ECS
From the ECS State Policy Database
1994-2012

Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest.

Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date].

State Status/Date Level Summary
+ 21st Century Skills
+ Accountability
+ Accountability--Accreditation
+ Accountability--Measures/Indicators
+ Accountability--Reporting Results
+ Accountability--Rewards
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play
+ Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers
+ Accountability--School Improvement
+ Adult Basic Education
+ Assessment
+ Assessment--Accommodations
+ Assessment--College Entrance Exams
+ Assessment--Computer Based
+ Assessment--End-of-Course
+ Assessment--Formative/Interim
+ Assessment--High Stakes/Competency
+ Assessment--Legal Issues
+ Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization)
+ Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio
+ Assessment--Value Added
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education
+ At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol
+ Attendance
+ Attendance--Compulsory
+ Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower)
+ Attendance--Truancy
+ Background Checks
+ Bilingual/ESL
+ Brain Research
+ Business Involvement
+ Career/Technical Education
+ Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship
+ Cheating
+ Choice of Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance
+ Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment
+ Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment--Research
+ Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools
+ Choice of Schools--Tax Credits
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers
+ Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded
+ Civic Education
+ Civic Education--Character Education
+ Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy
+ Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards
+ Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance
+ Class Size
+ Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Alignment
+ Curriculum--Arts Education
+ Curriculum--Censorship
+ Curriculum--Core Curriculum
+ Curriculum--Drivers Education
+ Curriculum--Environmental Education
+ Curriculum--Excusal
+ Curriculum--Family Living Education
- Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed.
VASigned into law 04/2012P-12Eliminates several statewide mandates on local and regional government entities relating to education and land use. The bill does the following:

* Removes the requirement for establishing local advisory committees on gifted education and the annual reporting by such committees
* Eliminates the requirement to provide the estimated per pupil cost for public education of individual school to each parent or guardian of the enrolled child
* Removes the requirement that proceeds from the sale of local education surplus property be applied to capital improvements
* Removes the requirement for economic and financial literacy courses in middle and high school
* Eliminates the requirement to establish a school health board
* Removes annual contract requirements for community service boards
* Eliminates Internet policy mandates on local libraries
* Changes requirement to give first priority for vending contracts to the blind from mandatory to a local option
* Removes the requirement for economic and financial literacy courses in middle and high school
* Repeals the requirement for civics training for teachers in order to renew license

The bill also makes technical changes. The bill is identical to SB 679.
http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+ful+CHAP0805+pdf
Title: H.B. 1295/S.B. 679
Source: http://lis.virginia.gov/

UTSigned into law 03/2012P-12Directs the state board to develop a test-out option from the general financial literacy component of the grades 9-12 curriculum [students must complete .5 unit General Financial Literacy to graduate from high school]. Page 6 of 9: http://le.utah.gov/~2012/bills/hbillenr/hb0156.pdf
Title: H.B. 156 - Financial Literacy Test-Out Option
Source: le.utah.gov

TXSigned into law 06/2011P-12
Postsec.
Requires that the Texas essential knowledge and skills related to personal financial literacy include instruction in methods of paying for college and other postsecondary education and training. Requires each high district and open enrollment charter school offering a high school program to provide instruction in personal financial literacy in any course meeting the requirements for an economic credit, using state board-approved materials. Requires the instruction in financial literacy to include instruction in methods of paying for college and other postsecondary education and training, including instruction on completing the application for federal student aid (FAFSA). Requires districts and open enrollment charter schools to ensure that a student enrolled in a dual credit course meets the requirements for an economics credit receives the instruction described above. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB00034F.pdf#navpanes=0
Title: H.B. 34
Source: www.capitol.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 06/2011Postsec.Requires general academic teaching institutions to offer personal financial literacy training. Directs the higher education coordinating board to determine the topics to be covered by the training, which may include budgeting, credit cards, spending, saving, loan repayment and consolidation, taxes, retirement planning, and financing of health care and other benefits. Permits the coordinating board to permit this training by rule to be provided in an online course. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/HB00399F.pdf#navpanes=0
Title: H.B. 399
Source: www.capitol.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 06/2011P-12Requires a personal financial literacy component to be included in mathematics instruction in grades K-8 (previously personal financial literacy only required to be included in one or more courses required for high school graduation). Directs the commissioner of education to adopt a list of electronic textbooks and instructional material for use as part of the foundation curriculum for personal financial literacy in grades K-8. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/82R/billtext/pdf/SB00290F.pdf#navpanes=0
Title: S.B. 290
Source: www.capitol.state.tx.us

MESigned into law 05/2011P-12Requires the Commissioner of Education to develop a program of technical assistance that promotes the importance of financial literacy and encourages school administrative units to implement an integrated model for instruction in personal finance that may be used in secondary schools as part of the instruction in social studies or mathematics Requires the commissioner in consultation with certain organizations to prepare and distribute annually, in January, a report to school boards and superintendents that includes strategies and resources available to implement an integrated model for instruction in personal finance for use in secondary schools. http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/bills/bills_125th/chapters/PUBLIC154.asp
Title: H.P. 161
Source: http://www.mainelegislature.org

TNSigned into law 05/2011P-12Requires that state board of education mandate revisions to financial literacy education, including as component on certain achievement tests, after recommendations made by financial literacy commission.
http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB0912.pdf
Title: S.B. 912
Source: http://www.capitol.tn.gov/

WASigned into law 05/2011P-12Establishes term limits for membership on the financial education public-private partnership. Encourages school districts to adopt the jumpstart coalition national standards in K-12 personal finance education and provide students with an opportunity to master the standards. http://apps.leg.wa.gov/documents/billdocs/2011-12/Pdf/Bills/Session%20Law%202011/1594.SL.pdf
Title: H.B. 1594
Source: apps.leg.wa.gov

