ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2013

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
- Class Size
LASigned into law 06/2012P-12Pupil-Teacher Ratio Waivers
S.B. 461
Repeals existing provisions requring the state board to adopt rules related to the issuance of waivers from pupil-teacher ratios over 20 stu...

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TNSigned into law 05/2012P-12Online Courses, Virtual Schools
H.B. 3062
Requires virtual schools to maintain teacher-pupil ratios set by the state board of education and to provide the same length of time for lea...

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FLSigned into law 04/2012P-12Delay of Class Size Penalty
H.B. 5101 - Delay of Class Size Penalty
From bill analysis: Delays the increased class size penalty (from 50% to the full amount of the base student allocation) until 2014-2015, in...

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NYSigned into law 03/2012P-12Class Sizes for Students with Disabilities in Middle and High Schools
A.B. 9057 - Class Sizes for Students with Disabilities in Middle and High Schools
Part A, Section 12: Extends through 2012-13 school year provision authorizing the board of education of a city school district with a popula...

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WYSigned into law 03/2012P-12Class Size, Grade Configuration
S.F. 90
Directs school districts to maintain an average class size of 16 for K-3 classrooms. Requires districts to report to the state superintenden...

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NCVeto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 06/2011P-12Class Size Reduction for Grades 1-3
H.B. 200 - Class Size Reduction for Grades 1-3
Declares findings of the general assembly regarding benefits of small class sizes in grades 1-3, and disadvantages of larger class sizes. Es...

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FLSigned into law 05/2011P-12Charter School Enrollment/School District Class Size
S.B. 2120 - Sec. 8, 11, 12, 14, 15
Sec. 8 - Adjusts the charter school enrollment process such that students living in a development that provides the facility and related pro...

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GASigned into law 05/2011P-12Class Size
H.B. 192 - Class Size
Extends for 2013-14 and 2014-15 school years certain temporary provisions that permit the average class size for certain programs to be equi...

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CASigned into law 03/2011P-12Class Size Reduction Funds
S.B. 70 - Sec. 58
From bill summary: Existing law appropriates funding for class size reduction grades K-3, to be expended consistent with specified requireme...

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FLRejected by voters 11/2010P-12Class Size Requirements
Constitutional Amendment 8; SJR 2
Proposed amendment to the constitution to revise class size requirements for public schools as follows: (1) For grades Pre-kindergarten thro...

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FLSigned into law 06/2010P-12Class Size Requirements
H.B. 5101
Section 11 - Requires each local school board, before adoption of the district school budget for 2010-2011, to hold public hearings and prov...

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FLSigned into law 05/2010P-12Revises Maximum Class Size Requirements
SJR 2
Proposes a constitutional amendment to go before voters in November 2010; revises the maximum class size requirements; beginning with the 20...

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GASigned into law 05/2010P-12Waivers to Reduce School Expenditures
H.B. 908
From bill summary: Temporarily waives certain expenditure controls relating to funds earned for direct instructional costs, media center cos...

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WISigned into law 05/2010P-12Class Size Reduction
A.B. 808
Previous law allowed an eligible school board that has entered into a five-year renewable student achievement guarantee (SAGE) contract with...

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UTSigned into law 03/2010P-12State Reporting of Class Size and Charter School Funding
S.B. 56
Modifies the state superintendent's annual report of the public school system by: (1) requiring reporting of data on average class sizes cal...

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NVSigned into law 02/2010P-12Class Size
A.B. 4B
Revises provisions governing class-size reduction to allow school districts flexibility in addressing budget shortfalls; allows a school dis...

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OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Waiver of Pupil/Teacher Ratio in Grades K-4
H.B. 1 - Section 265.50.20
Authorizes the state superintendent, in the 2009 or 2010 academic year (or both) to waive the teacher/pupil ratio for grades K-4 as required...

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NYSigned into law 04/2009P-12Contracts for Excellence
A.B. 157 - Part A, Sections 1-5
Provides that a district that submitted a contract for excellence for the 2008-09 school year must submit a contract for excellence for the ...

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CASigned into law 09/2008P-12Class Size
S.B. 1112
Extends the sunset date for the mitigation provisions in the Class Size Reduction Program, in which participating school districts are provi...

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DESigned into law 06/2008P-12Compliance with Class-Size Ratios
H.B. 393
Codifies the recommendation of the Class Size and Unit Allocation Task Force that the Department of Education annually collect and report da...

