ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2012

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
- Curriculum--Environmental Education
ORSigned into law 06/2009P-12Establishes the Environmental Literacy Task Force; directs the task force to develop an Environmental Literacy Plan for students in the State. Chapter 772
http://www.leg.state.or.us/09reg/measpdf/hb2500.dir/hb2533.en.pdf
Title: H.B. 2544
Source: http://www.leg.state.or.us/

TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Abolishes the Texas Environmental Education Partnership Fund. http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf/HB02748F.pdf
Title: H.B. 2748
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

PASigned into law 07/2008P-12Amends the Environmental Education Act. Provides for the establishment of the Center for Environmental Education and the Center for Environmental Education Board. Relates to k-12 environmental curriculum standards, adult environmental education, and higher education. Creates the Environmental Education Fund.
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2007&sessInd=0&billBody=S&billTyp=B&billNbr=0356&pn=1098
Title: S.B. 356
Source: http://www.legis.state.pa.us

WASigned into law 04/2007P-12Declares an intent to establish an outdoor education and recreation program to provide a large number of underserved students with quality opportunities to directly experience the
natural world. It is the intent of the program to improve students' overall academic performance, self-esteem, personal responsibility, community involvement, personal health, and understanding of nature. Further, it is the intent of the program to empower local communities to engage students in outdoor education and recreation experiences.
http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2007-08/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1677-S2.PL.pdf
Title: H.B. 1677
Source: http://www.leg.wa.gov

WYSigned into law 02/2007P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Establishes the Wyoming Conservation Corps at the University of Wyoming to begin in the summer of 2007, and be patterned after similar conservation corps programs in Utah, Montana and Colorado where students have performed service on conservation projects in those states; allows program participants to be high school, community college or university students. http://legisweb.state.wy.us/2007/Enroll/SF0085.pdf
Title: S.B. 85
Source: http://legisweb.state.wy.us/2007/bills.htm

MISigned into law 05/2006P-12Establishes criteria for the designation of a school as a green school. Schools are eligible to receive a designation as green school if they meets 10 of the following criteria: (1) recycles paper; (2) reuses its magazines and newspapers for other projects, (3) has adopted an endangered species animal from one of several organizations and posted a picture of the
animal in a main traffic area, (4) the media center updates its print and nonprint ecological materials regularly(5) an energy savings program has been instituted at the school, (6) students participate in a planned program of energy savings, including dusting coils on cafeteria refrigerators, placing film on windows, setting hot water heaters 1 degree lower, seeing how plants and trees strategically placed can save energy for the school, and checking proper inflation on bus tires and other school vehicles once a month, (7) has hosted a visit by an ecological spokesperson, a representative of the sierra club, an endangered animals species show, or a similar presentation, (8) has a birdhouse habitat project, (9) has established a natural Michigan garden project with native plants, (10) has solar power presentations or experiments, such as a solar cookout, (11) classes do energy audits of their classrooms and make improvements, (12) has a printer cartridge recycling program through which the school earns money by selling the cartridges to companies, (13) recycles batteries and has designated a representative to return them to an appropriate recycling program, (14) recycles cellular telephones and receives money for the telephones from recycling companies, (15) observes earth day in some way in April, (16) art classes have a poster contest to support ecology concerns and a schoolwide display in conjunction with earth day activities, (17) has science class projects in which students do several home energy improvements, such as turn down hot water heaters, install home window insulation kits, clean coils on home refrigerators, and install draft guards for doors, (18) has an ecology club, (19) classes visit internet sites where clicking saves rainforest habitat and teachers document the students' efforts. (20) sets a goal of 5% less energy usage in the school and works with local power utilities to see progress toward the goal.
http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2005-2006/publicact/pdf/2006-PA-0146.pdf
Title: H.B. 5554
Source: http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2005-2006/publicact/pdf/2006-PA-0146.pdf

ARSigned into law 03/2005P-12Allows grant funds for fish and wildlife conservation education to be distributed to conservation districts in addition to school districts. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2005/public/SB394.pdf
Title: S.B. 394
Source: www.arkleg.state.ar.us

CAVetoed 09/2004P-12Eliminates the requirement imposed on school district governing boards to include certain environmental education materials as part of the adopted instructions materials. Provides that a contribution to the Environmental Education Account will satisfy the requirement for an entity receiving a permit from a regional water quality control board or the State Water Resources Control Board to provide elementary and secondary public schools with storm water pollution educational materials. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_1651-1700/ab_1696_bill_20040825_enrolled.html
Veto message: http://www.governor.ca.gov/govsite/pdf/vetoes/AB_1696_veto.pdf
Title: A.B. 1696
Source: California Legislative Web site