PAVeto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 11/2010P-12Requires the state department of education to establish and maintain a clearinghouse of information on ecnomic education and personal financial literacy materials, identify and recognize exemplary programs, and to provide these materials to schools through the department's Website. Also requires the department to convene a task force to assess economic education trends and needs, consider expenditure of funds and make recommendations.
http://www.legis.state.pa.us/CFDOCS/Legis/PN/Public/btCheck.cfm?txtType=PDF&sessYr=2009&sessInd=0&billBody=H&billTyp=B&billNbr=0101&pn=4389
Title: H.B. 101 - Section 1551
Source: http://www.legis.state.pa.us

ILSigned into law 07/2010P-12Repeals policies relating to the Annual Consumer Education Proficiency Test, for students in grades 9-12 who elected to take the test. Students who demonstrated proficiency on the test were excused from the receiving instruction in consumer education as a prerequisite for high school graduation. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/publicacts/96/PDF/096-1061.pdf
Title: S.B. 3608
Source: www.ilga.gov

TNSigned into law 06/2010P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Requires the department of the treasury to develop by rule a financial literacy program for the purpose of improving the financial literacy and education of Tennessee citizens. Such program may include, but not necessarily be limited to, the development
of a strategy to promote training in budgeting and financial management, including debt management and other forms of financial literacy. The department shall administer the financial literacy program.
http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/106/Bill/HB3334.pdf
Title: H.B. 3334
Source: http://www.capitol.tn.gov

ALSigned into law 03/2010P-12Urges the state department of education and the state board of education to require local school districts to incorporate a money management course in their curriculum for high school students.
Title: S.J.R. 95
Source: www.lexis.com

ILSigned into law 08/2009Postsec.Creates the Credit Card Marketing Act of 2009. Requires institutions of higher education that enter into an agreement to market credit cards to students pursuing an education, or that allow their student groups, alumni associations, or affiliates to enter into such agreements, to make a financial education program available to all students. Specifies required components of a financial education program. Requires any institution of higher education, including its agents, employees, or student or alumni organizations, or affiliates that receive any funds from the distribution of credit card applications, to divulge specified information, including amount of funds or other items of value received from the arrangement, and the way those funds were expended in the previous school year. Prohibits certain gifts or inducements to students to encourage them to complete credit card applications. Prohibits school district and postsecondary institution agents, employees, student or alumni associations, or any affiliates from providing student information to any business or financial institution that issues credit or debit cards. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/96/HB/PDF/09600HB2352lv.pdf
Title: H.B. 2352
Source: www.ilga.gov

OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Defines "business education" for purposes of this section as including accounting, career development, economics and personal finance, entrepreneurship, information technology, management and marketing. Directs the state board, by July 2010, to adopt business education standards for grades 7-12. Directs the department to provide the standards to all school districts, community schools and STEM schools, and permits any school district, community school or STEM school to use the standards. Provides that the business education standards supplement, and do not supersede, academic content standards adopted under section 3301.079 of the Revised Code. Page 1016 of 3120: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText128/128_HB_1_EN_N.pdf
Title: H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0719
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

OHSigned into law 07/2009P-12Section 3301.079(A)(2). Requires the state board to adopt K-12 standards for instruction in financial literacy and entrepreneurship, which must meet the same requirements as standards in the core areas of English, math, science and social studies (i.e., the standards must specify: (1) The content and skills at each grade level that will allow students to be prepared for postsecondary instruction and the workplace for success in the 21st century; (2) The development of skill sets as they relate to creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, and communication and collaboration; (3) The development of skill sets that promote information, media and technological literacy; and (4) The development of skill sets that promote personal management, productivity and accountability, and leadership and responsibility
(5) Interdisciplinary, project-based, real-world learning opportunities.)

Creates new Section 3301.0721. Directs the superintendent of public instruction to develop a model curriculum for instruction in college and career readiness and financial literacy. Provides the curriculum must focus on grades 7-12 but may include other grades. Directs the department, once the curriculum is developed, to notify all school districts, community schools and STEM schools. Authorizes all such schools to use the model curriculum.

Creates new Section 3313.6015. Directs every district board to adopt a resolution describing how the district will address college and career readiness and financial literacy in its curriculum for grades 7 or 8 and for any other grades in which the board determines that those subjects should be addressed. Directs the board to submit a copy of the resolution to the department of education.

Section 3313.603: Requires academic content standards for financial literacy and entrepreneurship to be integrated into one or more social studies classes required for high school graduation or into another course. Requires a high school that permits a student below grade 9 to take a high school-level course to award high school credit for successful completion of the course.
Pages 986 (Section 3301.079), 1016-1017 (Section 3301.0721), 1160-1167 (Section 3313.603) and 1173 (Section 3313.6015) of 3120: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/BillText128/128_HB_1_EN_N.pdf
Title: H.B. 1 - Section 3301.0721, 3301.079(A)(2) and 3313.601, 3313.603
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

NJSigned into law 06/2009P-12Establishes pilot program in Department of Education to provide instruction in personal finance to high school seniors.
http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2008/Bills/A2000/1943_I1.HTM
Title: A.B. 1943
Source: http://www.njleg.state.nj.us

TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Provides that one of the services districts and campuses may purchase from regional education service centers is training and assistance in providing instruction in personal financial literacy. http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf/HB03646F.pdf
Title: H.B. 3646 - Section 3
Source: www.legis.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 06/2009P-12Increases number of districts eligible to participate in the financial literacy pilot program from 25 to 100. Directs the state education agency to report to members of the legislature by January 2011 on implementation and effectiveness of the program.
Page 18 of 108: http://www.legis.state.tx.us/tlodocs/81R/billtext/pdf/HB03646F.pdf
Title: H.B. 3646 - Section 23
Source: www.legis.state.tx.us

