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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality NY Signed into law 08/2012 P-12 Birth-5 Standards, Guidelines, and Criteria A.B. 7591 Directs the department of education, the office of children and family services and the department of health, each to identify and review ex... More... OH Signed into law 06/2012 P-12 Licensure of Preschool and Child Care Programs S.B. 316 - Licensure of Preschool and Child Care Programs Defines "school child," "child care," and other terms. Removes various references to preschool or school child program license renewal and t... More... IL Adopted 05/2012 P-12 Early Childhood Block Grant 23 IL ADC 235.20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70; 23 IL ADC 235.APP. A, B, C From Illinois Register: This rulemaking resulted from the state board's application for funding under the American Recovery and Reinvestment... More... LA Signed into law 05/2012 P-12 Standards for Licensed Day Care Centers H.B. 1016 Makes revisions to current law regarding standards for licensed day care centers, describes the duties of the Department of Children and Fam... More... DC Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Early Childhood Education, Title V Bill 19-648 Requires the chancellor to establish academic acheivement goals for three and four-year olds, and readiness goals and evaluations for three ... More... FL Vetoed 04/2012 P-12 School Readiness Programs H.B. 5103 From final bill analysis: Conforms applicable statutes to the appropriations provided in the General Appropriations Act for the school readi... More... FL Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Voluntary Prekindergarten Education Program H.B. 5101 - Voluntary Prekindergarten Education Program Requires each private prekindergarten provider and public school in the Voluntary Prekindergarten Education Program to implement an evidence... More... LA Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Louisiana Early Childhood Education Act. S.B. 581 Requires the state board of education to create a comprehensive and integrated network through which to manage and oversee all programs fund... More... GA Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Emergency Closure of an Early Care and Education Program S.B. 185 Provides for emergency closure of an early care and education program upon the death of a minor or where a child's safety or welfare is in i... More... VT Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Regulation of Prekindergaten Education Programs S.B. 100 - Early Education Regulation This section requires the departments of education and children and families to consult with the various stakeholders in early learning (spe... More... AR Signed into law 04/2011 P-12 Evaluation of Early Learning Programs S.B. 337 Directs the Division of Child Care and Early Childhood Education to assess each early childhood program in this state that receives state fu... More... MN Issued 03/2011 P-12 The Early Learning Council E.O. 11-05 Creates the Early Learning Council to serve as the state advisory council on early childhood education and care. The council will consists o... More... IL Issued 06/2010 P-12 Office of Early Childhood Development Executive Order 8 Creates the Office of Early Childhood Development in the governor's office. Provides that the purpose of the office is to coordinate the wor... More... OK Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Head Start Included on Readiness Board H.B. 3126 Expanding duties and board representation of the Oklahoma Partnership for School Readiness board. Directs the Board to additionally serve as... More... CO Signed into law 04/2010 P-12 Quality in Child Care Program H.B. 1026 Creates the Quality in Child Care Incentive Grant Program with the objective of providing incentives to county or district departments of so... More... OH Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Inspections of Preschool and Licensed School Child Programs H.B. 1 - Section 3301.57 Partially from DOE summary of H.B. 1: Reduces the number of annual inspections of preschool programs and licensed school child programs by t... More... IA Adopted 07/2009 P-12 Early Childhood Council IAC 641-Chapter 83 Establishes new rules regarding the Early Childhood Iowa Council. Sets forth membership and operating procedures for the Council and describ... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 Early Childhood Education Programs H.B. 1 - Section 265.10.20 Partially from DOE summary of H.B. 1: Continues the GRF-funded early childhood education program at school districts, joint vocational scho... More... OH Adopted 06/2009 P-12 Early Learning Programs OAC 3301-37-01 through -12 -01: Adds or amends definitions related to early learning programs, including of "alignment," "curriculum," "early learning program guidelin... More... MN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Quality Rating and Improvement System H.F. 2 Establishes a voluntary, standards-based quality rating and improvement system for early learning and care programs. Requires the state to c... More... TN Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Contracting Only with Providers Meeting Highest Standards S.B. 2328 From the fiscal note: Authorizes local education agencies (LEAs) to contract out for the provision of child care services and requires LEAs ... More... WI Issued 10/2008 P-12 Governor's State Advisory Council on Early Childhood Education and Care Executive Order 269 (Executive Order No. 269) Creates the State Advisory Council on Early Childhood Education and Care to conduct a periodic statewide needs ass... More... CA Signed into law 09/2008 P-12 Early learning S.B. 1629 Establishes the Early Learning Quality Improvement System Advisory Committee which would be required to develop the policy and implementatio... More... FL Signed into law 06/2008 P-12 Success in Early Learning Act H.B. 879 Relates to the Success in Early Learning Act; authorizes the use of telecommunication methods in conducting early learning coalition board m... More... IA Adopted 11/2007 P-12 Accreditation Standards Related to