VASigned into law 04/2004P-12Green schools program; education programs to promote waste reduction and resource efficiency. Authorizes the state board to assist local school boards in the development and implementation of programs of instruction that comply with the provisions of Standard 1 of the Standards of Quality, specifically relating to citizenship and environmental issues and geography necessary for responsible participation in American society and the international community, by cooperating with the environmental groups, other relevant state agencies, such as, but not limited to, the Department of Environmental Quality and the Department of Health, and other stakeholders in the development of a green schools program for Virginia. Any such green schools program will focus on waste reduction through recycling and other mechanisms and educating students to help schools contain costs and to reduce waste production through resource efficiency. In the development and implementation of any such program, the Board must examine other states' green schools programs and must receive input from parents, teachers, school administrators, school boards, business and industry leaders, and local governments. The Board must also strive to identify businesses and other organizations that may provide support in the form of resources or funding for appropriate awards for any green schools program that may be implemented in the Commonwealth. This provision must not be construed to require the Board or any school board in the Commonwealth to implement a green school program or to imply or otherwise indicate that state or local funding is required to develop or implement any green school program. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?041+ful+CHAP0882
Title: S.B. 315
Source: http://leg1.state.va.us

CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Establishes the Outdoor Environmental Education Program to foster stewardship of the environment and an appreciation of the importance of the wise use of natural resources. Requires the Department of Education administer the program and, according to a priority system to be developed by the department, select applicants for participation in the program pursuant to specified criteria. Requires a contracted evaluator to evaluate the program. The program and its evaluation will be implemented only if the Department of Finance determines that private funds are available to cover the costs of the program and its evaluation. Bill makes provisions inoperative on July 1, 2005, and repeal them on January 1, 2006. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_1301-1350/ab_1330_bill_20031003_chaptered.html
Title: A.B. 1330
Source: California Legislative Web site

CASigned into law 10/2003P-12Establishes the Office of Education on the Environment. Requires the office to develop education principles for the environment for elementary and secondary school pupils, to develop a model curriculum and to submit the curriculum for approval. Requires the curriculum be available electronically. Relates to the adoption of instructional materials for environmental education. Establishes the Environmental Education Account. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1548_bill_20030910_enrolled.html http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1548_bill_20031003_chaptered.html
Title: A.B. 1548
Source: California Legislative Web site

IASigned into law 04/2002P-12Adds one nonvoting student member to state board, making total board membership 10, provides for application process and appointment of student member. Also requires school districts and nonpublic schools to report number of ninth graders who do not graduate from the school or school district, as well as the number of students who are tested on multiple assessment measures to determine student achievement levels, and the percentage of students who are so tested annually. Requires the board to develop and adopt uniform definitions consistent with the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and any federal regulations adopted pursuant to the federal Act. Permits department to conduct school site visits of accredited schools and districts on as-needed basis. Addresses conditions of employment of Superintendent staff. Addresses procedures in open enrollment law. Renders provision of school breakfast programs optional rather than mandatory. Modifies section addressing parental reimbursement for nonpublic school pupil transportation. Regulates the provision of textbooks to students in accredited nonpublic schools. Modifies requirements for school bus drivers' licenses. Establishes a conservation education program board and the duties of said board. http://www.legis.state.ia.us/GA/79GA/Legislation/HF/02500/HF02515/Current.html
Title: H.B. 2515
Source: www.legis.state.ia.us

CAVetoed 09/2000P-12Requires the State Department of Education, in consultation with the California Integrated Waste Management Board and the State Department of Conservation to establish a program to award grants and provide incentives to school districts and county offices of education to implement source reduction and recycling programs. Requires the board to establish criteria and procedures for the purpose of applying for, evaluating, and awarding these grants.
Title: A.B. 2553
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