UTSigned into law 03/2009P-12
Postsec.
Requires a public school to provide to the parents of a kindergarten student a financial and economic literacy passport (personal financial literacy), and information about higher education savings options, including information about opening a Utah Educational Savings Plan account. http://le.utah.gov/~2009/bills/sbillenr/sb0100.pdf
Title: S.B. 100
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

UTSigned into law 03/2009P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Expresses support for the work of the state council on financial education. Encourages participation on the council by the state office of education, other state agencies and all other private or public entities that engage in teaching financial education and share a commitment to empowering individuals and families to achieve economic stability, opportunity and upward mobility. Requires a copy of the resolution to be sent to the state office of education, the state board and the board of regents. http://le.utah.gov/~2009/bills/sbillenr/scr003.pdf
Title: S.C.R. 3
Source: le.utah.gov

MISigned into law 12/2008P-12Provides that a financial literacy course is a permissible mathematics course under the state merit standard for high school graduation.
http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/2007-2008/publicact/pdf/2008-PA-0316.pdf
Title: S.B. 834
Source: http://www.legislature.mi.gov/

UTAdopted 12/2008P-12Defines "financial and economic literacy student passport" as a collection of approved activities, assessments or achievements completed during a given time period that indicate advancement in financial and economic understanding. Defines "financial and economic literacy project" as a program or series of activities developed locally to encourage the understanding of financial and economic literacy among students and their families and to assist educators in making financial and economic literacy an integrated and permanent part of the public school curriculum.

Directs the state board and the Utah State Office of Education (USOE) to develop and promote a financial and economic literacy student passport model, initially to focus on students in grades 9-12. Requires that students and parents receive information and encouragement toward the financial and economic literacy student passport opportunity upon development as part of the SEOP process.

Directs the USOE to provide professional development on all areas of financial and economic literacy using the expertise of community and business groups.
http://www.rules.utah.gov/publicat/code/r277/r277-704.htm
Title: R277-704
Source: www.rules.utah.gov

ILSigned into law 08/2008P-12Adds homeownership, including the basic process of obtaining a mortgage and the concepts of fixed and adjustable rate mortgages, subprime loans, and predatory lending, as part of the financial literacy component of consumer education for public school pupils. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/SB/PDF/09500SB2387lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 2387
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ILSigned into law 08/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Authorizes the state treasurer to create the State Treasurer Financial Education and Savings Not-For-Profit Corporation to promote financial literacy and savings among the residents of the state and to issue grants and scholarships for educational purposes. Sets forth requirements for the creation and operation of the corporation. Effective immediately. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/95/SB/PDF/09500SB2098lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 2098
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

LASigned into law 07/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Creates and provides for the Financial Literacy and Education Commission; provides for membership, powers and duties; relates to education on saving and managing spending, credit and debt, especially credit card debt.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=504292
Title: S.B. 405
Source: http://www.legis.state.la.us/

COSigned into law 05/2008P-12Directs the State Standards and Assessments Development and Implementation Council, the State Board of Education, and school districts to add financial literacy standards to the mathematics content standards and to recommend and adopt statewide assessments that are aligned with the financial literacy standards.
http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics/clics2008a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/0073E839636E1F3A872573680059FA3F?open&file=1168_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1168
Source: http://www.leg.state.co.us/

IASigned into law 05/2008P-12Part of this bill makes financial literacy part of the core curriculum and defines it as: Not limited to financial responsibility and planning skills; money management skills, including setting financial goals, creating spending plans, and using financial instruments; applying decision=making skills to analyze debt incurrence and debt management; understanding risk management, including the features and functions of insurance; and understanding saving and investing as applied to long-term financial security and asset building.
http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?category=billinfo&service=billbook&GA=82&hbill=S
Title: S.F. 2216 - Financial Literacy Segment
Source: http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us

IASigned into law 05/2008P-12Concerns state and local measures for preparing a student for a career or for postsecondary education, including a mandated statewide core curriculum for school districts and accredited nonpublic schools and a state designated career information and decision making system. Prohibits requiring districts or private schools to adopt any specific textbook, series, particular methodology or other products from a specific vendor. Requires the state department to identify and make available end-of-course and other model assessments. Requires convening of a task to review the national assessment of educational progress (NAEP) standards and assessments used by other states and to consider best practices by content area groups such as the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Requires a department study of potential expansion of the core curriculum potentially to include fine arts, applied arts, humanities and world languages. Establishes requirement for teaching of financial literacy.
http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us/Cool-ICE/default.asp?category=billinfo&service=billbook&GA=82&hbill=SF2216
Title: S.F. 2216 - Generally
Source: http://coolice.legis.state.ia.us

MDSigned into law 04/2008P-12Creates a Task Force to Study How to Improve Financial Literacy in the State; requires the task force to study the current ability of high school students to understand basic financial concepts, evaluate the current provision of financial literacy education in public schools, assess the utility of such education as part of primary and secondary education, and to study the ability of adult consumers to understand financial concepts and the problems created by a lack of financial literacy.
http://mlis.state.md.us/2008rs/bills/hb/hb1242e.pdf
Title: H.B. 1242; S.B. 533
Source: http://mlis.state.md.us/

UTSigned into law 03/2008P-12Defines "financial and economic literacy passport" as a document that tracks mastery of financial and economic literacy concepts and completion of financial and economic activities in a number of specified areas. Directs the state board of education, in cooperation with interested private and non-profit entities, to:
(1) Develop a financial and economic literacy passport that students may elect to complete
(2) Develop methods of encouraging parent and educator involvement in completion of the financial and economic literacy passport
(3) Develop and implement appropriate recognition and incentives for students who complete the financial and economic literacy passport, including:
(A) a financial and economic literacy endorsement on the student's high school diploma
(B) a specific designation on the student's official transcript
(C) any incentives offered by community partners.

