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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards MN Signed into law 07/2011 P-12 Adequate Yearly Progress and Other Data H.F. 26 Allows the commissioner 30 additional days to release student growth and adequate yearly progress data in years when new performance standar... More... UT Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 State Reporting of Class Size and Charter School Funding S.B. 56 Modifies the state superintendent's annual report of the public school system by: (1) requiring reporting of data on average class sizes cal... More... UT Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Postsec. Money-Saving Measures H.B. 166 Section 1: Directs the state board, by December 31, 2010, to review mandates provided for in administrative rule, to determine whether some ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 District Reporting Requirements H.B. 3041 Directs the state education agency to develop and maintain a comprehensive schedule that addresses all district reporting requirements (incl... More... KY Adopted 02/2009 P-12 School and District Report Cards 703 KAR 5:140 Amends rules regarding content and distribution of school and district report cards. Provides that as accurate, reliable data become availab... More... OR Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 Oregon Report Card H.B. 2263C, Section 9 The purpose of the Oregon Report Card is to monitor trends among school districts and Oregon¢s progress toward achieving the goals stated in... More... CO Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 State Report Card Requirements and Procedures H.B. 1345 Concerns modifications to school accountability reports. Spells out various proceedures and requirements related to state and No Child Left ... More... OR Adopted 11/2006 P-12 Date for Issuing Report Cards OAR 581-022-1060 Description notes that the best practice would be to issue report cards as early as possible, so that schools have critical information for ... More... KY Adopted 06/2006 P-12 School and District Report Cards 703 KAR 5:140 Establishes rules regarding the standards for a school and district report card. http://www.lrc.ky.gov/kar/703/005/140.htm... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 School Report Cards- High School Data H.B. 7087 (Section 11) School districts and boards must provide information regarding performance of students and educational programs as required pursuant to ss. ... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 School Report Cards H.B. 7087 (Section 46) Requires school report cards to be delivered -- not just available -- to parents. The Department of Education will annually develop, in coll... More... FL Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 School Improvement Rating for Alternative Schools H.B. 7087 (Section 47) Alternative schools that provide dropout-prevention and academic-intervention services pursuant to s. 1003.53 shall receive a school-improv... More... CO Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Educational Data Advisory Committee S.B. 19 Requires the state board to identify volunteer districts, boards of cooperative services and a charter school to send representatives to for... More... MO Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Report cards/ teacher tenure H.B. 297 REPORT CARDS Currently, school districts are required to produce an annual accountability report card for each school building, distribute ... More... OK Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Student Tracking and Reporting (STAR) Pilot Program H.B. 1021 (multiple provisions) One section of this bill creates the Student Tracking and Reporting (STAR) Pilot Program. Requires interoperability with other state student... More... SC Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Postsec. Community College South Carolina Education and Economic Development Act H.B. 3155 Adds a new chapter (59) establishing the South Carolina Education and Economic Development Act. Provides for the development of a curriculum... More... AR Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Student Assessment Scores H.B. 2881 Concerns assessments scores for students attending the Arkansas school for mathematics, sciences and the arts of the University of Arkansas.... More... GA Adopted 12/2004 P-12 Statewide Accountability GAC 160-7-1-.01 thru .04 Clarifies rules regarding the following: single statewide accountability system; accountability system definitions; accountability profiles;... More... CA Vetoed 09/2004 P-12 Public School Performance Accountability Program:Opportunity for Teaching and Learning Index S.B. 1419 Existing law establishes the Public School Performance Accountability Program which consists of the Academic Performance Index (API), the Im... More... CA Signed into law 09/2004 P-12 State Reimbursement for the School Accountability Report Card and the STAR Program A.B. 2855 (multiple provisions) SEC. 19: Existing law requires the governing board of a school district maintaining an elementary or secondary school to develop and cause t... More... CA Signed into law 09/2004 P-12 Review of Audit Exceptions S.B. 550 (multiple provisions) SEC. 13: Requires the county superintendent of schools to include in the review of audit exceptions those audit exceptions related to use of... More... CA Signed into law 09/2004 P-12 School Accountability Report Cards S.B. 550 (multiple provisions) SEC. 10: Requires the school accountability report card to include information regarding the availability of sufficient textbooks and other ... More... CA Signed into law 09/2004 P-12 Nonpublic Schools Serving Special Education Students A.B. 1858 (multiple provisions) Requires a master contracts with nonpublic, nonsectarian schools for the provision of special education and related services to include that... More... IL Signed into law 08/2004 P-12 Student Dropout Rate Report S.B. 3109 Amends the School Code. Requires the State Board of Education to establish a system for accurate tracking of transfer students. Requires tha... More... NM Rule Adoption 08/2004 P-12 Public Education Department Administration NMAC 6.19.1, .3, .7, .8, .9 Amends to reflect the Public Education Department as the issuing agency, current statutory authority, adds and clarifies definitions, and am... More... AK Signed into law 07/2004 P-12 School Performance Reports H.B. 405 Relates to reports on school and school district performance; relates