ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2013

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
- Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
MSSigned into law 04/2012P-12Deduction of Cost of Substitute Teachers from Pay of Absent Licensee
S.B. 2452
Clarifies that local school districts may deduct the cost of a substitute teacher from the salary of a licensed school employee for the firs...

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OKSigned into law 04/2012P-12Substitute Teachers Not Holding Certification
H.B. 2727
Requires districts to set the maximum number of days within which a substitute teacher who does not hold a valid certificate may be employed...

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ILSigned into law 08/2011P-12Overhaul of Teacher and Administrator Licensure
S.B. 1799
Effective June 30, 2012, repeals 105 ILCS 5/21-1a on teacher certification exams. Effective June 30, 2013, repeals statutory provisions on (...

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CTSigned into law 06/2011P-12Allows Waiver of Requirement that Substitute Teacher Hold a Bachelor's Degree
S.B. 933
Allows the Commissioner of Education to waive the requirement that a substitute teacher hold a bachelor's degree upon the request of a super...

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TNSigned into law 05/2011P-12Substitute Teachers
S.B. 1674
Authorizes substitute teachers to be employed and paid by a local education agency (LEA) or by a third party provider. Substitute teachers e...

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ILSigned into law 12/2010P-12Authorizations for Substitute Teachers
H.B. 5863
Authorizes a fee, not to exceed the cost of the background check, to be charged to applicants seeking employment as a substitute teacher. Pr...

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OKSigned into law 04/2010P-12Limits on Days Non-Certified Substitute Teachers Can Teach
H.B. 2854
Increases the number of school days a substitute teacher who does not hold a valid certificate may be employed during a school year from 70 ...

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WVSigned into law 06/2009P-12Hiring Teachers/SubstituteTeachers/Noncitizen Teachers/Teacher Retirement
S.B. 1006A
Amends the definition of "long-term substitute" from a substitute employee who fills a vacant position expected to extend for at least 90 co...

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HISigned into law 06/2008P-12Wage Adjustments for Substitute Teachers
S.B. 2652
Effective July 1, 2008, directs the board of education to provide wage adjustments for substitute teachers that are comparable to the across...

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IAAdopted 07/2007P-12Substitutes in K-6 Special Education Classrooms
IAC 282-14.143(272)
Expands the ability of a paraeducator holding a substitute authorization to work in K-6 special education classrooms. IOWA 5764...

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NVSigned into law 05/2007P-12Student Teachers at At-Risk Schools and Subject Areas
A.B. 512
Requires a school district which has entered into an agreement for the assignment of student teachers within the district for training purpo...

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WVSigned into law 02/2007P-12Retired Teachers as Substitutes & Retirement Benefits
H.B. 2105
Extends the expiration date of provisions permitting retired teachers to accept employment as substitutes in areas of critical need and shor...

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HISigned into law 07/2006P-12Substitute Teacher Pay
S.B. 3197
Sets and provides moneys for the classification and compensation rates for substitute teachers that are consistent with the compensation rat...

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OKSigned into law 06/2006P-12Substitute Special Education Teachers
S.B. 1493
Beginning with the 2007-08 school year, requires any substitute teacher employed to teach special education for the same assignment for more...

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WASigned into law 03/2006P-12Substitutes
H.B. 2446
Declares that the provisions of RCW 42.23.030 do not apply to the letting of an employment contract as a substitute teacher or substitute ed...

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IAAdopted 12/2005P-12Qualifications for Substitute Teachers
IAC 14.119(1), 14.119(3)
Allows a substitute teacher's license to be issued to an individual who has successfully completed all requirements of an approved Iowa teac...

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ILEmergency Rule Adoption 09/2005P-12Substitute Teaching Permits for Katrina Victims
23 IAC 25.105
Offers individuals from the geographic area drastically affected by Hurricane Katrina a temporary permit for substitute teaching in Illinois...

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HISigned into law 05/2005P-12
S.B. 1250
Requires the compensation plan for substitute teachers' pay to be commensurate with their educational training and academic qualifications. ...

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DERule Adoption 12/2004P-12Procedures Manual - Licensing
8 DEC, 911 Procedures Manual, Appendixes A and B
Amends the State Board of Education Procedures Manual by including licensing of substitute teachers and National Board teachers and removing...