Also directs the state board to:
(1) More fully integrate existing and new financial and economic literacy education into K-12 instruction by:
(i) coordinating financial and economic literacy instruction with existing instruction in other core curriculum areas such as mathematics and social studies
(ii) using curriculum mapping
(iii) creating training materials and staff development programs that highlight areas of potential coordination between financial and economic literacy education and other core curriculum concepts, and that demonstrate specific examples of financial and economic literacy concepts as a way of teaching other core curriculum concepts
(iv) using appropriate financial and economic literacy assessments to improve financial and economic literacy education and, if necessary, developing assessments
(2) Work with interested private and non-profit entities to:
(i) coordinate school use of existing financial and economic literacy education resources
(ii) develop simple, clear, and consistent messaging to reinforce and link existing financial literacy resources
(iii) coordinate the efforts of school, work, private, non-profit and other financial education providers in implementing methods of appropriately communicating to teachers, students and parents key financial and economic literacy messages.
(3) Make rules to develop guidelines and methods for school districts and charter schools to more fully integrate financial and economic literacy education into other core curriculum courses.

Directs the state superintendent to annually report to the Education Interim Committee on the successes and areas of needed improvement in financial and economic literacy education.
Pages 15-17: http://le.utah.gov/~2008/bills/sbillenr/sb0002.pdf
Title: S.B. 2 - Section 10
Source: le.utah.gov

NMSigned into law 02/2008P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Relates to public schools; changes the statewide college and workplace readiness assessments; allows the eleventh grade standards-based assessments to serve as the assessment required for graduation; provides that financial literacy shall be offered as an elective course; addresses graduation requirements, student graduation plans and exit exams.
http://www.sos.state.nm.us/2008/SBill460.pdf
Title: S.B. 460
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us/LCS/default.asp

OKAdopted 10/2007P-12Amends rules to require public schools to provide personal financial literacy education in grades 7-12. Outlines 14 areas of instruction that the student must demonstrate satisfactory completion in order to obtain a Passport to Financial Literacy, which will be required to graduate with a standard diploma. OKLAHOMA 14926
Title: OAC 210:35-9-31
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

ORSigned into law 07/2007P-12Creates a Task Force on Civics and Financial Education to study and make recommendations about how to increase and improve civics and financial education in kindergarten through grade 12 public schools.
http://www.leg.state.or.us/07reg/measpdf/hb2500.dir/hb2584.en.pdf
Title: H.B. 2584
Source: http://www.leg.state.or.us

RIPassed 07/2007P-12Creates a special legislative commission whose purpose it would be to study the status and future of youth personal financial education in the state's middle and high schools.
Title: H.B. 6235
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

OKSigned into law 06/2007P-12Requires personal financial literacy education to be taught in public schools in the state; lists areas of instruction; directs school districts to provide personal financial literacy instruction; provides for integration of instruction into existing courses; grants school districts certain options; directs the state board to adopt curriculum standards for personal financial literacy; encourages the State Textbook Committee to adopt certain textbooks. Beginning with students entering the seventh grade in the 2008-2009 school year, in order to graduate from a public high school accredited by the state board with a standard diploma, students must fulfill the requirements for a personal financial literacy passport.
http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us/2007-08bills/HB/HB1476_ENR.RTF
Title: H.B. 1476
Source: http://webserver1.lsb.state.ok.us

NDSigned into law 05/2007P-12Increases funding for for the Department of Career & Technical Education by $4.9 million, 29 percent over from the previous biennium. The $4.9 million in this legislation is part of a total $8 million increase in workforce training funds coordinated between K-12 education, the University System, Commerce Department, Job Services North Dakota and the Department of Career and Technical Education. Creates a North Dakota elementary student entrepreneurship program under the authority of the state board. Requires the state board to adopt policies to create a program of grants to support entrepreneurship education that is coordinated with classroom curriculum, standards, and activities encouraging and showcasing entrepreneurial activities at the elementary education level. The grants must be administered through local school districts and require matching funds of up to fifty percent of the curriculum and activity costs. Defines membership of the Workforce Enhancement Council: The private sector members of the workforce development council, the director of the department of career and technical education, and the director of the division of workforce development, who shall serve as chairman. Establishes procedures for how the Council will approve grants.
http://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/60-2007/bill-text/HQML0500.pdf
Title: H.B. 1019
Source: http://www.legis.nd.gov/

TNSigned into law 05/2007P-12Removes the provision in the junior and senior high school curriculum that permits a course on personal finance to satisfy the instruction requirement on the free enterprise system. Present law requires the state board of education to establish a program of instruction for the public high schools on the essentials of the free enterprise system. Instruction must be given in Accordance with the course of study prescribed by the state board for at least one semester, equal to one half unit of credit. Present law provides that successful student participation in a one-half unit course on personal finance will render the student eligible for the one-half unit of credit. This bill deletes this provision.
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/HB1944.pdf
Title: H.B. 1944
Source: http://www.legislature.state.tn.us

NMSigned into law 04/2007P-12Requires that financial literacy be offered as a high school elective.
http://legis.state.nm.us/Sessions/07%20Regular/final/HB1205.pdf
Title: H.B. 1205
Source: http://legis.state.nm.us/

WASigned into law 04/2007P-12Provides that, to the extent funds are appropriated or are available for this purpose, the superintendent of public instruction and other members of the partnership created in RCW 28A.300.455 shall make available to school districts the list of identified financial literacy skills and knowledge, instructional materials, assessments, and other relevant information.
Encourages each school district to provide its students with an opportunity to master the financial literacy skills and knowledge developed under RCW 28A.300.460. Provides that it is not necessary to evaluate and apply the office of the superintendent of public instruction essential academic learning requirements or to develop grade level expectations. Provides that the financial literacy public-private partnership expires June 30, 2009.
http://www.leg.wa.gov/pub/billinfo/2007-08/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1980-S2.PL.pdf
Title: H.B. 1980
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