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NYAdopted 06/2008P-12Contracts for Excellence
Title 8 NYCRR Sections 100.13 and 170.12
Establishes allowable programs and activities, criteria for public reporting by school districts of their total foundation aid expenditures,...

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NYAdopted 01/2008P-12Contracts for Excellence
Title 8 NYCRR Sections 100.13 and 170.12
The board of regents has readopted, by emergency action effective January 22, 2008, the emergency rule adopted at the September 10, 2007 Reg...

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NYEmergency Rule Extension 11/2007P-12Contracts for Excellence
Title 8 NYCRR Sections 100.13 and 170.12
Readopts, by emergency action effective November 25, 2007, the emergency rule adopted at the September 10, 2007 Regents meeting that added a...

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GAAdopted 08/2007P-12Class Size in Grades 9-12
GAC 160-5-1-.08, -.10
Establishes class size maximums for core courses in grades 9-12. http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/_documents/doe/legalservices/160-5-1-.08.pdf...

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NCSigned into law 07/2007P-12Reaching One's Potential for Excellence (ROPE) Scholars Pilot Program.
S.B. 1030
The purpose of the ROPE Scholars Pilot Program is to strengthen middle grades education in order to provide students with the opportunity to...

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NYAdopted 07/2007P-12Contracts for Excellence
Title 8 NYCRR Sections 100.13 and 170.12
Establishes allowable programs and activities, criteria for public reporting by school districts of their total foundation aid expenditures,...

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WVAdopted 07/2007P-12Quality Early Education System
Policy 2525
The most recent updates to Policy 2525: West Virginia's Universal Access to a Quality Early Education System support quality in the classroo...

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GASigned into law 05/2007P-12Multiples and Maximum Class Sizes
S.B. 123
Requires twins or other multiples to be placed in the same classroom if the parent requests. Also allows districts to establish maximum clas...

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UTSigned into law 03/2007P-12School Reporting Amendments
H.B. 215
Specifies how average class size shall be calculated for the purpose of reporting class size by grade and subject on annual school performan...

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ILAdopted 09/2006P-12Class Size Reduction Grants
23 IAC 565.10, .20, .30, .40, .50, .60, .110, .120, .130, .140, .150,.160
Establishes rules regarding the K-3 class size reduction grant program, and a class size reduction pilot project. Specifies that eligible di...

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GAAdopted 07/2006P-12Remediation, Charter Schools, Class Size, Student Attendance
GAC 160-4-5-.01; -4-9-.04; -5-1-.08, -.10
Clarifies rules regarding the following:

Remedial education for students in grades 6-12: http://rules.sos.state.ga.us/docs/160/4/5/01.pdf...

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IASigned into law 06/2006P-12Class Size and Other Block Grant Funds
S.B. 2272 - Section 6
Extends repeal date of Iowa Early Intervention and School Improvement Technology Block Grant Programs to July 2007. (Includes funds for K-3 ...

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ILSigned into law 06/2006P-12Class Size Reduction Pilot Program
S.B. 2882
Creates a pilot class size reduction grant program, in addition to the existing class size reduction grant program, to be implemented and ad...

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GASigned into law 04/2006P-12Class Size
H.B. 1358
Changes certain provisions relating to maximum class size requirements. For the 2006-2007 school year, increases maximum class sizes in grad...

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TNSigned into law 04/2006P-12Class Size Waiver During Natural Disasters
S.B. 2898
Relates to maximum classroom sizes; In the event of a natural disaster which results in the enrollment of displaced students, the commission...

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WIVetoed 04/2006P-12Class Size Reduction Funding
S.B. 68
Under current law, a school district may enter into a five-year, renewable student achievement guarantee (SAGE) contract with the Department...

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LASigned into law 11/2005P-12Class Size Ratio Exemption
H.B. 19A
Exempts LA 4 (prekindergarten) classes from class size ratio for the 2005-2006 school year if the district or charter school enrolled any st...

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GAAdopted 10/2005P-12Maximum Individual Class Size
GAC 160-5-1-.08
Changes the maximum individual class size for science grades 9-12 for school years 2007-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07 from 28 to 30. Amends the fu...

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ILSigned into law 08/2005P-12Control of Class Size Reduction Funding
H.B. 2589
Under the K-3 class size reduction grant program, provides that if a school board determines that a school is using funds awarded under the...

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FLVetoed 06/2005P-12Class Size Reduction
S.B. 1678
States that, beginning in the 2005-2006 school year, if the actual student membership in the October survey exceeds the student membership e...

