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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Common Core/National Tests Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Counseling/Guidance Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education ME Became law without governor's signature 06/2013 P-12 Course Options for Meeting Arts Graduation Requirements H.R. 138 Requires the Department of Education to amend its rules to provide that high school graduation requirements in the area of visual and performing arts may be met by completion of a credit in dance, music, theater, forensics or visual arts. The department is to ... More... AR Signed into law 04/2013 P-12 Arts Education H.B. 1689 Creates a 5-year, 15-school arts curriculum program pilot. Creates grant eligibility and accountability reporting schedule. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2013/2013R/Bills/HB1689.pdf... More... CA Signed into law 06/2012 P-12 Appropriations and Reappropriations S.B. 1016 - Appropriations and Reappropriations From section 56 of bill summary: Reduces by various amounts appropriations made for supplemental school counseling, special education, partnership academies, instructional support to help pupils pass the high school exit examination, English language tutoring ... More... NC Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Establishes the Arts Education Commission H.B. 758 Establishes The Arts Education Commission in the General Assembly to: (1) Review, prioritize, and recommend implementation strategies for the recommendations of the Comprehensive Arts Education Plan for K-12; (2) Recommend the content and process to establish ... More... UT To governor 03/2011 P-12 Beverley Taylor Sorenson Elementary Arts Learning Program S.B. 217 Effective with the 2011-12 school year, permits a district or charter school to receive a grant through the Beverley Taylor Sorenson Elementary Arts Learning Program if the district or charter school provides matching funds for 10% of the grant amount. Directs... More... NC Signed into law 07/2010 P-12 Comprehensive Arts Education Development Plan S.B. 66 Directs the state board of education to appoint a task force of members from the Department of Public Instruction and the Department of Cultural Resources to create a Comprehensive Arts Education Development plan for the public schools. The task force must spe... More... CO Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Postsec. Community College Visual and Peforming Arts Standards H.B. 1273 Amends several provisions of the Preschool to Postsecondary Education Alignment Act to specifically incorporate visual arts and performing arts education into the standards, assessments, and postsecondary and workforce readiness program that the state board of... More... WI Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Incentives for Community Theaters to Serve Arts Programs A.B. 375 Relates to a property tax exemption for certain nonprofit community theaters that have a specified seating capacity and include facilities used for arts education. http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2009/data/AB-375.pdf... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Revised K-12 Curriculum Requirements H.B. 3 - Section 25 Requires the state board to adopt rules requiring students in grades 6-8 to complete at least one fine arts course. Each time the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board revises the Internet database of the coordinating board's official statewide inventory ... More... OK Signed into law 05/2009 P-12 Oklahoma School for the Visual and Performing Arts H.B. 1737 Creates the Oklahoma School for the Visual and Performing Arts; provides for a board of trustees; provides for appointment of board; defines terms; states terms, powers and duties of board; provides for filling of vacancies; provides for travel reimbursement; ... More... SC Signed into law 04/2009 P-12 School District Staffing Flexibility H.B. 3352 Allows local school districts and special schools to transfer funds among appropriated revenues in order to ensure the delivery of academic and arts instruction; allows school districts suspend certain professional staffing ratios; negotiates salaries for reti... More... KY Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 State Assessment System S.B. 1 Section 2(3), 6, 9 and 11 Repeals language referring to the Commonwealth Accountability Testing System (CATS). Directs the state board, using the revised content standards to be approved by December 15, 2010, to implement an annual statewide assessment system for implementation in the ... More... OK Signed into law 06/2008 P-12 Oklahoma Arts Council Grants H.B. 2699 Bill expands eligibility for Oklahoma Arts Council incentive grants to organizations, as well as school districts, for establishment of visual arts programs in schools. The bill also expands the sources of funds with which the council may match state appropria... More... AZ Vetoed 05/2008 P-12 Curriculum H.B. 2557 Provides that a school district shall not eliminate or reduce instruction in physical education, the arts, music, career and technical education, or vocational education unless the reduction or elimination is necessary for budgetary reasons, unless the governi... More... GA Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Georgia Arts Alliance H.B. 291 Creates the Georgia Arts Alliance to receive and distribute funds for the support of the arts, including the Georgia Council for the Arts, and for teaching and physical infrastructure needed to provide arts and arts in education, for the improvement of educati... More... TN Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Art Supplies H.B. 3322 Requires that art supplies purchased by any school or school district for use by students in K-6 must be certified non-toxic by the Arts and Creative Materials Institute and must bear the Approved Product (AP) or Certified Product (CP) seal certifying that the... More... TN Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Art and Music S.B. 2920 Requires each Local Education Agency to include art and music education in all K-12 public schools (to help each student foster creative thinking, spatial learning, discipline, craftsmanship and the intrinsic rewards of hard work.) Directs the state board of e... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Elementary Arts Learning Program S.B. 2 - Section 25 Establishes the Beverley Taylor Sorenson Elementary Arts Learning Program to enhance the social, emotional, academic and arts learning of students in grades K-6 by integrating arts teaching and learning into core subject areas. Directs the state board of educ... More... NM Signed into law 02/2008 P-12 State Charter School for the Arts S.B. 34 Relates to public schools; enacts the New Mexico school for the arts act; allows for the creation of a state-chartered charter school as a statewide residential high school for the arts; exempts the school from certain provisions of the charter schools act; al... More... TN Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 No Tax on School Art Supplies During Annual Sales Tax Holiday S.B. 616 Includes school art supplies with a sales price of $100 or less per item as items exempt from sales tax during the annual sales tax holiday. The "sales tax holiday" exempts from tax imposed the following items of tangible personal property, if sold between 12:... More... LA Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Visual and Performing Arts S.B. 299 Requires the state board of elementary and secondary education to develop, adopt, and provide for the implementation of a visual arts curriculum and a performing arts curriculum in public schools. Directs the board, during the 2007-2008 school year, to develop... More... NV Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Support of VSA arts of Nevada A.B. 76 Provides for a portion of the money in the Account for License Plates for the Support of the Education of Children in the Arts to be distributed to VSA arts of Nevada http://www.leg.state.nv.us/74th/Bills/AB/AB76_EN.pdf... More... ME Signed into law 03/2007 Postsec. Doctoral Degree in Visual Arts H.B. 361 Authorizes the Institute for Doctoral Studies in the Visual Arts to confer the degree of Doctor of Visual Arts upon students in accordance with the Maine Revised Statutes, Title 20-A, section 10704. On December 13, 2006 the State Board of Education voted unani... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Ohio Core Graduation Requirements S.B. 311-- Sec. 3313.603(A), (B), (C) Part 1, (K) adn (L) Increases high school graduation requirements for students entering grade 9 during the 2010-2011 school year (Class of 2014). Increases math units from 3 to 4; requires one unit of Algebra II or its equivalent. Existing 3-unit requirement in science calls for ... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Arts and Foreign Language Education Grant Program S.B. 176 Creates an arts and foreign language education grant program to fund arts education and foreign language education programs in the public schools. Provides that emphasis of grant program must be on ensuring that art and foreign language courses are available a... More... OK Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 NCLB and End-of-Instruction Assessments S.B. 1792 - Section 4 Clarifies that testing for grades 3, 4, 6 and 7 is contingent on the availability of federal and state funds. Eliminates grade 3 stand-alone language arts test. Clarifies that grade 5 social studies assessment must include U.S. history, the Constitution and ... More... AL Signed into law 04/2006 P-12 Alabama School of Fine Arts H.B. 306 Authorizes the administration and faculty of the Alabama School of Fine Arts to identify talented and gifted students whose career interests lie in the arts, and with appropriate counseling, enter into a contract with the student and his or her parents or guar... More... NV Adopted 02/2006 P-12 Dance as a Major/Minor NAC 391.131 Establishes rules adding dance to the list of single- subject majorsand minors... More... TX Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Charter School Admissions H.B. 1111 Allows the governing body of an open-enrollment charter school that specializes in one or more performing arts to require an applicant to audition for admission to the school. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=79&SESS=R&CHAMBER=H&BIL... More... CO Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Dropout Prevention Activity Grant Program H.B. 1024 Creates the dropout prevention activity grant program to fund before- and after-school arts-based and vocational activity programs for students in grades 6-12, with the goal of reducing the student dropout rate. Defines as schools eligible to participate publi... More... SC Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Arts Awareness License Plates S.B. 418 Adds a new Section 56-3-5400. Allows the department to issue Arts Awareness special license plates to establish a special fund to be used by the South Carolina Arts Commission for the purpose of funding activities that support a thriving arts environment in So... More... SC Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Provisions Affecting Governor's School for the Arts and Humanities S.B. 362 Amends Chapter 50, Title 59, relating to the South Carolina Governor's School for the Arts and Humanities. Sets standards for the faculty (hold advanced degrees in recognized arts fields including, but not limited to, dance, music, theater or drama, visual art... More... WI Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Property Tax Exemption for Arts/Arts Education Centers S.B. 3 An Act to create 70.11 (43) of the statutes; creates a property tax exemption for arts and arts education centers. http://www.legis.state.wi.us/2005/data/acts/05Act4.pdf... More... KS Became law without governor's signature 04/2005 P-12 H.B. 2247 (section 6) Requires every accredited school to teach the subjects and areas of instruction adopted by the state board of education as of January 1, 2005. Requires every accredited high school to also teach the subjects and areas of instruction necessary to meet the gradu... More... AR Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Define Instructional Materials H.B. 2099 Expands list of "instructional materials" that may be exempt from sales tax when purchased by schools, to include sheet music, electronic software, maps, globes, art supplies, workbooks, flash cards, educational blocks, educational models, manipulatives, chart... More... AR Signed into law 02/2005 P-12 Visual Art or Music in the Classroom H.B. 1034 Strikes language requiring districts to increase instruction in grades one through six to one hour each in music and art by June 1, 2005. Continues the requirement for forty minutes of visual art and music every week for students in grades one