IDAdopted 03/2007P-12Recognizes the importance of basic financial education and business-oriented educational programs for all citizens. Urges the state board of education to begin:

(1) Exploring ways to include in the public school curricula a financial literacy program that includes such topics as budgeting, consumer economics, insurance, saving, money management, investing principles, managing credit, monetary policy, financial planning, retirement savings, consumer loans and mortgages; and
(2) Reviewing existing financial literacy programs and materials, with the aim of formalizing personal financial management as a requirement for graduation.

http://www3.state.id.us/oasis/HCR010.html
Title: H.C.R. 10
Source: www3.state.id.us

VASigned into law 02/2007Postsec.Expands economic education and financial literacy programs at public institutions of higher education to include subjects in savings and investments, predatory lending practices and interest rates, consumer fraud, and identity theft and protection. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?071+ful+HB2513ER
Title: H.B. 2513
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

OHSigned into law 12/2006P-12Increases high school graduation requirements for students entering grade 9 during the 2010-2011 school year (Class of 2014). Increases math units from 3 to 4; requires one unit of Algebra II or its equivalent. Existing 3-unit requirement in science calls for one unit biological sciences and one unit physical sciences. New requirements specify that 3 units science must all be lab sciences that include 1 unit physical sciences, 1 unit biology and 1 unit in one or more of the following: (1) chemistry, physics or other physical science; (2) advanced biology or other life science; or (3) astronomy, physical geology, or other earth or space science.

Division (K) of this section addtionally requires students entering grade 9 for the first time during the 2010-2011 school year (Class of 2014) to complete two semesters of fine arts, which requirement may be completed in any grade 7-12. Students who receive a waiver from the Ohio core graduation requirements, either through a parental agreement or through enrollment in an approved dropout prevention and recovery program, are not required but encouraged to enroll in a fine arts course as an elective.

Division (L) allows local boards to adopt policies excusing any student who has participated in interscholastic athletics, marching band or cheerleading for at least two full seasons during high school from the high school physical education requirement. A student who receives an excusal must complete a half unit of credit in another course of study.

Directs schools to integrate economics and financial literacy into one or more of the existing social studies credit requirements (American history and American government). In developing this integrated curriculum, schools must use available public-private partnerships and resources and materials that exist in business, industry, and through the centers for economics education at institutions of higher education in the state.

Replaces existing 6 units of electives with 5-unit elective requirement. Directs that these be fulfilled by one or any combination of foreign language, fine arts, business, career-technical education, family and consumer sciences, technology, agricultural education, or English language arts, mathematics, science, or social studies courses not otherwise required in the core curriculum.

Clarifies that a student may meet the Ohio core curriculum graduation requirements through a variety of methods, including integrated, applied, career-technical and traditional coursework.

Includes legislative intent: "Ohioans must be prepared to apply increased knowledge and skills in the workplace and to adapt their knowledge and skills quickly to meet the rapidly changing conditions of the twenty-first century. National studies indicate that all high school graduates need the same academic foundation, regardless of the opportunities they pursue after graduation. The goal of Ohio's system of elementary and secondary education is to prepare all students for and seamlessly connect all students to success in life beyond high school graduation, regardless of whether the next step is entering the workforce, beginning an apprenticeship, engaging in post-secondary training, serving in the military, or pursuing a college degree."

See section 3313.603: http://www.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=126_SB_0311
Title: S.B. 311-- Sec. 3313.603(A), (B), (C) Part 1, (K) adn (L)
Source: www.legislature.state.oh.us

CAVetoed 09/2006P-12Authorizes a school district, in providing instruction in economics, to include instruction related to the understanding of personal finances, including, but not limited to budgeting, savings, credit and identity theft. Encourages the State Department of Education to develop a model personal finance curriculum for these purposes.
Title: A.B. 1950
Source: California Legislature

ILSigned into law 06/2006P-12Requires the state board to develop curricula, materials, and guidelines for school boards to use in implementing a program of instruction on financial literacy within current courses offered in public high schools. Creates the Financial Literacy Fund as a special fund in the state treasury. Provides that all money in the fund shall be used to award grants to school districts for the following purposes:
(1) Defraying the costs of financial literacy training for teachers.
(2) Rewarding a school or teacher who wins or achieves results at a certain level of success in a financial literacy competition.
(3) Rewarding a student who wins or achieves results at a certain level of success in a financial literacy competition.
(4) Funding activities, including books, games, field trips, computers, and other activities, related to financial literacy education.

Authorizes local boards to establish a special fund in which to receive public funds and private contributions for the promotion of financial literacy.

Urges the state board, upon the next comprehensive review of the Illinois Learning Standards, to include the basic principles of personal insurance policies and understanding simple contracts. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/94/SB/PDF/09400SB2191lv.pdf
Title: S.B. 2191
Source: www.ilga.gov

SCVeto overridden: legislature has overridden governor's veto 06/2006P-12Provides grants to school districts to provide financial literacy instruction for students; establishes goals and establishes the Financial Literacy Board of trustees and the purposes of the Board and its composition, functions, and duties; provides for two separate funds to accept public and private monies; provides procedures for applying for a grant; establishes fiscal guidelines, and evaluation requirements; provides for contributions to charitable funds through individual income tax returns.
http://www.scstatehouse.net/sess116_2005-2006/bills/4707.doc
Title: H.B. 4707
Source: South Carolina Legislature

TNSigned into law 05/2006P-12Concerns education and curriculum; requires department of education to create a state board to approve a high school financial literacy curriculum; creates in the state treasury a fund to be known as the "financial literacy fund ". State funds and private contributions for the promotion of financial literacy shall be deposited into the financial literacy fund.
http://www.legislature.state.tn.us/bills/currentga/BILL/SB3741.pdf
Title: S.B. 3741; H.B. 3753
Source: Tennessee Legislature

GAAdopted 04/2006P-12Establishes rules regarding educator preparation programs for grades 6-12 geography, history, economics, and political science to replace existing "broad field" Social Science certification area.