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NVSigned into law 06/2005P-12Class size
H.B. 526
Each school district that does not meet the ratio of pupils per class (15:1 in grades k-3) must request a variance from the State Board by p...

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NVSigned into law 06/2005P-12Class size reduction
S.B. 460
Authorizes certain school districts to develop plans for alternative pupil-teacher ratios. In lieu of complying with the pupil-teacher rati...

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NV(H) APPROVED BY THE GOVERNOR. CHAPTER 433. 06/2005P-12Class size reducation appropriation
H.B. 575
Makes appropriations to the State Distributive School Account for purposes relating to class-size reduction. The state appropriates from th...

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WIEmergency Rule Adoption 02/2005P-12Student Achievement Guaranteed in Education Program (SAGE)
PI 24
Amends class size reduction funding under the Student Achievement Guaranteed in Education Program (SAGE). WISCONSIN REG 20485 (SN) http://ww...

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INSigned into law 01/2005P-12Funding Formula for K-3 Class Size Reduction
H.B. 1001 (Section 181 and 233)
Revises the funding formula for the K-3 class size reduction program. Effective retroactive to January 1, 2005. Makes other adjustments.

ht...

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CASigned into law 09/2004P-12Education: Class Size
S.B. 311
Requires the Controller to deduct from the next principal apportionment of a school district a specified amount based on the annual pupil en...

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GAAdopted 08/2004P-12Class Size; Absences and Excuses
GAC 160-5-1-.08; -.10
Clarifies rules regarding class size, absences and excuses. Renames chapter on absences as Student Attendance. Provides definition of truant...

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GAAdopted 07/2004P-12Class Size
GAC 160-5-1-.08
Class size is amended to comply with changes in law that were adopted by the Georgia General Assembly during the 2004 session regarding the ...

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HISigned into law 07/2004P-12Education Reform
H.B. 2002
The education reform in this Act shall be known as the "Reinventing Education Act of 2004." The provisions include (1) establishing a weight...

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ILSigned into law 07/2004P-12K-3 Class Size Reduction Grant Program
S.B. 2135
Creates a K-3 class size reduction grant program. Provides that only schools that are on the early academic warning list or academic watch l...

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HIVeto override 05/2004P-12Reinventing Education Act of 2004
S.B. 3238
Establishes a weighted student formula; provides additional information technology; empowers principals through a Hawaii principals academy ...

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VASigned into law 04/2004P-12Substantial Amendments to the Standards of Learning
H.B. 1014
Amends section 22.1-253.13:1 and 22.1-253.13:2 . Specifies that the Standards of Learning form the core of Virginia's educational program a...

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GAAdopted 11/2003P-12Public School Capital Outlay
GAC 160-5-4-.04
Clarifies rules regarding special appropriation for public school capital outlay. Adds the additional funds authorized by the General Assemb...

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ILAmendatory veto by Governor - Bill dead 11/2003P-12Class Size Reduction Grant
S.B. 902
Amends the School Code. Creates a K-3 class size reduction grant program to be implemented and administered by the state board of education....

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CAVetoed 10/2003P-12Class Size
S.B. 556
Requires, through the 2005-06 school year, any school district establishing a class size reduction program to select the grade level or leve...

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GAAdopted 07/2003P-12Class Size
GAC 160-5-1-.08
Clarifies rules regarding class size. Specifies definitions and requirements. http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/_documents/doe/legalservices/160-5-1-...

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FLSigned into law 06/2003P-12Quality Education
S.B. 30
Establishes maximum class sizes; creates the Classrooms for Kids Program; establishes the District Effort Recognition Program; establishes t...

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GASigned into law 05/2003P-12Assessment, Maximum Class size, Instruction, Revenue
S.B. 249
Revises provisions relating to payment of fees for advanced placement tests; revises provision relating to the release of certain test quest...

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IASigned into law 05/2003P-12Early Intervention Block Grant Program Repeal Date
H.B. 549 (omnibus bill)
Changes repeal date from 2003 to 2004 on chapter establishing statewide early intervention block grant program. Components of this program i...

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FLApproved by voters 11/2002P-12Florida's Amendment to Reduce Class Size
Constitutional Amendment 9
Proposes an amendment to the State Constitution (Article IX, Section I) to require that the Legislature provide funding for sufficient class...

