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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School VA To governor 02/2013 P-12 P-3 Literacy & Middle Grades Math Interventions S.B. 1171 Requires local school divisions to provide early intervention services to preschool to grade three students who demonstrate deficiencies bas... More... GA Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Program for Middle School Children During Nonschool Hours H.B. 706 - Program for Middle School Children During Nonschool Hours Repeals Section 20-2-312, relating to a state program for middle school children during nonschool hours. Page 7 of 11: http://www.legis.ga.g... More... KY Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Task Force to Study Interscholastic Athletics at the Middle School Level H.C.R. 155 Directs the Legislative Research Commission to establish a task force to study interscholastic athletics at the middle school level, and ass... More... CO Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 Interventions For Middle School Students H.B. 1013 The bill directs districts to consider adopting procedures by which the schools use available data to identify and provide intervention serv... More... TN Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 Middle Schools Teaching High School Courses H.B. 2653 Provides that schools teaching courses in grades seven or eight that are also taught in any grade nine through twelve and which count toward... More... CT Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Secondary School Reform Act Delay/Teacher Evaluations/Tenure/Student Governance Councils/6th Grade Student Success Plan H.B. 6498 Secondary School Reform Act - Delays by two years the implementation of the secondary school reform requirements enacted in 2010 that: (1) I... More... FL Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Digital Curriculum/ Middle School Career and Professional Academy H.B. 1255 - Sec. 17, 19, 20, 28 Authorizes school districts to provide a digital curriculum for students in grades 6 through 12 (Sec. 17). Requires a district's strategic p... More... FL Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Postsec. Repeals Various Obsolete Education Provisions H.B. 7087 Repeals provisions relating to programs that were never implemented or are no longer funded. The programs are: Digital Divide Council and th... More... FL Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Middle School Career and Professional Academy S.B. 2120 - Sec. 16 Sec. 16 - Requires, beginning with the 2011-2012 school year, each district school board, in collaboration with regional workforce boards, e... More... GA Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Middle School Program H.B. 192 - Middle School Program Amends grade configurations and other criteria that qualify schools for participation in the middle school program. Repeals provision requir... More... ND Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Career Planning S.B. 2150 - Multiple Provisions Requires each district to provide students in grade 7 or 8 with an individual consultative process or a nine-week course for the purpose of ... More... AK Adopted 08/2010 P-12 Work Ready/College Ready Transitional Skills Curriculum and Benchmark Assessments 4 AAC 06.715 Amends the Alaska Administrative Code, 4 AAC 06. 715(b), regarding Work Ready/College Ready transitional skills curriculum and benchmark ass... More... WV Signed into law 07/2010 P-12 Alternative Schools S.B. 2010 Provides uniformity in alternative schools and requires a pilot program that will allow alternative schools in elementary and middle schools... More... FL Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 School Grades H.B. 1255 - Sec. 6, 29 Amends the formula for calculating school grades to include end-of-course (EOC) assessments taken by middle school students and middle schoo... More... GA Vetoed 06/2010 P-12 Middle School and Academic Instruction per Day H.B. 907 Revises and clarifies language relating to the organization of schools serving grades 6, 7 and/or 8. Provides that schools serving any of th... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 School Structure S.B. 1185 AN ACT AMENDING TITLE 15, CHAPTER 4, ARTICLE 3, Arizona Revised Statutes, BY ADDING SECTION 15-447.01; amending sections 15-901 and 15-2002,... More... WV Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Comprehensive Middle Schools S.B. 373 Allows, upon application by a county board of education, the School Building Authority (SBA) to allocate and expend certain moneys for schoo... More... VA Signed into law 02/2010 P-12 Economics Education and Financial Literacy H.B. 196 Repeals the requirement for economics education and financial literacy instruction in middle and high schools. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-b... More... GA Adopted 11/2009 P-12 Athletics Participation, No Pass No Play Grades 6-12 GAC 160 -5-1-.18, -.19 Adds that retention of students for athletic purposes is prohibited. Repeals rule 160-5-1-.19 "Grades 6-8: Competitive Interscholastic Activ... More... IL Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Awarding of Credit for Courses Taken in Middle Grades H.B. 4038 Relates to the authorization of students in grade 7 or 8 to enroll in a high school course. Allows a student to participate in the course wh... More... NC Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 Assist Students in Transition Between Middle School and High School H.B. 187 Employee Leave for Parent Conferences: - Requires local boards of education to work with business leaders to encourage local businesses to a... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 College and Career Readiness, Financial Literacy H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0721, 3301.079(A)(2) and 3313.601, 3313.603 Section 3301.079(A)(2). Requires the state board to adopt K-12 standards for instruction in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, which m... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 High School Innovation Grant Initiative H.B. 2263 Extends the high school innovation grant initiative to middle and junior high schools. http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Revised K-12 Curriculum Requirements H.B. 3 - Section 25 Requires the state board to adopt rules requiring students in grades 6-8 to complete at least one fine arts course. Each time the Texas Hig... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Participation in Teacher Reading Academy H.B. 3 - Section 24 Amends action that triggers a teacher's participation in a teacher reading academy. Former provision required teacher to participate in read... More... NV Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 At-Risk, Middle School A.B. 487 Requires the development of an academic plan for pupils enrolling in their initial year at a middle school or junior high school; requires s... More... IL Adopted 04/2009 P-12 Middle Grades Certification 23 IAC 1.75, .705, .720 1.75: Updates language regarding student information systems to reflect that the system is now compatible with all districts' local data pac... More... WA Signed into law 04/2009 P-12 Career/Technical Education S.B. 5676 Provides for career and technical education opportunities for middle school students; provides that a middle school that receives approval f... More... LA Adopted 03/2009 P-12 Carnegie Credits for Middle School Students LAC 28:CXV.2321 Amends rules relating to the Carnegie credit for middle school students. http://doa.louisiana.gov/osr/lac/28v115/28v115.doc... More... MA Signed into law 12/2008 P-12 Commission on Middle Education H.B. 4800 Revives and continues the special commission on middle education in the Commonwealth. http://www.mass.gov/legis/bills/house/185/ht04pdf/ht04... More... CA Signed into law 09/2008 P-12 Community College Early commitment to college program S.B. 890 Establishes the Early Commitment to College Program. Requires schools designated and not designated as a College Opportunity Zone to provide... More... LA Signed into law 07/2008 P-12 High School Dropout Prevention Act of 2008 H.B. 1091 Provides that before a student between the ages of 17 and 18 may drop out, the student and student's parent must attend an exit interview, i... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Teacher Salary Supplement Program S.B. 2 - Sections 19 and 20 Defines "qualifying educational background." Beginning in fiscal year 2008-2009, provides an annual salary supplement of $4,100 for a full-t... More... LA Adopted 12/2007 P-12 Carnegie Credit for Middle School Students LAC 28:CXV.2321 Amends sections of Bulletin 741-Louisiana Handbook for School Administrators concerning the Carnegie Credit for Middle School Students. Prov... More... CA Signed into law 09/2007 P-12 International Baccalaureate A.B. 556 Amends law relating to the International Baccalaureate Program for high school and middle school pupils. Repeals provision regarding startup... More... NY Adopted 08/2007 P-12 Summer Academies and Teacher Professional Development for Middle Grades Math and Science Title 8 NYCRR Section 100.14 and 100.15 Establishes criteria for the award of grants for the Excelsior Scholars program for grade 7 math and science students. Establishes criteria ... More... NC Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 Reaching One's Potential for Excellence (ROPE) Scholars Pilot Program. S.B. 1030 The purpose of the ROPE Scholars Pilot Program is to strengthen middle grades education in order to provide students with the opportunity to... More... NV Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Postsec. Dropout Reporting, Exit Exam Alternatives, Competency Based Credits S.B. 312 Expands the annual reports of accountability information to include the rate of pupils who drop out of school in grades 6, 7 and 8. Requires... More... NY Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Excelsior Scholars and Summer Institutes for Grades 5-8 Math and Science Teachers S.B. 2107 - Part B, Section 39 Adds section 3641-A to the education code. Directs the commissioner to establish an Excelsior Scholars program for grade 7 math and science ... More... IL Adopted 09/2006 P-12 Highly Qualified Teachers, P.E. and Denial of Enrollment 23 IAC 1.77, .242, .420, .430, .720 New section (p 243 of 405 http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/departments/index/register/register_volume30_issue41.pdf) institutes a requireme... More... HI Signed into law 07/2006 P-12 Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Programs S.B. 2505 Appropriates funds to extend adolescent school-based substance abuse treatment programs to all middle and intermediate schools, with priorit... More... NC Signed into law 07/2006 P-12 Role School Counselors Play in Providing Dropout Prevention S.B. 571 Directs the state board of education to report on the role school counselors play in providing dropout prevention and intervention services ... More... VA Rule Adoption 07/2006 P-12 Standards For Accrediting Public Schools 8 VAC 20-131-10 thru -320 non seq. Amends regulations establishing standards for accrediting public schools in Virginia. The amendments include additional options for student... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Florida Secondary School Redesign Act H.B. 7087 - Section 19 Defines secondary schools as those serving grades 6-12. Specifies that the following guiding principles must be used in the annual preparat... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Middle School Reforms H.B. 7087 (Section 21) Beginning with students entering grade 6 in the 2006-2007 school year, promotion from a school composed of middle grades 6, 7, and 8 require... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Readiness for Postsecondary Education and Workforce Program H.B. 7087 (Section 37) The legislation shifts career and postsecondary planning from 9th grade to beginning in middle school. It is the intent of the Legislature t... More... KY Adopted 02/2006 P-12 Individual Learning Plans 704 KAR 3:305 (section 3) Requires districts to implement an advising and guidance process throughout the middle and high schools to provide support for the developme... More... NY Emergency Rule Adoption 05/2005 P-12 Middle-Level Education Title 8 NYCRR 100.3, .4, 80-5.12 Amends regulations to implement Regents policy statement on middle-level education. Districts with low-performing schools will be allowed t... More... FL Emergency Rule Adoption 04/2005 P-12 Course Requirements/Basic/Adult Secondary Programs FAC 6AER05-1 Establishes emergency rules regarding course requirements. Establishes basic and adult secondary programs for 2005. Course Requirements - G... More... KY Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Teacher' Professional Growth Fund H.B. 93 (Sections 5 and 6) Specifies that the teachers' professional growth fund is to provide teachers with high quality professional development in content knowledge... More... DE Rule Adoption 01/2005 P-12 Standard Certificate Science Teacher Middle Level 14 DAC 1542 Amends regulation relating to the certification of a science teacher of middle level by removing the requirements for earth science and phys... More... GA Adopted 07/2004 P-12 Middle School Program Criteria GAC 160-4-2-.05 Clarifies rules to comply with new legislation to provide that a school may reduce the required five hours of academic time to four and one-... More... RI Became law without GOVERNOR'S signature. 07/2004 P-12 Middle Schools Performance H.B. 7154 Would require school committees in every city and town to initiate policies to improve the educational performance of its middle schools. ... More... DE Rule Adoption 05/2004 P-12 Standard Certificate Middle Level Teacher 14 DAC 1557 Amends regulation relating to the requirements for a standard certificate for a middle level teacher. Changes grade span from 5-8 to 6-8. Al... More... FL To governor 05/2004 P-12 Middle Grades Reform Act S.B. 354 Creates the "Middle School Reform Act;" provides definitions; prescribes program criteria and content; provides a timeline for implementatio... More... LA Adopted 04/2004 P-12 PRAXIS Exams and Passing Scores LAC 28:I.903 Adopts rules to specify the exam and passing score(s) for the following certification areas: Business Education; Middle School Science; and ... More... NC Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Community College Sections Pertaining to Dropout Data, Dropout Retention, Teacher Quality S.B. 1275 Directs the state board to improve the state's tracking of dropout data; encourages the concurrent enrollment of state technical high school... More... MD Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 Development of Middle School Teacher Certification H.B. 661 Requires that the department and Professional Standards in Teaching Education Board develop a certificate for middle school teachers. http:/... More... CT Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Gear Up for CT Futures Account H.B. 5498 Allows the Board of Governors of Higher Education to establish and administer within the general fund a GEAR Up for Connecticut futures acco... More... MD Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Tax to Support Prince George's County Programs H.B. 949 Establishes sales and use tax on telecommunications service in Prince George's County. Net proceeds from the revenue must be used only as s... More... OK Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 H.B. 2625 Allows sixth grade mathematics teachers to obtain middle level endorsement by successfully completing a professional development institute i... More... KY Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Professional Development for Middle School Math Teachers H.B. 66 Retains priority for funding to improve middle school mathematics teachers' content knowledge; permits the Department of Education to approv... More... MD Signed into law 04/2001 P-12 Eligiblity of Middle and High School Libraries for Grant Funding H.B. 434 Alters the state school library funds grant program of the School Accountability Funding and Excellence Program in order to make middle scho... More... NM Vetoed 04/2001 P-12 Middle Schools Defined S.B. 662 The term and definition of "middle school" will be added to the school classifications of the Public School Code. Otherwise, the code define... More... KY Signed into law 04/2000 P-12 Professional Development Fund S.B. 77 Creates the Middle School Mathematics Professional Development Fund to provide moneys to teachers of middle school mathematics for tuition r... More... GA Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Omnibus Bill - Middle School Schedules and Accountability H.B. 1187 The requirements for the middle school program stay exactly the same for the next school year, with 85 minutes of common planning time. Beg... More... UT Signed into law 03/1999 P-12 Establishes an Alternative Middle School Program H.B. 329 Establishes an alternative middle school program; provides for implementation of the program; makes an appropriation.... More... UT Died 05/1998 P-12 S.B. 77 Relates to public education; creates a middle schools task force; provides for membership, duties, and interim reports; makes and appropriat... More... GA Signed into law 07/1997 P-12 20-2-312 St. Prog. for Middle School Children during nonschool hrs The Department of Education shall, in consultation with the Georgia School Age Care Association, operate a state program designed to provide... More... Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child