ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2012

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
- Business Involvement
ORSigned into law 06/2011P-12
Community College
Creates Oregon Employer Workforce Training Program and Oregon Youth Employment Program in Department of Community Colleges and Workforce Development (CCWD) subject to availability of funds. Charges local workforce investment boards with local management of programs created. Requires private sector funding equal to state funding for the Oregon Employer Workforce Training Fund. Establishes the Oregon Employer Workforce Training Fund and the Oregon Youth Employment Fund in the State Treasury.
http://www.leg.state.or.us/11reg/measpdf/sb0100.dir/sb0175.en.pdf
Title: S.B. 175
Source: http://www.leg.state.or.us

FLSigned into law 05/2011P-12
Postsec.
Repeals provisions relating to programs that were never implemented or are no longer funded. The programs are: Digital Divide Council and the associated Pilot Project for Discounted Computers and Internet Access for Low-Income Students; the Institute on Urban Policy and Commerce; the Community and Faith-based Organizations Initiative; the Community and Library Technology Access Partnership; the Community computer access grant program; Adult Literacy Centers; the Florida Literacy Corps; Preteacher and Teacher Education Pilot programs, the Teacher Education Pilot Programs for High-Achieving Students; the Merit Award Program; the Critical Teacher Shortage Program, which includes: the Florida Teacher Scholarship and Forgivable Loan Program, the Critical Teacher Shortage Tuition Reimbursement Program, and the Critical Teacher Shortage Student Loan Forgiveness Program.

The legislation also repeals professional service contracts for instructional staff and the requirement for students who took Algebra I in the middle grades from 2007-2008 through 2009-2010 to take the Algebra I end-of-course assessment in the 2010-2011 school year.

http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h7087er.docx&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=7087&Session=2011
Title: H.B. 7087
Source: http://www.myfloridahouse.gov

WASigned into law 03/2010P-12Designates resource programs for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics instruction in K12 schools; requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to designate schools to serve as resources and examples on how to combine a small, highly personalized learning community, an interdisciplinary curriculum with a strong focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics delivered through a project-based instructional approach, and active partnerships with business and the local community. Chapter 238
http://apps.leg.wa.gov/documents/billdocs/2009-10/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/2621.PL.pdf
Title: H.B. 2621
Source: http://apps.leg.wa.gov

OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Partially from the DOE summary of H.B. 1:Modifies the current requirement for the state board to develop a standard for reporting financial information to the public. Requires districts and educational service center boards to report revenues and expenditures by school building, including expenditures for salaries, and with expenditures for classroom teachers, other certified staff, and all other employees reported separately, as well as per-pupil expenditures per building.

Provides that the state board's existing minimum standards for all public schools must require instructional materials and equipment, including library materials, to be aligned with the academic content standards. Directs the state board to adopt minimum operating standards for school districts, which districts must comply with unless they receive a waiver from the state superintendent. According to DOE summary, the operating standards override any conflicting provisions of a collective bargaining agreement. Provides the operating standards must include:
(1) Standards for the effective and efficient organization, administration and supervision of districts (full text of this provision in "full text" field below)
(2) Standards for the establishment of business advisory councils and family and civic engagement teams by school districts
(3) Standards incorporating the classifications for the components of the adequacy amount under Chapter 3306 of the Revised Code into core academic strategy components and academic improvement components, as specified in rules adopted under section 3306.25 of the Revised Code
(4) Standards for school district organizational units, as defined in sections 3306.02 and 3306.04 of the Revised Code, that require:
(i) The effective and efficient organization, administration and supervision of each school district organizational unit so that it becomes a thinking and learning organization according to principles of systems design and collaborative professional learning communities research as defined by the state superintendent, including a focus on the personalized and individualized needs of each student; a shared responsibility among organizational unit administrators, faculty and staff to develop a common vision, mission and set of guiding principles; a shared responsibility among organizational unit administrators, faculty and staff to engage in a process of collective inquiry, action orientation and experimentation to ensure the academic success of all students; commitment to job-embedded professional development and professional mentoring and coaching; established periods of time for teachers to pursue planning time for the development of lesson plans, professional development, and shared learning; commitment to effective management strategies that allow administrators reasonable access to classrooms for observation and professional development experiences; commitment to teaching and learning strategies that utilize technological tools and emphasize inter-disciplinary, real-world, project-based, and technology-oriented learning experiences to meet the individual needs of every student; commitment to high expectations for every student and commitment to closing the achievement gap so that all students achieve core knowledge and skills in accordance with the statewide academic standards adopted under section 3301.079 of the Revised Code; commitment to the
use of assessments to diagnose the needs of each student; effective connections and relationships with families and others that support student success; commitment to the use of positive behavior intervention supports throughout the organizational unit to ensure a safe and secure learning environment for all students
(ii) A school organizational unit leadership team to coordinate positive behavior intervention supports, family and civic engagement services, learning environments, thinking and learning systems, collaborative planning, planning time, student academic interventions, student extended learning opportunities, and other activities identified by the team and approved by the district board of education. Provides that the team must include the building principal, representatives from each collective bargaining unit, the building lead teacher, parents, business representatives and others that support student success.