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CAVetoed 09/2001P-12Small Class Size Program
A.B. 231
Authorizes, on a pilot program basis, the Torrance and Poway Unified School Districts to implement an alternative class size reduction progr...

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TXSigned into law 06/2001P-12Class Size Limits
H.B. 3313
A campus or district that is granted an exception from class size limits shall provide written notice of the exception to the parent of or p...

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CASigned into law 09/2000P-12Modifications to Class Reduction Program
A.B. 1608
Allows a school district that maintains only one school that serves pupils in kindergarten and grades 1 to 3, inclusive with an annual avera...

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CASigned into law 09/2000P-12Revisions In the Small Class Size Program
S.B. 871
This establishes 2 options under which a school district may apply to the Superintendent of Public Instruction for funds from the program. U...

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WAApproved by voters 06/2000P-12Ballot Initiative - Student Achievement Fund
Initiative 728
INITIATIVE 728: Shall school districts reduce class sizes, extend learning programs, expand teacher training, and construct facilities, fund...

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AZSigned into law 03/2000P-12Pupil/Teacher Ratios
S.B. 1167
Requires schools to include information relating to classroom pupil to teacher ratios on the school report card for kindergarten through gra...

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GASigned into law 03/2000P-12Omnibus Bill - Class Size Component
H.B. 1187
The new class sizes are funded as follows: Kindergarten – 1:15; Kindergarten Early Intervention Program – 1:11; Grades 1-3 – 1:17; Grades 1-...

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CAVetoed 10/1999P-12Class Size
A.B. 133
Allows a school district with an average of no more than 60 pupils per participating grade level and an annual average class size of not mor...

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NVSigned into law 06/1999P-12Appropriates Funds for Class-Size Reduction
A.B. 700
Renames the fund for class-size reduction as the fund for school improvement; makes appropriations to the state distributive school account ...

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IASigned into law 04/1999P-12Establishes Early Intervention Block Grant Program
H.B. 743
Establishes an Iowa early intervention block grant program; provides goal of class reduction; provides direction and resources for success, ...

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NVSigned into law 04/1999P-12Supplemental Appropriation for Class-Size Reduction
S.B. 278
Makes supplemental appropriation to fund for class-size reduction for additional anticipated expenses....

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VASigned into law 03/1999P-12Reduces Class Size
H.B. 1673
Lowers the division wide maximum ratios of students in average daily membership to full-time equivalent teaching positions excluding special...

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CAVetoed 11/1998P-12Class Size Reduction Programs for Small Districts
A.B. 2224
Provides flexibility for very small districts which lack budgetary or programmatic flexibility to participate in class size reduction progra...

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CASigned into law 11/1998P-12
S.B. 12 Class Size Reduction and Educational Technology K-University Public Education Facilities Bond Act ($4 Billion)
Enacts a Class Size Reduction and Educational Technology K-University Public Education Facilities Bond Act which, upon approval by the state...

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DESigned into law 07/1998P-12Reduces Class Size and Revises Regulations for Special Education Classifications
H.B. 758
Reduces class sizes in core academic subjects; increases teaching fund to local school districts; requires the Department of Education to su...

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VADied 06/1998P-12
H.B. 434 & S.B. 167 Class Size Reduction Program
Expands 4 year old at risk preschool programs to cover all eligible students in all schools; revises the Statewide voluntary pupil-teacher r...

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MDSigned into law 05/1998P-12
H.J.R. 15
Requests the Governor to appoint a special committee to study the class size reduction programs in the State and in other states, to review ...

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MNDied 05/1998P-12
S.B. 3157 Class Size Reduction
Relates to educataion; enhances funding for class size reduction; provides full equalization of school district debt service levies; appropr...

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MSDied 05/1998P-12
H.B. 9 Pupil-Teacher Ratio
Establishes a maximum pupil-teacher ratio of 12:1 for kindergarten and grades 1,2 and 3 in school districts failing to meet lever 3 accredit...

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WADied 05/1998P-12
S.B. 6688 Class Size in Elementary Schools
Relates to reducing class size in elementary schools....

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ALSigned into law 04/1998P-12
State Board of Education Resolution
Class size caps for grades K-6 could be waived with a written and valid justification by the local superintendent and a remedy to correct th...

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VASigned into law 04/1998P-12Teacher/Pupil Ratios
H.B. 211 Pupil/Teacher Ratios
Requires school boards to report, annually, on or before January 1, to the public the pupil/teacher ratios in the current school year by sch...

