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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--Legal Issues Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. VA Signed into law 04/2012 P-12 Eliminating State Mandates on Local and Regional Government Entities Relating to Education H.B. 1295/S.B. 679 Eliminates several statewide mandates on local and regional government entities relating to education and land use. The bill does the follow... More... UT Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 Financial Literacy Test-Out Option H.B. 156 - Financial Literacy Test-Out Option Directs the state board to develop a test-out option from the general financial literacy component of the grades 9-12 curriculum [students m... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Postsec. Instruction in Financial Literacy and Paying for College H.B. 34 Requires that the Texas essential knowledge and skills related to personal financial literacy include instruction in methods of paying for c... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 Postsec. Financial Literacy Training at Postsecondary Institutions H.B. 399 Requires general academic teaching institutions to offer personal financial literacy training. Directs the higher education coordinating boa... More... TX Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Personal Financial Literacy S.B. 290 Requires a personal financial literacy component to be included in mathematics instruction in grades K-8 (previously personal financial lite... More... ME Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Promotes Financial Literacy of High School Students H.P. 161 Requires the Commissioner of Education to develop a program of technical assistance that promotes the importance of financial literacy and e... More... TN Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Financial Literacy S.B. 912 Requires that state board of education mandate revisions to financial literacy education, including as component on certain achievement test... More... WA Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Membership and Work of the Financial Education Public-Private Partnership H.B. 1594 Establishes term limits for membership on the financial education public-private partnership. Encourages school districts to adopt the jumps... More... PA Veto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 11/2010 P-12 Economic Education and Personal Finance Literacy Programs H.B. 101 - Section 1551 Requires the state department of education to establish and maintain a clearinghouse of information on ecnomic education and personal financ... More... IL Signed into law 07/2010 P-12 Consumer Education Proficiency Test S.B. 3608 Repeals policies relating to the Annual Consumer Education Proficiency Test, for students in grades 9-12 who elected to take the test. Stude... More... TN Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Postsec. Community College Financial Literacy for Tennessee Citizens H.B. 3334 Requires the department of the treasury to develop by rule a financial literacy program for the purpose of improving the financial literacy ... More... AL Signed into law 03/2010 P-12 Personal Finance Course for High School Students S.J.R. 95 Urges the state department of education and the state board of education to require local school districts to incorporate a money management... More... IL Signed into law 08/2009 Postsec. Credit Card Marketing Act of 2009 H.B. 2352 Creates the Credit Card Marketing Act of 2009. Requires institutions of higher education that enter into an agreement to market credit cards... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 Business Education, Financial Literacy, and College and Career Readiness H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0719 Defines "business education" for purposes of this section as including accounting, career development, economics and personal finance, entr... More... OH Signed into law 07/2009 P-12 College and Career Readiness, Financial Literacy H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0721, 3301.079(A)(2) and 3313.601, 3313.603 Section 3301.079(A)(2). Requires the state board to adopt K-12 standards for instruction in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, which m... More... NJ Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Financial Literary Pilot A.B. 1943 Establishes pilot program in Department of Education to provide instruction in personal finance to high school seniors. http://www.njleg.sta... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Personal Financial Literacy H.B. 3646 - Section 3 Provides that one of the services districts and campuses may purchase from regional education service centers is training and assistance in ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Financial Literacy Pilot Program H.B. 3646 - Section 23 Increases number of districts eligible to participate in the financial literacy pilot program from 25 to 100. Directs the state education ag... More... UT Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Postsec. Personal Finance Information and Utah Educational Savings Plan S.B. 100 Requires a public school to provide to the parents of a kindergarten student a financial and economic literacy passport (personal financial ... More... UT Signed into law 03/2009 P-12 Postsec. Community College State Council on Financial Literacy S.C.R. 3 Expresses support for the work of the state council on financial education. Encourages participation on the council by the state office of e... More... MI Signed into law 12/2008 P-12 Financial Literacy as Math Course S.B. 834 Provides that a financial literacy course is a permissible mathematics course under the state merit standard for high school graduation. htt... More... UT Adopted 12/2008 P-12 Financial and Economic Literacy R277-704 Defines "financial and economic literacy student passport" as a collection of approved activities, assessments or achievements completed dur... More... IL Signed into law 08/2008 P-12 Homeownership Education S.B. 2387 Adds homeownership, including the basic process of obtaining a mortgage and the concepts of fixed and adjustable rate mortgages, subprime lo... More... IL Signed into law 08/2008 P-12 Postsec. Community College State Treasurer Financial Education and Savings Not-For-Profit Corporation S.B. 2098 Authorizes the state treasurer to create the State Treasurer Financial Education and Savings Not-For-Profit Corporation to promote financial... More... LA