Eliminates requirement that state board develop a state plan for technology to encourage the use of technology in educational settings.
DOE summary document: http://www.education.ohio.gov/GD/DocumentManagement/DocumentDownload.aspx?DocumentID=71635
Bill text (pages 979-984 of 3120): http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText128/128_HB_1_EN_N.pdf
Title: H.B. 1 - Section 3301.07
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Renumbers to 3313.82 existing provision requiring local boards and educational service center boards to appoint a business advisory council. Creates new section 3313.821 requiring local boards, and permitting boards of community schools and STEM schools, to appoint a family and civic engagement team comprised of parents, community representatives, health and human service representatives, business representatives and any other representatives identified by the board. Directs teams to:
(1) Work with local county family and children first councils to recommend to the board qualifications and responsibilities to be included in school family and civic engagement coordinator job descriptions
(2) Develop five-year family and civic engagement plans
(3) Provide annual progress reports on the development and implementation of the plan. Directs boards to submit the plan and annual progress reports to the county family and children first council.
(4) Advise and provide recommendations to the board on matters specified by the board.

Creates new section 3313.822. Provides that local boards, instead of appointing a family and civic engagement team and a business advisory council, may appoint one committee to function as both. Permits local boards to determine the membership of such committees, provided the membership requirements set in 3313.821 are met.
Pages 1200-1202 of 3120: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText128/128_HB_1_EN_N.pdf
Title: H.B. 1 - Section 3313.82, 3313.821, 3313.822
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

KYIssued 12/2008P-12Establishes the state Commission on Philanthropy to explore new opportunities for creative solutions to the state's systemic challenges. Provides for an initial focus on early childhood education and child health.
Title: E.O. 2008-1273
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

UTSigned into law 02/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Urges junior high, high school and postsecondary institutions to distribue age appropriate materials on the dangers of meth, and that these materials be made available to the business community, city and county governments, and religious communities. Urges state government to continue to partner with the business community, city and county governments, and various religious entities regarding the dangers of methamphetamines. http://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/hbillenr/hcr001.pdf
Title: H.C.R. 1
Source: le.utah.gov

TXSigned into law 05/2007P-12Requires the commissioner to award grants to organizations that provide volunteers for programs to enhance college readiness, workforce readiness, dropout prevention, and personal
financial literacy. Also requires the commissioner of education to review and approve dropout prevention strategies in districts meeting certain criteria. New Section 29.919 requires the commissioner of education to establish a pilot program to provide grants to rural campuses for technology-based supplemental instruction. State funds for the program are limited to $4 million a year, or greater amount as provided by appropriations.
http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/80R/billtext/pdf/HB02237F.pdf
Title: H.B. 2237 (Supplemental Help Provisions)
Source: http://www.legis.state.tx.us

IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Increases membership on the community empowerment state board. Requires family support services in the community empowerment initiative to include home visitation. Creates a community empowerment gifts and grants account in the Iowa empowerment fund. Makes an appropriation to the school ready children grants account of the Iowa empowerment fund. Makes an appropriation for preschool tuition support for low-income families. Makes an appropriation for efforts to improve the quality of early care. Makes an appropriation to the community empowerment gifts and grants account. Creates a business community investment advisory council to advise the Iowa empowerment board. Directs the advisory council to advise the Iowa empowerment board on the best means to leverage private investment in early care, health, and education services and provide options for creating model projects for public-private partnerships to support quality early care, health, and education programming in communities. Requires the advisory council to submit a report with recommendations and findings to the Iowa empowerment board on or before December 31, 2006. Lists specific areas report must address.