Discrimination and Prekindergarten IAC 281, 12.1(1), 281-12.2(256), 12.3(6), 12.3(13), 12.8(1) Reflects that education programs are not to discriminate on the basis of the added characteristics of sexual orientation and gender identity... More... MD Adopted 11/2007 P-12 Family Day Care Quality COMAR 13A.14.04.02, .14 Increases the required preservice and continued training requirements for registered family child care providers to help improve the quality... More... MD Adopted 11/2007 P-12 Child Care Center Licensing and Staff Requirements COMAR 13A.14.02.02, .18, .21-.23, .25-.27 Increases the required preservice and continued training requirements for child care center staff and change the nomenclature of child care ... More... WA Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Child Care Provider Information S.B. 5317 Declares that the purpose of this act is to provide tools to promote the hiring of suitable providers of child care by: (1) Providing parent... More... AK Adopted 02/2007 P-12 PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 4 AAC 04.150 Amends rules to the Department of Education and Early Development.Adopts Grade Level Expectations (GPE) for Kindergarten through Grade 2. AL... More... MS Adopted 07/2006 P-12 Child Care Quality Rating System Uncodified Establishes rules for a pilot project to improve the quality of child care services. Sets up a quality rating system for licensed child care... More... IA Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Community Empowerment Initiative H.B. 2769 Increases membership on the community empowerment state board. Requires family support services in the community empowerment initiative to ... More... CO Vetoed 05/2006 P-12 Statewide Early Childhood Councils H.B. 1397 Concerns the creation and duties of a statewide system of integrated early childhood councils. Repeals the pilot program for community conso... More... MO Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Standards for Early Childhood Education H.B. 1511 Requires the department of Education to develop, by June 30, 2007, standards for early childhood education which will be applicable to publi... More... MD Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Child Care Quality Incentive Grant Program H.B. 601 Requires the Child Care Quality Incentive Grant Program to be administered by the State Department of Education; authorizes the Department t... More... MS Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Education Reform Act of 2006 S.B. 2602 Enacts the Education Reform Act of 2006. Section 16 directs the department of human services to establish a child care quality step program ... More... WA Signed into law 03/2006 P-12 Department of Early Learning H.B. 2964 Finds that the early years of a child's life are critical to the child's healthy brain development and that the quality of caregiving during... More... HI Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Early Learning Educational Task Force S.B. 3101 Establishes and appropriates funds for an early learning educational task force to be attached to the department of education. Directs the t... More... IA Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Impact of Early Intervention Block Grants H.F. 742 Relates to the Iowa Early Intervention Block Grant Program. Requires a report that includes district-by-district information showing the all... More... IA Issued 08/2004 P-12 Postsec. Community College IOWA LEARNS COUNCIL Executive Order No. 30 - 2003 Creates the IOWA LEARNS COUNCIL. The Iowa Learns Council shall work towards the ambitious goal of 90% of Iowa children having a quality pre-... More... AR Rule Adoption 06/2004 P-12 Better Chance Program ADE 174 Establishes general guidelines for the operation of early childhood programs funded under the Arkansas Better Chance Program and the Arkansa... More... SD Signed into law 02/2004 P-12 Child Care Availability Quality S.B. 117 Establishes a task force to improve the quality and availability of child care and early learning opportunities.... More... OR Rule Adoption 06/2003 P-12 Renewal of Authorization for Specialists OAR 581-015-1105, -1106 Amends rules to streamline the process of renewal of authorization for early childhood specialists and early childhood supervisors within th... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Better Chance Program H.B. 2402 Expands the Arkansas Better Chance Program; allows any licensed early childhood program with early childhood accreditation by the Department... More... MS Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Statewide Prekindergarten/School Readiness Program Assessment S.B. 2636 Establishes oversight committee to assess all prekindergarten or school readiness programs run by any public or private school or Head Start... More... ND Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Teacher Qualifications (Early Childhood and Kindergarten) H.B. 1489 Requires the state board to issue major equivalency endorsements and minor equivalency endorsements (new requirement). Also adds new requir... More... KY Adopted 03/2003 P-12 Probationary Certificate/Teachers of Children 16 KAR 2:140 Allows that if no certified early childhood education teacher is available, the superintendent may ask that a one-year probationary interdis... More... KY Adopted 03/2003 P-12 Interdisciplinary Early Childhood Education Teacher Certificate 16 KAR 2:040 Establishes rules regarding the professional certificate for interdisciplinary early childhood education, birth to primary, the teacher stan... More... WV Adopted 01/2003 P-12 Universal Access to Pre-Kindergarten System STATE ID: 126-28 Title 126, Series 28 Provides rules relating to West Virginia's universal access to the state's Pre-Kindergarten System. WEST VIRGINIA REG 4202 (SN)... More... NM Adopted 11/2002 P-12 Competencies for Early Childhood Education 6.61.8.10 Sets forth the competencies required for early childhood educators. ... More... IL Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 Child Care H.B. 3662 Amends the Child Care Act of 1969; excludes certain programs operated by private entities on the grounds of public or private elementary or ... More... TN Signed into law 05/2002 P-12 State Standards Apply to Private Providers S.B. 2380 Applies the state board's of education child care standards to programs operated by private schools. Any funds or personnel involved in the ... More... MD Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Child Care Quality Incentive Grant Program H.B. 986 Establishes a Child Care Quality Incentive Grant Program in the Department of Human Resources; authorizes the Department to award grants as ... More... OK Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Child Care Facilities Licensing Act-Single licensure process S.B. 1584 An Act relating to children; amending 10 O.S. 2001, Section 401, which relates to the Oklahoma Child Care Facilities Licensing Act; requiri... More... VA Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Licenced child care center regulations H.B. 1208 Provides that regulations for licensed child care centers adopted by the state board of social services or the child day-care council shall ... More... TN Signed into law 07/2001 P-12 Child care report cards and tiered reimbursement system. S.B. 1667; same as H.B. 1390 Establishes and implements a mandatory child care agency report card system and a separate and voluntary child care agency rated licensing s... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Early Childhood Education Grant Evaluation S.B. 1516 Relates to Early Childhood Education Grant Evaluation; provides that the legislative council shall develop outcome measures to indicate the ... More... FL Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Cuts Early Childhood Programs S.B. 1162 - Omnibus The following programs have been repealed by S.B. 1162: 1) Gold Seal Quality care program, a three tiered quality rating system 2) Early... More... IN Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Child care development vouchers S.B. 110 Provides that a child care ministry that receives child care development voucher may only be required by a local Step Ahead Council to meet ... More... ME Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Safety Standards for Nursery Schools S.B. 291 (LD 1002) Authorizes the Department of Human Services to adopt rules for the safe operation of nursery schools.... More... CO Signed into law 03/2001 P-12 Alternative Preschool Programs S.B. 49 Requires school district preschool program councils to periodically assess whether alternative community providers are available and to ensu... More... WY Signed into law 02/2001 P-12 Regional Preschool Teacher Development H.B. 113 Relates to regional development preschool system teachers; includes employment as a teacher in the regional development preschool system as ... More... NJ Signed into law 09/2000 P-12 Facility Safety S.B. 982 Exempts child care centers operated by a non-profit organization in a public school building from radon testing and certain other requiremen... More... CA Vetoed 08/2000 P-12 Higher Standards for Public Child Care A.B. 1986 Revises and recasts the indicators of quality child care and development programs. Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to deve... More... AL Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Accreditation of Preschool Programs H.J.R. 96 Relates to preschool programs; requires preschools receiving funding under the early childhood block grant program to become accredited.... More... AZ Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Preschool Accreditation H.B. 2398 Relates to preschool programs; requires preschools receiving funding under the early childhood block grant program to become accredited.... More... VA Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Preschool Compliance S.B. 170 Provides that the guidelines for the at-risk four-year-old preschool program may be differentiated according to the agency delivering the se... More... WY Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Preschool Programs H.B. 185 Relates to preschool programs; provides a school district may establish a preschool program under certain conditions; provides for funding a... More... NC Signed into law 06/1999 P-12 Revises Child Care Laws H.B. 287 Makes corrections to the general statutes regarding child care; repeals certain other laws pertaining to child care program standards; makes... More... IA Signed into law 04/1999 P-12 Establishes Early Intervention Block Grant Program H.B. 743 Establishes an Iowa early intervention block grant program; provides goal of class reduction; provides direction and resources for success, ... More... VA Signed into law 03/1999 P-12 Expands the List of Accrediting Bodies for Preschool Programs H.B. 2205 Expands the list of accrediting bodies that permit a preschool or nursery school program operated by a private school to be exempt from lice... More... VA Died 06/1998 P-12 H.B. 434 & S.B. 167 Class Size Reduction Program Expands 4 year old at risk preschool programs to cover all eligible students in all schools; revises the Statewide voluntary pupil-teacher r... More... VA Signed into law 04/1998 P-12 H.B. 927 Child Care Provides that the State Board of Social Services or the Child Day Care Council shall not require the adoption of a specific teaching approac... More... FL Signed into law 05/1997 P-12 S.B. 630 Provides for privatization of prekindergarten early intervention program; provides minimum standards for staff-to-children ratio in licensed... More... VA Signed into law 04/1997 P-12 S.B. 1137 Child Day Center Personnel Provides that licensed child care centers shall employ staff personnel according to specific ratios of staff members to children.... More... UT Signed into law 03/1997 P-12 Early Childhood Licensing, Requirements H.B. 124 Early Childhood Licensing Relates to the licensing of day care facilities; limits licensing authority with regard to educational curricula and the training of provide... More... VA Signed into law 05/1995 P-12 Virginia Omnibus Education Act of 1995 The bill establishes a long term goal to reduce the pupil teacher ratio to 20 to 1 in grades K-3 in schools where 25 to 49% of the students ... More... P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child