Signed into law 07/2008 P-12 Postsec. Community College Financial Literacy and Education Commission S.B. 405 Creates and provides for the Financial Literacy and Education Commission; provides for membership, powers and duties; relates to education o... More... CO Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Financial Literacy Standards H.B. 1168 Directs the State Standards and Assessments Development and Implementation Council, the State Board of Education, and school districts to ad... More... IA Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Financial Literacy S.F. 2216 - Financial Literacy Segment Part of this bill makes financial literacy part of the core curriculum and defines it as: Not limited to financial responsibility and planni... More... IA Signed into law 05/2008 P-12 Student Readiness for College or Work S.F. 2216 - Generally Concerns state and local measures for preparing a student for a career or for postsecondary education, including a mandated statewide core c... More... MD Signed into law 04/2008 P-12 Financial Literacy H.B. 1242; S.B. 533 Creates a Task Force to Study How to Improve Financial Literacy in the State; requires the task force to study the current ability of high s... More... UT Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Financial Literacy S.B. 2 - Section 10 Defines "financial and economic literacy passport" as a document that tracks mastery of financial and economic literacy concepts and complet... More... NM Signed into law 02/2008 P-12 Postsec. Community College College and Workplace Readiness Assessment S.B. 460 Relates to public schools; changes the statewide college and workplace readiness assessments; allows the eleventh grade standards-based asse... More... OK Adopted 10/2007 P-12 Personal Financial Literacy Education OAC 210:35-9-31 Amends rules to require public schools to provide personal financial literacy education in grades 7-12. Outlines 14 areas of instruction tha... More... OR Signed into law 07/2007 P-12 Task Force on Civics and Financial Education H.B. 2584 Creates a Task Force on Civics and Financial Education to study and make recommendations about how to increase and improve civics and financ... More... RI Passed 07/2007 P-12 Personal Financial Education Pilot H.B. 6235 Creates a special legislative commission whose purpose it would be to study the status and future of youth personal financial education in t... More... OK Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Passport to Financial Literacy Act H.B. 1476 Requires personal financial literacy education to be taught in public schools in the state; lists areas of instruction; directs school distr... More... ND Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 Career and Technical Education, Enrepreneurship Education H.B. 1019 Increases funding for for the Department of Career & Technical Education by $4.9 million, 29 percent over from the previous biennium. The $4... More... TN Signed into law 05/2007 P-12 H.B. 1944 Removes the provision in the junior and senior high school curriculum that permits a course on personal finance to satisfy the instruction r... More... NM Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Financial Literacy as an Elective H.B. 1205 Requires that financial literacy be offered as a high school elective. http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB1205.pdf... More... WA Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Financial Literacy Skills and Knowledge H.B. 1980 Provides that, to the extent funds are appropriated or are available for this purpose, the superintendent of public instruction and other me... More... ID Adopted 03/2007 P-12 Financial Education H.C.R. 10 Recognizes the importance of basic financial education and business-oriented educational programs for all citizens. Urges the state board of... More... VA Signed into law 02/2007 Postsec. Economic Education & Financial Literacy Programs H.B. 2513 Expands economic education and financial literacy programs at public institutions of higher education to include subjects in savings and inv... More... OH Signed into law 12/2006 P-12 Ohio Core Graduation Requirements S.B. 311-- Sec. 3313.603(A), (B), (C) Part 1, (K) adn (L) Increases high school graduation requirements for students entering grade 9 during the 2010-2011 school year (Class of 2014). Increases math... More... CA Vetoed 09/2006 P-12 Economics Educ. and Financial Literacy A.B. 1950 Authorizes a school district, in providing instruction in economics, to include instruction related to the understanding of personal finance... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Financial Literacy S.B. 2191 Requires the state board to develop curricula, materials, and guidelines for school boards to use in implementing a program of instruction o... More... SC Veto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 06/2006 P-12 Financial Literacy Grants H.B. 4707 Provides grants to school districts to provide financial literacy instruction for students; establishes goals and establishes the Financial ... More... TN Signed into law 05/2006 P-12 Financial Literacy Curriculum S.B. 3741; H.B. 3753 Concerns education and curriculum; requires department of education to create a state board to approve a high school financial literacy curr... More... GA Adopted 04/2006 P-12 Teacher Preparation Programs GAC 505-3-.40 thru .43 Establishes rules regarding educator preparation programs for grades 6-12 geography, history, economics, and political science to replace ex... More... LA Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Adoption Awareness H.B. 777 Requires the inclusion of the topic of adoption awareness in middle or high school courses that include material related to family life, inc... More... TX Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Financial Literacy Pilot Program S.B. 851 Contingent on funding, requires state board to establish and implement a financial literacy pilot program to provide students in participati... More... TX Signed into law 05/2005 P-12 Personal Financial Literacy H.B. 492 Amends Sec. 28.0021. Requires instruction in personal financial literacy in one or more courses required for high school graduation. Requir... More... SC Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Financial Literacy Instruction Act H.B. 3020 Enacts the Financial Literacy Instruction Act; provides a curriculum for local school boards to teach financial literacy; provides for a