ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2013

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
- Middle School
VATo governor 02/2013P-12P-3 Literacy & Middle Grades Math Interventions
S.B. 1171
Requires local school divisions to provide early intervention services to preschool to grade three students who demonstrate deficiencies bas...

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GASigned into law 04/2012P-12Program for Middle School Children During Nonschool Hours
H.B. 706 - Program for Middle School Children During Nonschool Hours
Repeals Section 20-2-312, relating to a state program for middle school children during nonschool hours. Page 7 of 11: http://www.legis.ga.g...

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KYSigned into law 04/2012P-12Task Force to Study Interscholastic Athletics at the Middle School Level
H.C.R. 155
Directs the Legislative Research Commission to establish a task force to study interscholastic athletics at the middle school level, and ass...

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COSigned into law 03/2012P-12Interventions For Middle School Students
H.B. 1013
The bill directs districts to consider adopting procedures by which the schools use available data to identify and provide intervention serv...

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TNSigned into law 03/2012P-12Middle Schools Teaching High School Courses
H.B. 2653
Provides that schools teaching courses in grades seven or eight that are also taught in any grade nine through twelve and which count toward...

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CTSigned into law 07/2011P-12Secondary School Reform Act Delay/Teacher Evaluations/Tenure/Student Governance Councils/6th Grade Student Success Plan
H.B. 6498
Secondary School Reform Act - Delays by two years the implementation of the secondary school reform requirements enacted in 2010 that: (1) I...

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FLSigned into law 06/2011P-12Digital Curriculum/ Middle School Career and Professional Academy
H.B. 1255 - Sec. 17, 19, 20, 28
Authorizes school districts to provide a digital curriculum for students in grades 6 through 12 (Sec. 17). Requires a district's strategic p...

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FLSigned into law 05/2011P-12
Postsec.
Repeals Various Obsolete Education Provisions
H.B. 7087
Repeals provisions relating to programs that were never implemented or are no longer funded. The programs are: Digital Divide Council and th...

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FLSigned into law 05/2011P-12Middle School Career and Professional Academy
S.B. 2120 - Sec. 16
Sec. 16 - Requires, beginning with the 2011-2012 school year, each district school board, in collaboration with regional workforce boards, e...

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GASigned into law 05/2011P-12Middle School Program
H.B. 192 - Middle School Program
Amends grade configurations and other criteria that qualify schools for participation in the middle school program. Repeals provision requir...

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NDSigned into law 05/2011P-12Career Planning
S.B. 2150 - Multiple Provisions
Requires each district to provide students in grade 7 or 8 with an individual consultative process or a nine-week course for the purpose of ...

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AKAdopted 08/2010P-12Work Ready/College Ready Transitional Skills Curriculum and Benchmark Assessments
4 AAC 06.715
Amends the Alaska Administrative Code, 4 AAC 06. 715(b), regarding Work Ready/College Ready transitional skills curriculum and benchmark ass...

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WVSigned into law 07/2010P-12Alternative Schools
S.B. 2010
Provides uniformity in alternative schools and requires a pilot program that will allow alternative schools in elementary and middle schools...

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FLSigned into law 06/2010P-12School Grades
H.B. 1255 - Sec. 6, 29
Amends the formula for calculating school grades to include end-of-course (EOC) assessments taken by middle school students and middle schoo...

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GAVetoed 06/2010P-12Middle School and Academic Instruction per Day
H.B. 907
Revises and clarifies language relating to the organization of schools serving grades 6, 7 and/or 8. Provides that schools serving any of th...

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AZSigned into law 05/2010P-12School Structure
S.B. 1185
AN ACT AMENDING TITLE 15, CHAPTER 4, ARTICLE 3, Arizona Revised Statutes, BY ADDING SECTION 15-447.01; amending sections 15-901 and 15-2002,...

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WVSigned into law 05/2010P-12Comprehensive Middle Schools
S.B. 373
Allows, upon application by a county board of education, the School Building Authority (SBA) to allocate and expend certain moneys for schoo...

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VASigned into law 02/2010P-12Economics Education and Financial Literacy
H.B. 196
Repeals the requirement for economics education and financial literacy instruction in middle and high schools.
http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-b...

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GAAdopted 11/2009P-12Athletics Participation, No Pass No Play Grades 6-12
GAC 160 -5-1-.18, -.19
Adds that retention of students for athletic purposes is prohibited. Repeals rule 160-5-1-.19 "Grades 6-8: Competitive Interscholastic Activ...

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ILSigned into law 08/2009P-12Awarding of Credit for Courses Taken in Middle Grades
H.B. 4038
Relates to the authorization of students in grade 7 or 8 to enroll in a high school course. Allows a student to participate in the course wh...

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NCSigned into law 07/2009P-12Assist Students in Transition Between Middle School and High School
H.B. 187
Employee Leave for Parent Conferences:
- Requires local boards of education to work with business leaders to encourage local businesses to a...

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OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12College and Career Readiness, Financial Literacy
H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0721, 3301.079(A)(2) and 3313.601, 3313.603
Section 3301.079(A)(2). Requires the state board to adopt K-12 standards for instruction in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, which m...