Geography: http://www.gapsc.com/TeacherEducation/Rules/505-3-.40.pdf
History: http://www.gapsc.com/TeacherEducation/Rules/505-3-.41.pdf
Economics: http://www.gapsc.com/TeacherEducation/Rules/505-3-.42.pdf
Political Science: http://www.gapsc.com/TeacherEducation/Rules/505-3-.43.pdf

See also: http://www.gapsc.com/msgc_SocialSciencesCertificationChanges.asp
Title: GAC 505-3-.40 thru .43
Source: Georgia Professional Standards Commission (GASPC) Web site

LASigned into law 06/2005P-12Requires the inclusion of the topic of adoption awareness in middle or high school courses that include material related to family life, including Family Life and Consumer Science Education courses. Defines adoption awareness.
http://www.legis.state.la.us/billdata/streamdocument.asp?did=317551
Title: H.B. 777
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

TXSigned into law 06/2005P-12Contingent on funding, requires state board to establish and implement a financial literacy pilot program to provide students in participating school districts with the knowledge and skills necessary as self-supporting adults to make critical decisions relating to personal financial matters. Requires the agency shall collaborate with the Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner and the State Securities Board to develop the curriculum and instructional materials for the program. The curriculum and instructional materials must include information about: (1) avoiding and eliminating credit card debt; (2) understanding the rights and responsibilities of renting or buying a home; (3) managing money to make the transition from renting a home to home ownership; (4) starting a small business; (5) being a prudent investor in the stock market and using other investment options; (6) beginning a savings program; (7) bankruptcy; (8) the types of bank accounts available to consumers
and the benefits of maintaining a bank account; (9) balancing a check book; and (10) the types of loans available to consumers and becoming a low-risk borrower.
http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlo/79R/billtext/SB00851F.HTM
Title: S.B. 851
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

TXSigned into law 05/2005P-12Amends Sec. 28.0021. Requires instruction in personal financial literacy in one or more courses required for high school graduation. Requires districts and open-enrollment charter schools to incorporate instruction in personal financial literacy into any course meeting a requirement for an economics credit, using materials approved by the board. Requires districts and open-enrollment charter schools to comply beginning with the 2006-2007 school year. Requires the board to adopt essential knowledge and skills for a course not later than the 2008-2009 school year. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=79&SESS=R&CHAMBER=H&BILLTYPE=B&BILLSUFFIX=00492&VERSION=5&TYPE=B
Title: H.B. 492
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

SCSigned into law 04/2005P-12Enacts the Financial Literacy Instruction Act; provides a curriculum for local school boards to teach financial literacy; provides for a fund to receive public and private contributions for financial literacy instruction. http://www.scstatehouse.net/sess116_2005-2006/bills/3020.htm
Title: H.B. 3020
Source: http://www.scstatehouse.net

WVSigned into law 04/2005P-12Adds new section: §18-2-7c, to read as follows:(a) The Legislature finds and declares that persons with an understanding of personal finance are better prepared to manage their money and that providing a personal finance program in secondary schools in West Virginia will prepare students to handle their finances. (b) To provide students a basic understanding of personal finance, the State Board shall develop a program of instruction on personal finance which may be integrated into the curriculum of an appropriate existing course or courses for students in secondary schools. Prescribing personal finance instruction in secondary schools by the State Board of Education. http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Text_HTML/2005_SESSIONS/RS/BILLS/hb2837%20enr.htm
Title: H.B. 2837
Source: http://www.legis.state.wv.us

VASigned into law 03/2005P-12Creates the Entrepreneurship Education Program, consisting of grants administered by the state board to public secondary schools to support innovative educational programs designed to assist students in the development of their entrepreneurial, academic, and life skills. The programs are requried to, among other things, (i) incorporate experiential learning; (ii) include partnerships with business and higher education; and (iii) assist students in practicing and mastering business concepts, such as negotiation, pricing, and the development and implementation of plans for individual student businesses.  This act will expire on July 1, 2007, if no gifts, donations, bequests, or other funds effectuating its purposes are received by that date.  http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?051+ful+CHAP0033
Title: S.B. 969
Source: http://leg1.state.va.us

WIIssued 03/2005P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Creates the governor's council on financial literacy. The council's mission is to measurably improve the financial literacy of Wisconsin citizens. In addition to other tasks, the council will serve as a sounding board for the governor's office and the office of financial literacy and is to provide a semi-annual report on its progress, beginning on December 31, 2005.
http://www.wisgov.state.wi.us/journal_media_detail.asp?prid=1026
Title: Executive Order # 92
Source: http://www.wisgov.state.wi.us/

OKEmergency Rule Adoption 02/2005Postsec.Establishes emergency rules to address the state's deficit in financial instruction and to combat the considerable cost of fiscal illiteracy, by developing a financial literacy initiative, Oklahoma Money Matters (OKMM) under the state student loan program. OKLAHOMA REG 13725 (SN)
Title: OAC 610:25-35-1 thru -7
Source: StateNet