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NMRule Adoption 08/2004P-12Substitute Teachers
NMAC 6.63.10.1, .06 thru .8, .12, .14
Relates requirements for substitute teachers and continuing certification....

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NDRule Adoption 07/2004P-12Interim Licenses
NDAC 67.1-02-04-01, -02 thru -08
Establishes rules regarding interim licenses for teacher shortages. Addresses interim licenses for substitute teachers, provisional licenses...

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MSSigned into law 05/2004P-12School District Substitute Teacher Contractors
S.B. 2498
Provides that private firms under contact with school districts to provide substitute teachers during the temporary absence of the regularly...

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UTRule Adoption 09/2003P-12Employment of Substitute Teachers
R277-508
Amends rules to provide for student teachers and paraprofessionals to be used as substitute teachers. Provides language to protect the integ...

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MISigned into law 08/2003P-12Obtaining Teacher Certification Credits through Substitute Teaching
H.B. 4391 (multiple provisions)
The department shall authorize teacher preparation institutions to provide an alternative program by which up to 1/2 of the required student...

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MESigned into law 05/2003P-12Substitute Teacher Fingerprinting
H.P. 749 (LD 1032)
Beginning with the 2003-2004 school year, requires a person employed as a substitute teacher and a person who is a regular school employee a...

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NMPocket Veto by GOVERNOR. 04/2003P-12Schools
S.B. 777
Relates to public schools; enacts a new section of the public school code to provide for substitute teachers' salaries....

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KYSigned into law 03/2003P-12Eligibility for Emergency Substitute Teaching Certificate
H.B. 252
Creates new section allowing any individual who has a bachelor's degree in any subject area from a regionally or nationally accredited posts...

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MISigned into law 12/2002P-12Substitute Teacher Contracts
S.B. 213
Allows school districts to contract with a person or entity for employment of qualified substitute teachers. http://www.michiganlegislature....

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MTRule Adoption 11/2002P-12
ARM New Rule I thru III, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX, XXXI; 10.55.602 thru .710 (non-seq); 10.57.101 thru .801 (non-seq.); Repeal 10.57.103 thru .406 (non-seq); New Rule I/Criminal History Background Check
Establishes rules regarding criminal history background check, substitute teachers, teacher license classification, definition of 'immoral c...

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TNSigned into law 05/2002P-12Substitute Teacher Qualifications
S.B. 2632
Requires districts to adopt policies on the employment of substitute teachers. Such policies shall, at a minimum, address qualifications and...

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CAVetoed 10/2001P-12Training Substitute Teachers
A.B. 1431
Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to award a minimum of 3 grants for the purpose of establishing a new substitute teacher tr...

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RIBecame law without GOVERNOR'S signature 07/2001P-12Teacher Assistant Substitutes
S.B. 662
Requires teacher assistant substitutes who work more than 20 days during any school year to meet the requirements of permanent teacher assis...

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ILVetoed 06/2001P-12Substitute Teacher Rules
H.B. 2425
Amends the School Code; provides that, for the 2001-2002, 2002-2003, and 2003-2004 school years, a teacher holding an early childhood, eleme...

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AZSigned into law 04/2001P-12Rules for Emergency Substitutes
S.B. 1343
THE RULES SHALL ALLOW A GENERAL EQUIVALENCY DIPLOMA TO BE SUBSTITUTED FOR A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA IN THE CERTIFICATION OF EMERGENCY SUBSTITUTE...

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OKSigned into law 07/2000P-12Substitute Teachers
H.B. 2000
Authorizes a substitute teacher who holds a lapsed or expired certificate or has a bachelors degree to teach up to 100 days during a school ...

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RIBecame law without GOVERNOR'S signature 07/2000P-12Substitute Teachers
H.B. 7246, S.B. 2590
Extends the period of time that a retired teacher may act as a substitute teacher to 90 days in a school year....

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NMSigned into law 03/2000P-12Substitute Teachers
H.B. 409
Relates to substitute teacher certification requirements....

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SDSigned into law 03/2000P-12Long-Term Substitutes
S.B. 172
Defines long-term substitute teachers; requires certain reporting on the use of long-term substitute teachers....

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+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child