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TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12High School Innovation Grant Initiative
H.B. 2263
Extends the high school innovation grant initiative to middle and junior high schools. http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf...

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TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Revised K-12 Curriculum Requirements
H.B. 3 - Section 25
Requires the state board to adopt rules requiring students in grades 6-8 to complete at least one fine arts course.

Each time the Texas Hig...

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TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Participation in Teacher Reading Academy
H.B. 3 - Section 24
Amends action that triggers a teacher's participation in a teacher reading academy. Former provision required teacher to participate in read...

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NVSigned into law 05/2009P-12At-Risk, Middle School
A.B. 487
Requires the development of an academic plan for pupils enrolling in their initial year at a middle school or junior high school; requires s...

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ILAdopted 04/2009P-12Middle Grades Certification
23 IAC 1.75, .705, .720
1.75: Updates language regarding student information systems to reflect that the system is now compatible with all districts' local data pac...

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WASigned into law 04/2009P-12Career/Technical Education
S.B. 5676
Provides for career and technical education opportunities for middle school students; provides that a middle school that receives approval f...

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LAAdopted 03/2009P-12Carnegie Credits for Middle School Students
LAC 28:CXV.2321
Amends rules relating to the Carnegie credit for middle school students.
http://doa.louisiana.gov/osr/lac/28v115/28v115.doc...

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MASigned into law 12/2008P-12Commission on Middle Education
H.B. 4800
Revives and continues the special commission on middle education in the Commonwealth.
http://www.mass.gov/legis/bills/house/185/ht04pdf/ht04...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12
Community College
Early commitment to college program
S.B. 890
Establishes the Early Commitment to College Program. Requires schools designated and not designated as a College Opportunity Zone to provide...

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LASigned into law 07/2008P-12High School Dropout Prevention Act of 2008
H.B. 1091
Provides that before a student between the ages of 17 and 18 may drop out, the student and student's parent must attend an exit interview, i...

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UTSigned into law 03/2008P-12Teacher Salary Supplement Program
S.B. 2 - Sections 19 and 20
Defines "qualifying educational background." Beginning in fiscal year 2008-2009, provides an annual salary supplement of $4,100 for a full-t...

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LAAdopted 12/2007P-12Carnegie Credit for Middle School Students
LAC 28:CXV.2321
Amends sections of Bulletin 741-Louisiana Handbook for School Administrators concerning the Carnegie Credit for Middle School Students. Prov...

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CASigned into law 09/2007P-12International Baccalaureate
A.B. 556
Amends law relating to the International Baccalaureate Program for high school and middle school pupils. Repeals provision regarding startup...

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NYAdopted 08/2007P-12Summer Academies and Teacher Professional Development for Middle Grades Math and Science
Title 8 NYCRR Section 100.14 and 100.15
Establishes criteria for the award of grants for the Excelsior Scholars program for grade 7 math and science students. Establishes criteria ...

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NCSigned into law 07/2007P-12Reaching One's Potential for Excellence (ROPE) Scholars Pilot Program.
S.B. 1030
The purpose of the ROPE Scholars Pilot Program is to strengthen middle grades education in order to provide students with the opportunity to...

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NVSigned into law 06/2007P-12
Postsec.
Dropout Reporting, Exit Exam Alternatives, Competency Based Credits
S.B. 312
Expands the annual reports of accountability information to include the rate of pupils who drop out of school in grades 6, 7 and 8. Requires...

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NYSigned into law 04/2007P-12Excelsior Scholars and Summer Institutes for Grades 5-8 Math and Science Teachers
S.B. 2107 - Part B, Section 39
Adds section 3641-A to the education code. Directs the commissioner to establish an Excelsior Scholars program for grade 7 math and science ...

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ILAdopted 09/2006P-12Highly Qualified Teachers, P.E. and Denial of Enrollment
23 IAC 1.77, .242, .420, .430, .720
New section (p 243 of 405 http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/index/register/register_volume30_issue41.pdf) institutes a requireme...

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HISigned into law 07/2006P-12Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
S.B. 2505
Appropriates funds to extend adolescent school-based substance abuse treatment programs to all middle and intermediate schools, with priorit...

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NCSigned into law 07/2006P-12Role School Counselors Play in Providing Dropout Prevention
S.B. 571
Directs the state board of education to report on the role school counselors play in providing dropout prevention and intervention services ...

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VARule Adoption 07/2006P-12Standards For Accrediting Public Schools
8 VAC 20-131-10 thru -320 non seq.
Amends regulations establishing standards for accrediting public schools in Virginia. The amendments include additional options for student...

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FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Florida Secondary School Redesign Act
H.B. 7087 - Section 19
Defines secondary schools as those serving grades 6-12. Specifies that the following guiding principles must be used in the annual preparat...

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FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Middle School Reforms
H.B. 7087 (Section 21)
Beginning with students entering grade 6 in the 2006-2007 school year, promotion from a school composed of middle grades 6, 7, and 8 require...