CAVetoed 09/2004P-12Permits a school district to include instruction on personal finance, including budgeting, savings and credit, in social sciences courses for students in grades 7 through 12. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/bill/asm/ab_2401-2450/ab_2435_bill_20040826_enrolled.html
Veto message: http://www.governor.ca.gov/govsite/pdf/vetoes/AB_2435_veto.pdf
Title: A.B. 2435
Source: California Legislative Web site

DERule Adoption 09/2004P-12Amends regulations relating to the requirements for a standard certificate for educational personnel. Changes are made to conform to changes in statute regarding licensure and certification of educators. Section is renumbered to reflect its movement to the Professional Standards section.
Title: 14 DAC, 331, 1566, 1.0 - 3.3.12
Source: StateNet

COSigned by Governor 06/2004P-12Encourages each school district and charter school to adopt a financial literacy curriculum and to make successful completion of the program a graduation requirement. http://www.leg.state.co.us/clics2004a/csl.nsf/fsbillcont3/88DE0C519CF9551087256D790053005C?Open&file=1360_enr.pdf
Title: H.B. 1360
Source: Colorado Legislative Web site

HISigned into law 04/2004P-12Designated April as "Financial Literacy for Youth" month. http://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/sessioncurrent/bills/hb1898_hd1_.htm
Title: H.B. 1898
Source: Hawaii Legislative Web site

MSSigned into law 04/2004P-12Authorizes 12 or more school districts to enter into an agreement to establish an Educational Service Agency (ESA). The ESA would be managed by an advisory board composed of the superintendents or their designees from each participating school district. The board of directors would be elected on an annual basis from the advisory board and hire an Executive Director. The ESA would provide a variety of services as determined by the participating school districts. In addition, the bill authorizes local school boards to implement a financial literacy program for students in grades 10 and 11. Implementation of this program is discretionary with the local board.

http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2004/pdf/SB/3000-3099/SB3016SG.pdf
Title: S.B. 3016
Source: StateNet

PAIssued 04/2004P-12
Postsec.
Community College
Creates the office of financial education, responsible for: (1) Coordinating financial education programs across agencies; (2) Developing and maintaining a comprehensive database of financial education programs, materials and resources; (3) Providing support for the task force on working families; (4) Advising the governor and state agencies on financial education matters; (5) Representing the Commonwealth in developing partnerships with appropriate public and private financial education agencies; and (6) Performing other duties as assigned by the Governor or the Secretary of Banking. Creates the governor's task force for working families, defines responsibilities, membership and directs task force to issue report by March 1, 2005.
http://www.oa.state.pa.us/oac/cwp/view.asp?A=351&Q=185699
Title: Executive Order
Source: http://www.oa.state.pa.us/

WAVetoed 03/2004P-12Provides for financial literacy; provides for the creation of a set of financial literacy learning guidelines, providing information on instructional materials that help students meet the learning guidelines, data collection and creating a public- private partnership to help provide instructional tools and professional development to school districts that wish to increase the financial literacy of their students.
Title: H.B. 2455
Source: StateNet

ARSigned into law 01/2004P-12Requires public school districts to offer a personal finance course to students in grades nine through twelve. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003s2/public/SB41.pdf
Title: S.B. 41
Source: Arkansas Legislative Web site

NYSigned into law 10/2003P-12Enacts the "student financial education act" to create within children the skills, knowledge and experience necessary to manage personal finances and obtain general financial literacy; allows a credit union organized to open and maintain a student branch upon agreement with a school; defines student branch; authorizes the superintendent to promulgate regulations appropriate to the formation and operation of student branches.
Title: S.B. 4113
Source: StateNet

LASigned into law 06/2003P-12Requires the free enterprise curriculum to include instruction in personal finance beginning with the 2004-2005 school year. States that personal finance includes but is not limited to income, money management, spending and credit, and savings and investing. http://www.legis.state.la.us/leg_docs/03RS/CVT1/OUT/0000KO78.PDF
Title: S.B. 38
Source: www.legis.state.la.us

SCSigned into law 06/2003P-12Requires high school students to receive instruction in the area of personal finance.
Title: S.B. 258
Source: StateNet

TXSigned into law 05/2003P-12Directs the state board to implement the inclusion of elements relating to personal finance among the essential knowledge and skills in the required public school curriculum, and to adopt and promote a personal finance education program that provides public school districts with textbook selections to assist in the program's implementation. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/cgi-bin/tlo/textframe.cmd?LEG=78&SESS=R&CHAMBER=H&BILLTYPE=CR&BILLSUFFIX=00015&VERSION=5&TYPE=B

Title: H.C.R. 15
Source: http://www.capitol.state.tx.us

KSSigned into law 04/2003P-12Requires the state board to assist in the implementation of personal financial literacy instructional programs, to include consumer financial education, personal finance and personal credit. Requires the state board to create standards and objectives for personal finance literacy for all grade levels as part of the current math curriculum or another appropriate subject-matter curriculum. Requires the state board to encourage districts to choose math, economics and other such textbooks that substantively address areas of personal finance. Requires the state board to create curriculum, materials and guidelines for implementing the program of instruction on personal financial literacy. Adds that accredited nonpublic schools may use the state board-developed curriculum, materials and guidelines, and specifies that local board use of these curriculum, materials and guidelines is voluntary rather than mandatory. http://www.kslegislature.org/bills/2004/74.pdf
Title: S.B. 74
Source: http://www.kslegislature.org

MTSigned into law 04/2003P-12Authorizes formation of student banks, called "student financial institutions" in a high school as an education program to serve only those students enrolled in the school in which the program is located. The student financial institution may be advised but not owned by one or more state- or federally chartered financial institutions, as specified. Requires the trustees (board members) in every high school or K-12 district to consider and, if advisable, establish a student financial institution. http://data.opi.state.mt.us/bills/2003/billhtml/SB0380.htm
Title: S.B. 380
Source: data.opi.state.mt.us