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UTSigned into law 03/1998P-12
H.B. 182 Class Size
Relates to education; makes an appropriation for class size reduction in grades 7 and 8 in the public schools; requires schools to use innov...

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OH10/1997P-12
S.B. 176
Earmarks specified percentages of personal income and sales and use taxes for education expenditures; creates the Ohio education fund to sup...

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CASigned into law 08/1997P-12
A.B. 64 1998 Class Size Reduction Bond Act and the 2000 Class Size Reduction Bond Act
Enacts the 1998 Class Size Reduction Bond Act and the 2000 Class Size Reduction Bond Act, each of which, upon approval of the voters, would ...

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CASigned into law 08/1997P-12
A.B. 354 Class Size Reduction Program Evaluation
Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to develop and submit to the Governor and the Legislature an evaluation research design re...

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CASigned into law 07/1997P-12
S.B. 66 Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program ($140 Million)
Reallocates any unused class size reduction program funds (estimated to be $140 million) to the Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Prog...

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NVSigned into law 07/1997P-12
S.B. 482 Nevada Education Reform Act of 1997
Part of the Nevada Education Reform Act of 1997--LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION: Eight members: 4 Senators and 4 Assembly Members. Revie...

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NVPassed 06/1997P-12
A.B. 659
Makes appropriations to the trust fund for class-size reduction for distribution to the county school districts; specifies that must be used...

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SDSigned into law 06/1997P-12
13-14-8.1 Youth-At-Risk Funds
Youth-at-risk funds for class size reduction projects. Grants under 13-14-8 may be awarded to school districts for projects that will work t...

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CADied 05/1997P-12
S.B. 15 1997 Class Size Reduction and Educational Technology Bond Act
Enacts a $3 billion 1997 Class Size Reduction and Educational Technology Bond Act....

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FLDied 05/1997P-12
S.B. 38 Class Size Act
Creates the Maximum Class Size Act: Provides for certain class sizes in certain grades; provides for funding and review of statutory mandate...

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MODied 05/1997P-12
H.B. 627 Class Size Incentive Program
Creates a formula for education appropriations and establishes an incentive program for lowering class size in primary grades. General reven...

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MSDied 02/1997P-12
S.B. 2081 & S.B. 2082 One Teacher Unit Per 20 Pupils in Grades 1-4 for Minimum Education Program Funding
Makes an Appropriation to the Department of Education for funding additional teacher units in grades 1-4 on a 1:20 ratio basis for fiscal ye...

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CASigned into law 09/1996P-12
S.B. 1414 Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program
Provides that funds allocated pursuant to the Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program be expended solely for the purpose of school f...

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CASigned into law 07/1996P-12
S.B. 1789 Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program
Establishes the Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program for the purpose of assisting school districts with the facilities-related co...

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CASigned into law 07/1996P-12
S.B. 1777 Class Size Reduction Program
...

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CASigned into law 07/1996P-12
S.B. 1777 Creates the Class Size Reduction Program to Provide Funding to School Districts
Creates the Class Size Reduction Program to provide funding to school districts to reduce class size in kindergarten and grades 1 to 3, incl...

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CASigned into law 07/1996P-12
Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program
Establishes the Class Size Reduction Facilities Funding Program for the Purpose of assisting school districts with the facilities-related co...

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MSSigned into law 03/1996P-12
H.B. 1148 Pupil Teacher Ratios
Prescribes maximum number of students for teachers....

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ALDied 02/1996P-12
H.B. 6 Class Size
Establishes maximum enrollment sizes for grades K-3 at 18 students beginning school year 1994; 4-6 at 26 students beginning school year 2002...

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AZDied 02/1996P-12
H.B. 2506 Classroom Size Per Teacher
Requires that by the 2000-01 school year, the State Board of Education is to supply local school districts with money sufficient to guarante...

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NVSigned into law 08/1995P-12
S.B. 576 Chapter 592 Class Size Reduction Bill
It appropriates a total of $43.4 million in the first year of the biennium, and $55.7 million in the second year to cover salary and fringe ...

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VASigned into law 05/1995P-12
Virginia Omnibus Education Act of 1995
The bill establishes a long term goal to reduce the pupil teacher ratio to 20 to 1 in grades K-3 in schools where 25 to 49% of the students ...

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UTSigned into law 06/1994P-12
H.B. 73 Class Size Reduction Amendments
(Effective: 07/01/94) Provides each local school district with greater flexibility in utilizing class size reduction monies in kindergarten ...

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+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child