through six. Add... More... CA Signed into law 09/2004 P-12 Special Interest License Plates S.B. 1213 Increases the amount of the fees imposed for issuance and renewal of specified special interest license plates approved by the DMV in consultation with the California Arts Council. Requires the council to use the revenue exclusively for arts education and loca... More... LA Signed into law 06/2004 P-12 Fees for Louisiana School of Math, Science, and the Arts H.B. 431 Increases certain fees imposed by the board of directors of the state school of math, science, and the arts. Increases maximum possible security deposit from $100 to $150; increases maximum possible room and board fee for summer session from $300 to $400 per ... More... VA Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Art, Music and Physical Education at the Elementary Level H.B. 1014 Requires local boards to incorporate art, music, and physical education as a part of the instructional program at the elementary school level, and to employ five elementary resource positions per 1,000 students in kindergarten through grade five for art, music... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 Arts Education A.B. 1512 Establishes the Arts Work Visual and Performing Arts Education Program to be administered by the department of education for awarding grants to local educational agencies to develop their capacity to implement high- quality, instructional programs based on the... More... MN Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Profile of Learning, High School Graduation Requirements, NCLB-Compliant Testing System, State Standards H.F. 302 (multiple provisions) Effective the 2003-04 school year and later, bars the state education commissioner from implementing the profile of learning portion of the state's results-oriented graduation rule, or classroom assessments that schools must use. Replaces references to "result... More... NM Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Fine Arts Education Act H.B. 12 Enacts the Fine Arts Education Act; provides funding for fine arts in public schools through the funding formula; defines the number of program units for teachers certified by the national board.... More... KY Signed into law 03/2003 P-12 Integration of Arts and Foreign Languages into Elementary School Curriculum S.B. 154 Requires the department to create a program to promote the integration of the arts and foreign languages into the elementary school program. Schools are to submit applications, with the department granting funds to at least one school per region, giving prefer... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Digital Arts Studio Partnership Demonstration Program S.B. 1937 Enacts the Digital Arts Studio Partnership Demonstration Program Act. Requires the Arts Council to administer the Digital Arts Studio Partnership Demonstration Program, by designating 3 voluntary pilot digital arts studio partnerships in the State, for the pur... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Changes in Art Education A.B. 2807 Makes nonsubstantive changes to the existing law that establishes the Local Arts Education Partnership Program, a program that develops a locally based approach to art education improvement by using existing community art resources in a planned and coordinated... More... MA Signed into law 12/2001 P-12 Funding for technology training/infrastructure and a music education initiative H.B. 4797A Creates the Capital Needs Investment Trust Fund, which sets aside money for education technology; provides for statewide systems and competitive grants for districts that use technology to increase student achievement; funds the virtual education space, an onl... More... OR Signed into law 06/2001 P-12 Student Bill of Rights, Dual Enrollment S.B. 65 Eliminates the 2-year second language requirement for students who have completed grade 12; requires all students who have met the requirements for Certificate of Initial Mastery to demonstrate proficiency in second language; requires school districts to make ... More... HI Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 New Arts Positions H.B. 1391 , Appropriates funds for at least 28 fine arts positions within the Department of Education.... More... AR Signed into law 04/2001 P-12 Art/Music Education H.B. 1883 Requires public elementary schools to provide instruction in the subjects of visual art or music for all students.... More... NM Signed into law 04/2001 P-12 Marching Band Physical Education H.B. 554 Establishes marching band as a physical education requirement.... More... UT Signed into law 03/2001 P-12 Music, Art, Dance, Theater H.B. 174 Requires music, visual art, dance or theater instruction to take place in elementary schools.... More... NJ Signed into law 09/2000 P-12 Arts Education A.B. 2175 Revises the mission of the New Jersey School of Arts to provide assistance to secondary schools in meeting Visual and Performance Arts Standards; appropriates funds.... More... CA Signed into law 08/2000 P-12 Art in Schools S.B. 1390 Makes legislative findings and declarations concerning the value of visual and performing arts. Requires the State Board of Education to adopt content standards for visual and performing arts, pursuant to recommendations developed by the Superintendent of Publ... More... UT Signed into law 03/2000 P-12 Arts Education Pilot H.B. 325 Relates to public schools; creates an arts in elementary schools pilot program to determine if a sequential ongoing arts program in the state's elementary schools can improve the overall excellence and scholarship of students; provides components for a preasse... More... Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Computer Science Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Economic/Workforce Development--Value of an Education Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Teaching Across Disciplines Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Baccalaureate International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Mentoring/Tutoring Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 English Language Learners (ELL) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development P-3 Technology Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Remediation (K-12) Rural Scale-Up/Replication Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Social/Emotional Learning and Non-Cognitive Skills Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models