AZSigned into law 04/2000P-12Relates to environmental education; changes the make up of Arizona Advisory Council on Environmental Education; expands eligibility for grants for environmental education sites; modifies the definition of environmental education.
Title: S.B. 1379
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
+ Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
+ Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language
+ Curriculum--Geography Education
+ Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education
+ Curriculum--Home Economics
+ Curriculum--International Education
+ Curriculum--Language Arts
+ Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling
+ Curriculum--Mathematics
+ Curriculum--Multicultural
+ Curriculum--Physical Education
+ Curriculum--Science
+ Curriculum--Sex Education
+ Curriculum--Social Studies/History
+ Curriculum--Speech Education
+ Data-Driven Improvement
+ Demographics
+ Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults
+ Demographics--Enrollments
+ Desegregation
+ Economic/Workforce Development
+ Education Research
+ Equity
+ Federal
+ Finance
+ Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost
+ Finance--Aid to Private Schools
+ Finance--Bonds
+ Finance--District
+ Finance--Does Money Matter?
+ Finance--Equity
+ Finance--Facilities
+ Finance--Federal
+ Finance--Funding Formulas
+ Finance--Litigation
+ Finance--Local Foundations/Funds
+ Finance--Lotteries
+ Finance--Performance Funding
+ Finance--Private Giving
+ Finance--Resource Efficiency
+ Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures
+ Finance--Student Fees
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues
+ Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues
+ Governance
+ Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule
+ Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest
+ Governance--Mandates
+ Governance--Regional Entities
+ Governance--School Boards
+ Governance--School Boards--Training
+ Governance--Site-Based Management
+ Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies
+ Health
+ Health--Child Abuse
+ Health--Mental Health
+ Health--Nutrition
+ Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses
+ Health--Suicide Prevention
+ Health--Teen Pregnancy
+ High School
+ High School--Advanced Placement
+ High School--College Readiness
+ High School--Credit Recovery
+ High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates
+ High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment
+ High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges
+ High School--Exit Exams
+ High School--GED (General Education Development)
+ High School--Graduation Requirements
+ High School--International Baccalaureate
+ Instructional Approaches
+ Instructional Approaches--Constructivism
+ Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices
+ Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling
+ Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills
+ Instructional Approaches--Official English
+ Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning
+ Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education
+ Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task
+ Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping
+ Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools
+ International Benchmarking
+ Leadership
+ Leadership--District Superintendent
+ Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention
+ Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure
+ Middle School
+ Minority/Diversity Issues
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--African American
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian
+ Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic
+ No Child Left Behind
+ No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress
+ No Child Left Behind--Assessment
+ No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer
+ No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools
+ No Child Left Behind--Finance
+ No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement
+ No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers
+ No Child Left Behind--Report Cards
+ No Child Left Behind--School Support
+ No Child Left Behind--Special Populations
+ No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services
+ Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning
+ Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses
+ P-16 or P-20
+ P-3
+ P-3 Brain Development
+ P-3 Child Care
+ P-3 Content Standards and Assessment
+ P-3 Data Systems
+ P-3 Early Intervention (0-3)
+ P-3 Ensuring Quality
+ P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits
+ P-3 Family Involvement
+ P-3 Finance
+ P-3 Governance
+ P-3 Grades 1-3
+ P-3 Health and Mental Health
+ P-3 Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten
+ P-3 Preschool
+ P-3 Public/Private Partnerships
+ P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion
+ P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development
+ Parent/Family
+ Parent/Family--Parent Rights
+ Parent/Family--Research
+ Partnerships--University/School
+ Postsecondary
+ Postsecondary Accountability
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval
+ Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning
+ Postsecondary Affordability
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans
+ Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants
+ Postsecondary Faculty
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants
+ Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure
+ Postsecondary Finance
+ Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding
+ Postsecondary Finance--Facilities
+ Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues
+ Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies
+ Postsecondary Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges
+ Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate
+ Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions
+ Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent
+ Postsecondary Online Instruction
+ Postsecondary Participation
+ Postsecondary Participation--Access
+ Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements
+ Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action
+ Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Participation--Outreach
+ Postsecondary Students
+ Postsecondary Students--Adults
+ Postsecondary Students--Disabled
+ Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth
+ Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional
+ Postsecondary Students--International
+ Postsecondary Students--Low-Income
+ Postsecondary Students--Military
+ Postsecondary Students--Minority
+ Postsecondary Success
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion
+ Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics)
+ Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation
+ Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence
+ Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation
+ Private Schools
+ Privatization
+ Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs)
+ Proficiency-Based Approaches
+ Promising Practices
+ Promotion/Retention
+ Public Attitudes
+ Public Involvement
+ Purposes of Public Education
+ Reading/Literacy
+ Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy
+ Religion
+ Religion--Prayer/Meditation
+ Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution)
+ Rural
+ Scheduling/School Calendar
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Week
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year
+ Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round
+ School Climate/Culture
+ School Safety
+ School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution
+ School Safety--Code of Conduct
+ School Safety--Corporal Punishment
+ School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness
+ School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension
+ School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools
+ School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault
+ School Safety--Special Education
+ School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes
+ School/District Structure/Operations
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation
+ School/District Structure/Operations--District Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child