MOSigned into law 07/2002P-12Requires the department to conduct a study of economics and personal finance education, to be submitted to the general assembly by January 1, 2003. Requires the study to include recommendations on 1) in-service training methods for teachers on economics and personal finance; 2) funding to integrate the subjects into K-12 math, reading, writing, social studies, business, and family and consumer science courses; 3) methods of integration of testing on economics and personal finance in the state assessments with sufficient test questions to allow a separate reportable score for each of these two subjects; 4) requirements for a capstone high school course in economics and personal finance with a passing grade required for high school graduation; 5) K-12 teacher certification requirements relating to these subjects.
Title: H.B. 1973
Source: www.moga.state.mo.us

KYSigned into law 04/2002P-12Directs the Department of Education to implement the recommendations of the Interim Joint Committee on Education related to economic education; provides for related teacher professional development.
http://www.lrc.state.ky.us/RECORD/02RS/HJ25/bill.doc
Title: H.J.R. 25
Source: www.lrc.state.ky.us

MISigned into law 04/2002P-12Requires Department of Education to develop and make available to schools a model financial literacy program; provides, that to the extent federal funds are available, the Department of Education shall fund grants to public schools to encourage implementation of financial education programs.
Title: H.B. 5327
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

VASigned into law 03/2002P-12Authorizes local school boards to establish a Banking-at-School Partnership Program, consisting of school banks or school credit unions on the premises of public schools within the school division that have been developed and are operated jointly by a public school and a financial institution licensed to conduct business in the Commonwealth. The Program will be designed to provide a multidisciplinary method to reinforce, augment, and support the objectives of the relevant Standards of Learning and career and technical education competencies through practical experiences that (i) allow students to apply mathematical concepts, communication and computer technology skills, and knowledge of economic principles; (ii) allow students to develop proficiency in basic life skills pertaining to money management, personal finance, banking, commerce and trade, and investments; (iii) facilitate financial literacy and an understanding of the American economic system, Virginia's economy, the global economic system, and the effect of personal finance decisions on the national and state economic systems; and (iv) permit students to explore entrepreneurships and career options in banking and finance. The Program will be funded solely by gifts, grants, donations, in-kind services, and bequests received by a public school from its licensed partner financial institution. The department is to develop guidelines for these programs in consultation with the State Corporation Commission's Bureau of Financial Institutions, the Virginia Bankers Association, and the Virginia Credit Union League. Parental permission is required for student participation in these programs. Schools with high concentrations of at-risk and disadvantaged studented will be encouraged to participate in the Banking-at School Partnership Program. http://leg1.state.va.us/cgi-bin/legp504.exe?021+ful+CHAP0774
Title: H.B. 966
Source: http://leg1.state.va.us

TNSigned into law 05/2001P-12Requires public schools to include in the course of instruction a component on personal finance education to help students develop an understanding of and develop appropriate skills relating to the role of money,
credit, budgets, financial planning, and other relevant financial topics. Requires the Department of Education to provide the appropriate curriculum in grades K-12 for personal finance education. Local boards of education may implement additional courses and materials in personal finance at their discretion.
Title: H.B. 1177
Source: Tennessee Legislative Web Site

KYSigned into law 04/2000P-12Directs the Interim Joint Committee on Education to study the issue of the instruction of the principles of economics and the need for promoting economic education during the 2000-2002 legislative interim.
Title: H.C.R. 82
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

CASigned into law 09/1996P-12States the Legislature's recognition of the importance of home economics careers and technology to the welfare and economic stability of the State, and declares the Legislature's intent to provide a comprehensive home economics careers and technology vocational education program within the public school system. Creates within the State Department of Education a Home Economics Careers and Technology Vocational Education Unit.
Title: S.B. 1454 Home Economics Carrers and Technology Vocational Educational Unit
Source: Lexis-Nexis/StateNet

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+ School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching)
+ School/District Structure/Operations--School Size
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios
+ School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation
+ Service-Learning
+ Special Education
+ Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations
+ Special Education--Finance
+ Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming)
+ Special Education--Placement
+ Special Education--Transition
+ Special Populations--Corrections Education
+ Special Populations--Foster Care
+ Special Populations--Gifted and Talented
+ Special Populations--Homeless Education
+ Special Populations--Immigrant Education
+ Special Populations--Migrant Education
+ Special Populations--Military
+ Standards
+ Standards--Common Core State Standards
+ Standards--Implementation
+ State Comparisons/Statistics
+ State Longitudinal Data Systems
+ State Policymaking
+ State Policymaking--Ballot Questions
+ State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses
+ State Policymaking--Politics
+ State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions
+ STEM
+ Student Achievement
+ Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap
+ Student Achievement--State Trends
+ Student Supports
+ Student Supports--Counseling/Guidance
+ Student Supports--Mentoring/Tutoring
+ Student Supports--Remediation
+ Student Surveys
+ Students
+ Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities
+ Students--Employment
+ Students--Incentives
+ Students--K-12 Exchange Students
+ Students--Mobility
+ Students--Records/Rights
+ Teaching Quality
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds.
+ Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance
+ Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits
+ Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness
+ Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring
+ Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals
+ Teaching Quality--Preparation
+ Teaching Quality--Professional Development
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools
+ Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects
+ Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure)
+ Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights
+ Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining
+ Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes
+ Teaching Quality--Working Conditions
+ Technology
+ Technology--Computer Skills
+ Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware
+ Technology--Equitable Access
+ Technology--Funding Issues
+ Technology--Internet Safety
+ Technology--Research/Evaluation
+ Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training
+ Textbooks and Open Source
+ Urban
+ Urban--Change/Improvements
+ Urban--Governance
+ Whole-School Reform Models
+ Whole Child