to accountability of public schools and school districts. http://www.l... More... GA Adopted 07/2004 P-12 Reporting of Schools GAC 160-5-1-.03 Clarifies rules to define school and special entity so as to ensure an accurate reporting to ensure an accurate reporting of FTEs and Annual... More... GA Adopted 07/2004 P-12 Statewide Accountability; Definitions; School Profiles GAC 160-7-1-.01 thru -.04 Clarifies rules regarding statewide accountability, applicable definitions, school profiles, and awards and consequences; creates a single s... More... CO Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Parental Questions On School Reports H.B. 1217 Concerns changes to the school accountability report to include a page that specifies certain information a parent may request from a school... More... CO Signed into law 03/2004 P-12 State School Accountability Reports H.B. 1124 Changes the state school accountability report to add information on adequate yearly progress; adds information on achievement levels for va... More... AR Signed into law 01/2004 P-12 Student Assessment and Educational Accountability Act of 2004 - Reporting S.B. 33 §§ 1, 4, 5, 6 Amends Ark. Code § 6-15-404, adds 6-15-434, 6-15-1806, 6-15-1901, 6-15-1902, 6-15-1903 .Creates the Student Assessment and Educational Accou... More... AR Signed into law 01/2004 P-12 Arkansas Opportunity Public School Choice Act of 2004 - Timely ID S.B. 33 § 7 Add Ark. Code 6-18-227. Requires parental/student notification as soon as practicable that school has been designated Level 1 performance fo... More... MI Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Reporting Requirements H.B. 4401 (multiple provisions) Sec. 19. (1) A district shall comply with any requirements of sections 1204a, 1277, 1278, and 1280 of the revised school code, MCL 380.1204a... More... OH Signed into law 08/2003 P-12 Report Cards H.B. 3--Sec. 3302-021 Requires, by July 1, 2005 and not later than July 1, 2007, the implementation of a value-added progress dimension for districts and building... More... NH Became law without governor's signature 07/2003 P-12 New Hampshire School District Profiles H.B. 139 (193-E:3, III) States that a comprehensive, statewide educational accountability system should include reporting on pupil performance at the school, school... More... NY Adopted 07/2003 P-12 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001-Public Reporting Req. Section 100.2(m) of Title 8 NYCRR Establishes rules to establish criteria and procedures to ensure State and local educational agency compliance with the provisions of the Fe... More... NY Adopted 07/2003 P-12 No Child Left Behind Act of 2001-Data Reporting Req. 8 NYCRR Section 100.2(bb) Establishes rules to establish criteria and procedures relating to school district data reporting to ensure State and local educational agen... More... UT Rule Adoption 07/2003 P-12 Data Standards, Deadlines and Procedures R277-484 Amends rules to provide specific standards, deadlines, and procedures for school districts and the State Office of Education to fulfill thei... More... DE Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 Education Profiles/Schools/Districts and the State 14 DAC 104 Establishes rules due to changes in state and federal statutes concerning school, district and state accountability for student performance;... More... MD Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 Review and Recognition of Schools under NCLB COMAR 13A.01.04.09 A. The State Board and the State Superintendent of Schools shall annually review the progress of each local school system to determine if th... More... MD Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 NCLB-Related School Performance Reporting Requirements COMAR 13A.01.04.06 A. Maryland School Performance Report. (1) Annually before the beginning of the school year, the Department shall publish the Maryland Schoo... More... MD Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 Student Performance Areas to Include in NCLB Reporting and Accountability COMAR 13A.01.04.04 A. Student Performance Areas. The following data-based areas shall be measured by the standards in Regulation .05 of this chapter and report... More... NV Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Reporting Test Scores to Parents and Timely Identification Provisions S.B. 1 (Omnibus Bill) The Legislative Committee on Education is authorized to review state board regulations adopted pursuant to the bill. School districts are r... More... NV Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Assessment, Reporting Requirements S.B. 1 (Omnibus Bill) Senate Bill 1 also revises provisions governing accountability and reporting requirements, in accordance with implementing spring testing fo... More... CO Vetoed 05/2003 P-12 School Accountability Reports S.B. 275 Eliminates the requirement that the department of education print and provide to each public school a specified number of school accountabil... More... DE Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Education Profile Reports S.B. 76 Requires the State Department of Education to issue Delaware Public Education Profiles for all public schools, including charter schools and... More... MN Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 School Accountability and Appeals Process H.F. 302 (multiple provisions) Requires the state commissioner of education to use objective criteria based on student performance levels to identify four to six designati... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Quality Education Act of 2003 - School Improvement H.B. 2697 (Omnibus Bill) Amends §§ 6-15-420 - 6-15-429. Requires the state board to establish a clear concise system of reporting the academic performance of each sc... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Quality Education Act of 2003 - Accountability and Assessment H.B. 2697 (Omnibus Bill) Amends §§ 6-15-402 - 6-15-406. Creates the Arkansas Comprehensive Testing, Assessment, and Accountability Program Act; including requiring t... More... CO Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Department of Education Accountability Reports S.B. 117 Concerns the schedule by which the Department of Education releases school accountability reports; deletes the requirement that the departme... More... IN Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 School Corporation Performance Report; Graduation Rate H.B. 1120 Changes the required publication date and some components of school corporation annual performance reports. Provides for reports to be made ... More... NM Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Graduation Rates S.B. 394 Requires school districts to track graduation rates for high school in the district.... More... NM Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Reporting H.B. 212 (Omnibus Bill) Adds a new section (22-2A-11). Requires state board to adopt the format for reporting student scores to parents. If the state board has ad... More... AK Adopted 12/2002 P-12 High School Graduation Examinations 4 AAC 06.755 Requires every sophomore to take the high school graduation exam. Juniors who have failed must be retested at least once each school year o... More... PA Signed into law 12/2002 P-12 State Report Card H.B. 204 Amends the Public School Code (P.L.30, NO.14). Provides for a state report card and for the collection of data that meets the requirements o... More... AL Active 10/2002 P-12 Reporting to Parents N/A "Parents Right to Know" annotated document about NCLB. http://www.alsde.edu/html/doc_download.asp?id=20029308446&section=57... More... AZ Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A Arizona LEARNS Achievement Profiles Results: http://www.ade.az.gov/azlearns/... More... CA Active 10/2002 P-12 Parental Notification for NCLB N/A Parental notification requirements for NCLB: (http://www.cde.ca.gov/govaffairs/attacha.html)... More... GA Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A 2000-01 Report Card web page: (http://techservices.doe.k12.ga.us/reportcard/)... More... ID Active 10/2002 P-12 Acountability Reporting N/A 2000-01 State and District Profiles: http://www.sde.state.id.us/DistProfiles/DistrictProfiles.asp... More... LA Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A Accountability Reports: (http://www.doe.state.la.us/DOE/asps/home.asp?I=PROF98) 1998-1999 Report Cards: (http://www.doe.state.la.us/DOE/asps... More... MD Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A Performance Reporting Web site: http://msp.msde.state.md.us/... More... MS Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/a 2000-2001 Mississippi Record Card: (http://www.ms.gov/frameset.jsp?URL=http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/)... More... NE Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A 2000-2001 Report Card: (http://reportcard.nde.state.ne.us/Main/PDFDownload.asp)... More... OK Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A Report Cards and Statistics: http://www.sde.state.ok.us/other.html... More... SC Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A 2001 Report Cards web page: (http://www.myscschools.com/reportcard/)... More... WV Active 10/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A Report Cards web page: http://wvde.state.wv.us/data/report_cards/... More... WA Active 09/2002 P-12 Accountability Reporting N/A 2002-03 District and school report card requirements: (http://www.k12.wa.us/ESEA/pubdocs/Reportcardchecklist.pdf). Also, Washington has a s... More... AK Adopted 08/2002 P-12 School Designators 4 AAC 06 - Article 4 Establishes the indicators and formulas used to measure school performance. http://www.eed.state.ak.us/regs/adopted/4AAC06_schooldesignator... More... FL Signed into law 08/2002 P-12 Education Code Re-Write: School Improvement and Accountability Program; Florida School Recognition Program S.B. 20E Eliminates commissioner waiver authority in school improvement/accountability system (see bill section 379, page 849, line 29 ff) Places Flo... More... IL Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 School Report Cards H.B. 5663 Amends the School Code. Provides that the school report card assessing the performance of a school district's schools and students must spec... More... AK Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 School Performance Designation and Improvement Deadlines Pushed Back H.B. 352 Requires school report cards to include performance designations and the department to monitor the progress of the implementation of school ... More... IL Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 NAEP Testing, School Report Cards, Parental Notification of Child Placement in Bilingual Program, Supplemental Aid to Low-Income Districts S.B. 1983 Requires schools that are part of the sample drawn by the National Center for Education Statistics to administer the biennial State academic... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Annual Reports on Schools and Districts S.B. 1331 Changes distribution deadline for state board's annual reports for every school and district and the state as a whole from July 1 to Septemb... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Performance Indices, School Classification and Intervention for Failing Schools H.B. 2658 Requires that the academic achievement profile report for schools serving students grades K-8 include as indicators the Arizona Measure of A... More... CO Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Alternative Education Campuses S.B. 94 Requires state board to establish criteria and application process for a school to be designated an alternative education campus. Mandates t... More... KS Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Curriculum Standards Review, State School Report Card, Pupil Performance Study S.B. 9 Requires review of curriculum standards in certain core academic areas every five instead of three years. Changes date to requires state boa... More... MD Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 Equal Access to Government Services to LEP Individuals S.B. 265 States the intent of the general assembly that state agencies provide equal access to public services for individuals with limited English p... More... IN Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Districts Annual Performance Reports H.B. 1108 Changes the required publication date and some components of school corporation annual performance reports; provides for reports to be made ... More... WA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Disaggregating data S.B. 6456 Authorizes the Academic Achievement and Accountability Commission to set performance improvement goals for certain groups of students and dr... More... OH Signed into law 11/2001 P-12 Performance Indicators Provision S.B. 1 Repeals all former district performance indicators, and requires the state board to establish at least 17 new indicators annually through 20... More... No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child