Makes an appropriation for professional development and training activities for persons working in early care, health, and education by the Iowa empowerment board in collaboration with representation from Iowa state university of science and technology cooperative extension service in agriculture and home economics, area education agencies, community colleges, child care resource and referral services, and community empowerment area boards. http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?Category=billinfo&Service=Billbook&menu=false&hbill=HF2769
Title: H.B. 2769
Source:

VASigned into law 03/2004P-12Abolishes the Advisory Council of Virginia Business- Education Partnership Program and the Virginia Business-Education Partnership Program created to assist local programs in obtaining federal funding to establish local business-education partnerships.
Title: H.B. 9
Source: StateNet

CTSigned into law 06/2003P-12Permits the donation of teaching services by private sector specialists in workforce shortage areas identified by the Labor Commissioner and the Office of Workforce Competitiveness. http://www.cga.state.ct.us/asp/cgabillstatus/cgabillstatus.asp?selBillType=Bill&bill_num=5841&which_year=2003&SUBMIT.x=11&SUBMIT.y=6
Title: H.B. 5841
Source: Connecticut Legislative web site

VASigned into law 04/2002P-12Authorizes school boards to enter into agreements with private business and industry for the establishment, installation, renovation, remodeling, or construction of satellite classrooms for grades kindergarten through three on a site owned by the business or industry and leased to the school board at no cost. The local school board may adopt procedures for the enrollment of children of employees of the private industry who reside outside the attendance zone for such classrooms. Such procedures shall be designed to ensure compliance with all federal and state laws and regulations and constitutional provisions prohibiting discrimination that are applicable to public schools and with any court-ordered desegregation plan in effect for the school division. Agreements for such satellite classrooms, shall include, among other things, (i) a detailed description of the satellite site, the site development necessary for new construction, remodeling, or renovation for the accomplishment of the project, and any facility to be constructed; (ii) a plan for the reimbursement of the school division by the private industry or business upon premature termination of any such lease agreement; (iii) an enrollment plan, including grade levels to be served; and (iv) a description of any waivers to be requested from the Board of Education for the operation of such satellite classrooms. This bill also authorizes in the tax code the relevant local government, by ordinance, to provide an exemption, in whole or in part, from the licensure tax for private businesses and industries entering into these agreements. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?021+ful+CHAP0717
Title: H.B. 755
Source: http://leg1.state.va.us

KYSigned into law 04/2000Postsec.Establishes the Kentucky Innovation Commission to provide ongoing advice, direction and policy recommendations to the governor and general assembly relating to the state's knowledge-driven businesses, research development initiatives and related high-skill training and education in the commonwealth. Creates a Kentucky research & development voucher program that provides funding to small and medium-sized, Kentucky-based companies to work in partnership with universities. The purpose of the voucher program is to accelerate knowledge transfer and technological innovation, and to spur economic growth.
Title: H.B. 572
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

VADied 06/1998P-12Establishes the Business and Education Grants Program and Fund; Provides for administration by the Board of Education; support 16 matching grants to be awarded annually on a competitive basis to school divisions; supports innovative partnerships between schoo divisions and local business and industry; requires establishment of local business advisory councils; provides that the councils are to evaluate educational programs and make recommendations.
Title: H.B. 433 Business and Education Grants Program
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

TNSigned into law 05/1998P-12 BECAME LAW WITHOUT GOVERNOR'S SIGNATURE Relates to the establishmnet of a state-funded incentive program designed to stimulate business and corporate involvement in student financial aid by the provision of partial subsidization of students in career-related work-study positions.
Title: H.B. 2366
Source: Information for Public Affairs, Inc.

VAVetoed 04/1998P-12
Postsec.
Establishes the Business and Education Grants Program and Fund, to be administered by the Board of Education, supports 16 matching grants to be awarded annually on a competitive basis to school divisions, with 2 grants for each Superintendent's region; supports innovative partnerships between school divisions and local business industry.
Title: S.B. 168 Business and Education Grants Program and Fund
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

UTSigned into law 03/1996P-12Requires the state board, local boards, school community councils and school directors to work with employers to create opportunities for employees to participate more in public education during school hours.
Title: H.B. 163
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Attitudes
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child