fun... More... WV Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Prescribing Personal Finance Instruction In Second H.B. 2837 Adds new section: §18-2-7c, to read as follows:(a) The Legislature finds and declares that persons with an understanding of personal finance... More... VA Signed into law 03/2005 P-12 Entrepreneurship Education Program S.B. 969 Creates the Entrepreneurship Education Program, consisting of grants administered by the state board to public secondary schools to support ... More... WI Issued 03/2005 P-12 Postsec. Community College Creation of the Governor's Council on Financial Literacy Executive Order # 92 Creates the governor's council on financial literacy. The council's mission is to measurably improve the financial literacy of Wisconsin ci... More... OK Emergency Rule Adoption 02/2005 Postsec. Financial Aid for Financial Literacy OAC 610:25-35-1 thru -7 Establishes emergency rules to address the state's deficit in financial instruction and to combat the considerable cost of fiscal illiteracy... More... CA Vetoed 09/2004 P-12 Courses of Study: Financial Planning A.B. 2435 Permits a school district to include instruction on personal finance, including budgeting, savings and credit, in social sciences courses fo... More... DE Rule Adoption 09/2004 P-12 Certification of Family and Consumer Sciences Teacher 14 DAC, 331, 1566, 1.0 - 3.3.12 Amends regulations relating to the requirements for a standard certificate for educational personnel. Changes are made to conform to changes... More... CO Signed by Governor 06/2004 P-12 Financial Education Curriculum H.B. 1360 Encourages each school district and charter school to adopt a financial literacy curriculum and to make successful completion of the program... More... HI Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Financial Literacy for Youth Month H.B. 1898 Designated April as "Financial Literacy for Youth" month. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/bills/hb1898_hd1_.htm... More... MS Signed into law 04/2004 P-12 Educational Service Agencies S.B. 3016 Authorizes 12 or more school districts to enter into an agreement to establish an Educational Service Agency (ESA). The ESA would be managed... More... PA Issued 04/2004 P-12 Postsec. Community College 2004-7 Financial Education and Literacy Executive Order Creates the office of financial education, responsible for: (1) Coordinating financial education programs across agencies; (2) Developing an... More... WA Vetoed 03/2004 P-12 Financial Literacy H.B. 2455 Provides for financial literacy; provides for the creation of a set of financial literacy learning guidelines, providing information on inst... More... AR Signed into law 01/2004 P-12 Personal Finance Education S.B. 41 Requires public school districts to offer a personal finance course to students in grades nine through twelve. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us... More... NY Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Student Financial Education Act S.B. 4113 Enacts the "student financial education act" to create within children the skills, knowledge and experience necessary to manage personal fin... More... LA Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 Free Enterprise Curriculum to Include Personal Finance S.B. 38 Requires the free enterprise curriculum to include instruction in personal finance beginning with the 2004-2005 school year. States that per... More... SC Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 High School Students Personal Finance S.B. 258 Requires high school students to receive instruction in the area of personal finance.... More... TX Signed into law 05/2003 P-12 Public School Curriculum H.C.R. 15 Directs the state board to implement the inclusion of elements relating to personal finance among the essential knowledge and skills in the ... More... KS Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Personal Finance Literacy Program S.B. 74 Requires the state board to assist in the implementation of personal financial literacy instructional programs, to include consumer financia... More... MT Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Student Banks in High Schools S.B. 380 Authorizes formation of student banks, called "student financial institutions" in a high school as an education program to serve only those ... More... MO Signed into law 07/2002 P-12 Study of Economics and Personal Finance Education in State H.B. 1973 Requires the department to conduct a study of economics and personal finance education, to be submitted to the general assembly by January 1... More... KY Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Economic Education H.J.R. 25 Directs the Department of Education to implement the recommendations of the Interim Joint Committee on Education related to economic educati... More... MI Signed into law 04/2002 P-12 Model Financial Literacy Program H.B. 5327 Requires Department of Education to develop and make available to schools a model financial literacy program; provides, that to the extent f... More... VA Signed into law 03/2002 P-12 Banking-at-School Demonstration Program H.B. 966 Authorizes local school boards to establish a Banking-at-School Partnership Program, consisting of school banks or school credit unions on t... More... TN Signed into law 05/2001 P-12 Personal Finance Curriculum H.B. 1177 Requires public schools to include in the course of instruction a component on personal finance education to help students develop an unders... More... KY Signed into law 04/2000 P-12 Economics Education H.C.R. 82 Directs the Interim Joint Committee on Education to study the issue of the instruction of the principles of economics and the need for promo... More... CA Signed into law 09/1996 P-12 S.B. 1454 Home Economics Carrers and Technology Vocational Educational Unit States the Legislature's recognition of the importance of home economics careers and technology to the welfare and economic stability of the... More... Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Curriculum--Speech Education Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements High School--International Baccalaureate Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Completion--Completion Rates (Statistics) Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Rural Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Achievement--State Trends Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring Student Supports--Remediation Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models Whole Child