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FLSigned into law 05/2006P-12Readiness for Postsecondary Education and Workforce Program
H.B. 7087 (Section 37)
The legislation shifts career and postsecondary planning from 9th grade to beginning in middle school. It is the intent of the Legislature t...

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KYAdopted 02/2006P-12Individual Learning Plans
704 KAR 3:305 (section 3)
Requires districts to implement an advising and guidance process throughout the middle and high schools to provide support for the developme...

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NYEmergency Rule Adoption 05/2005P-12Middle-Level Education
Title 8 NYCRR 100.3, .4, 80-5.12
Amends regulations to implement Regents policy statement on middle-level education. Districts with low-performing schools will be allowed t...

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FLEmergency Rule Adoption 04/2005P-12Course Requirements/Basic/Adult Secondary Programs
FAC 6AER05-1
Establishes emergency rules regarding course requirements. Establishes basic and adult secondary programs for 2005.
Course Requirements - G...

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KYSigned into law 03/2005P-12Teacher' Professional Growth Fund
H.B. 93 (Sections 5 and 6)
Specifies that the teachers' professional growth fund is to provide teachers with high quality professional development in content knowledge...

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DERule Adoption 01/2005P-12Standard Certificate Science Teacher Middle Level
14 DAC 1542
Amends regulation relating to the certification of a science teacher of middle level by removing the requirements for earth science and phys...

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GAAdopted 07/2004P-12Middle School Program Criteria
GAC 160-4-2-.05
Clarifies rules to comply with new legislation to provide that a school may reduce the required five hours of academic time to four and one-...

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RIBecame law without GOVERNOR'S signature. 07/2004P-12Middle Schools Performance
H.B. 7154
Would require school committees in every city and town to initiate policies to improve the educational performance of its middle schools. ...

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DERule Adoption 05/2004P-12Standard Certificate Middle Level Teacher
14 DAC 1557
Amends regulation relating to the requirements for a standard certificate for a middle level teacher. Changes grade span from 5-8 to 6-8. Al...

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FLTo governor 05/2004P-12Middle Grades Reform Act
S.B. 354
Creates the "Middle School Reform Act;" provides definitions; prescribes program criteria and content; provides a timeline for implementatio...

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LAAdopted 04/2004P-12PRAXIS Exams and Passing Scores
LAC 28:I.903
Adopts rules to specify the exam and passing score(s) for the following certification areas: Business Education; Middle School Science; and ...

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NCSigned into law 09/2002P-12
Community College
Sections Pertaining to Dropout Data, Dropout Retention, Teacher Quality
S.B. 1275
Directs the state board to improve the state's tracking of dropout data; encourages the concurrent enrollment of state technical high school...

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MDSigned into law 07/2002P-12Development of Middle School Teacher Certification
H.B. 661
Requires that the department and Professional Standards in Teaching Education Board develop a certificate for middle school teachers. http:/...

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CTSigned into law 06/2002P-12Gear Up for CT Futures Account
H.B. 5498
Allows the Board of Governors of Higher Education to establish and administer within the general fund a GEAR Up for Connecticut futures acco...

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MDSigned into law 05/2002P-12Tax to Support Prince George's County Programs
H.B. 949
Establishes sales and use tax on telecommunications service in Prince George's County. Net proceeds from the revenue must be used only as s...

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OKSigned into law 05/2002P-12
H.B. 2625
Allows sixth grade mathematics teachers to obtain middle level endorsement by successfully completing a professional development institute i...

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KYSigned into law 05/2001P-12Professional Development for Middle School Math Teachers
H.B. 66
Retains priority for funding to improve middle school mathematics teachers' content knowledge; permits the Department of Education to approv...

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MDSigned into law 04/2001P-12Eligiblity of Middle and High School Libraries for Grant Funding
H.B. 434
Alters the state school library funds grant program of the School Accountability Funding and Excellence Program in order to make middle scho...

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NMVetoed 04/2001P-12Middle Schools Defined
S.B. 662
The term and definition of "middle school" will be added to the school classifications of the Public School Code. Otherwise, the code define...

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KYSigned into law 04/2000P-12Professional Development Fund
S.B. 77
Creates the Middle School Mathematics Professional Development Fund to provide moneys to teachers of middle school mathematics for tuition r...

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GASigned into law 03/2000P-12Omnibus Bill - Middle School Schedules and Accountability
H.B. 1187
The requirements for the middle school program stay exactly the same for the next school year, with 85 minutes of common planning time.
Beg...

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UTSigned into law 03/1999P-12Establishes an Alternative Middle School Program
H.B. 329
Establishes an alternative middle school program; provides for implementation of the program; makes an appropriation....

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UTDied 05/1998P-12
S.B. 77
Relates to public education; creates a middle schools task force; provides for membership, duties, and interim reports; makes and appropriat...

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GASigned into law 07/1997P-12
20-2-312 St. Prog. for Middle School Children during nonschool hrs
The Department of Education shall, in consultation with the Georgia School Age Care Association, operate a state program designed to provide...

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+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child