assembly the name, address, and superintendent of any high school in which more than 20% of the students received a letter grade of "B" or above but did not pass the end-of-course assessment on his or her first attempt. The report must also indicate by high school the number of students receiving a letter grade of "B" or above in the corresponding course who did not pass the end-of-course assessment on his or her first attempt.

Requires the department to investigate the classroom practices of any district in which more than 20% of the students received a letter grade of "B" or above but did not pass the end-of-course assessment on his or her first attempt; and provide the superintendent and local board with written recommendations or changes that would improve classroom instruction and student performance on end-of-course assessments.

http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/hb1983.pdf
Title: H.B. 1983 (multiple provisions)
Source: www.arkleg.state.ar.us

ARSigned into law 04/2005P-12Repeals provision that notation must be made on a student's transcript to indicate each special education class included on the transcript.

Establishes that school day must consist of at least rather than fewer than six hours of instructional time.

Allows a school district to include as part of the school day the travel time between public schools or other educational programs of those students attending classes or programs authorized by law.

http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/sb1044.pdf
Title: S.B. 1044 (sections 14-15)
Source: www.arkleg.state.ar.us

AZSigned into law 04/2005P-12States that a full-time certified teacher is immune from personal liability for all acts done and actions taken in good faith in evaluating or grading any student.
http://www.azleg.state.az.us/DocumentsForBill.asp?Bill_Number=2267
Title: H.B. 2267
Source: www.azleg.state.az.us

TNSigned into law 05/2004P-12
Postsec.
Directs the state board to establish a task force comprised of superintendents, principals, teachers, and representatives of school
boards and higher education no later than June 30, 2004. The task force is to make recommendations to the board including, but not limited to, the following: consistent numerical breaks for letter grades; consideration of standards to define an honors course; appropriate weighting of courses; and determination of courses and weightings to be used in the calculation of class rank. The task force is required to report its findings to the state board of education no later than December 31, 2004. Authorizes the state board of education is authorized to promulgate
rules and regulations for the administration of this section. The comptroller's office of education accountability is directed to evaluate the uniform grading system four (4) years after its implementation and to report its findings to the education oversight committee of the general assembly. Such evaluation must include an analysis of the relationship of grade point averages to ACT and SAT scores of high school students. Each local education agency must adopt and use the uniform grading system for students enrolled in grades 9-12. Students' grades are to be reported for the purposes of application for postsecondary financial assistance administered by the Tennessee Student Assistance Corporation using the uniform grading system. http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/Chapter/PC0679.pdf
Title: S.B. 2205
Source: http://www.legislature.state.tn.us

TNSigned into law 05/2003P-12Requests the state board to study the issue of grading in Tennessee public schools with special emphasis on the area of numerical/letter grade equivalency. The state board is to report its conclusions and recommendations to the House and Senate
Education Committees by January 1, 2004. http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/HJR0485.pdf
Title: H.J.R. 485
Source: http://www.legislature.state.tn.us

TXSigned into law 05/2003P-12Sec. 28.0212. FINALITY OF GRADE. (a) An examination or course grade issued by a classroom teacher is final and may not be changed unless the grade is arbitrary, erroneous, or not consistent with the school district grading policy applicable to the grade, as determined by the board of trustees of the school district in which the teacher is employed. (b) A determination by a school district board of trustees
under Subsection (a) is not subject to appeal. This subsection does not prohibit an appeal related to a student's eligibility to participate in extracurricular activities. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=78&SESS=R&CHAMBER=H&BILLTYPE=B&BILLSUFFIX=01949&VERSION=5&TYPE=B
Title: H.B. 1949
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

CASigned into law 06/2002P-12Establishes a 4-year implementation schedule for existing law which prohibits a school district, when calculating a pupil's grade point average, from assigning extra grade weighting to a course that covers a subject required for admission to the University of California or the California State University unless the University of California approves the course for extra grade weighting. Bill commences application to pupils in the grade 9 in the 2005-06 school year. http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_2651-2700/ab_2657_bill_20020604_chaptered.html
Title: A.B. 2657
Source: info.sen.ca.gov

CATo governor 09/2001P-12
Postsec.
Prohibits a school district, when calculating a pupil's grade point average, from assigning extra grade weighting to a course that covers a subject required for admission to the University of California or the California State University unless the University of California approves the course for extra grade weighting. ftp://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/asm/ab_0451-0500/ab_458_bill_20011001_chaptered.html
Title: A.B. 458
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

FLTo governor 05/2001P-12Alters the required ranges of percentage grades that equate to letter grades and grade points.
Title: S.B. 636
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ARSigned into law 03/2001P-12Requires a uniform grading scale for non-traditional high school courses.
Title: H.B. 1826
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Attitudes
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child