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From the ECS State Policy Database 1994-2013

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Education Commission of the States • 700 Broadway, Suite 810 • Denver, CO 80203-3442 • 303.299.3600 • fax 303.296.8332 • www.ecs.org

The following summary includes policies ECS has tracked in this database since 1994. This database is made possible by your state's fiscal support of the Education Commission of the States (ECS). Most entries are legislative, although rules/regulations and executive orders that make substantive changes are included. Every effort is made to collect the latest available version of policies; in some instances, recent changes might not be reflected. For expediency purposes minimal attention has been paid to style (capitalization, punctuation) and format. To view the documents, click on the blue triangle next to the topic of interest. Please cite use of the database as: Education Commission of the States (ECS) State Policy Database, retrieved [date]. State Status/Date Level Summary 21st Century Skills Accountability Accountability--Accreditation Accountability--Measures/Indicators Accountability--Reporting Results Accountability--Rewards Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Learnfare Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Drive Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--No Pass No Play Accountability--Sanctions/Interventions--Takeovers Accountability--School Improvement Adult Basic Education Assessment Assessment--Accommodations Assessment--College Entrance Exams Assessment--Common Core/National Tests Assessment--Computer Based Assessment--End-of-Course Assessment--Formative/Interim Assessment--High Stakes/Competency Assessment--NAEP (NAEP Results and NAEP Organization) Assessment--Performance Based/Portfolio Assessment--Value Added At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention) At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Alternative Education At-Risk (incl. Dropout Prevention)--Drugs/Alcohol Attendance Attendance--Compulsory Attendance--Statutory Ages (Upper and Lower) Attendance--Truancy Background Checks Bilingual/ESL Brain Research Business Involvement Career/Technical Education Career/Technical Education--Career Academies/Apprenticeship Cheating Choice of Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Charter Districts Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Closings Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Cyber Charters Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Finance Choice of Schools--Charter Schools--Research Choice of Schools--Choice/Open Enrollment Choice of Schools--Innovation Schools Choice of Schools--Magnet or Specialized Schools Choice of Schools--Tax Credits Choice of Schools--Vouchers Choice of Schools--Vouchers--Privately Funded Civic Education Civic Education--Character Education Civic Education--Civic Knowledge and Literacy Civic Education--Curriculum/Standards Civic Education--Pledge of Allegiance Class Size Counseling/Guidance Curriculum Curriculum--Alignment Curriculum--Arts Education Curriculum--Censorship Curriculum--Computer Science Curriculum--Core Curriculum Curriculum--Drivers Education Curriculum--Environmental Education Curriculum--Excusal Curriculum--Family Living Education Curriculum--Financial Literacy/Economics Ed. Curriculum--Foreign Language/Sign Language Curriculum--Geography Education Curriculum--Health/Nutrition Education AZ Signed into law 06/2013 P-12 CPR training S.B. 1337 Allows school districts and charter schools to provide public school students in grades 7 through 12 with one or more CPR training sessions through the use of psychomotor skills in an age-appropriate manner. Excuses a student from CPR instruction at the reques... More... IL To governor 06/2013 P-12 Health Education and Teen Dating Violence Policies H.B. 3379 Provides that basic first aid (including, but not limited to, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the Heimlich maneuver), heart disease, diabetes, stroke, the prevention of child abuse, neglect, and suicide, and teen dating violence may be included in grades 7-1... More... NV Signed into law 06/2013 P-12 CPR Training A.B. 414 Requires instruction in the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of an automated external defibrillator to be included, to the extent money is available for this purpose, within the course of study for health for pupils enrolled in... More... TX Signed into law 06/2013 P-12 Instruction in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation H.B. 897 Requires instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in grades 7-12. Directs state board to remove use of an automated external defibrillator from the essential knowledge and skills of the health curriculum. Permits instruction to be provided by emergency med... More... TX Signed into law 06/2013 P-12 Oral Health Education in Coordinated Health Program H.B. 2483 Includes oral health education as part of the coordinated health program for public elementary, middle, and junior high school students. http://www.capitol.state.tx.us/tlodocs/83R/billtext/pdf/HB02483F.pdf#navpanes=0... More... GA Signed into law 05/2013 P-12 CPR Training S.B. 212 Requires schools to provide training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of an automated external defibrillator for students in grades seven through 12 http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/20132014/137067.pdf... More... AR Signed into law 04/2013 P-12 CPR Training H.B. 2224 Requires students to be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation as a condition of high school graduation, beginning in the 2014-2015 academic year. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2013/2013R/Bills/HB2224.pdf... More... WA Signed into law 04/2013 P-12 CPR Requirement for High School Graduation H.B. 1556 Amends existing law to include instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation which must be included in at least one health class necessary for graduation. http://apps.leg.wa.gov/documents/billdocs/2013-14/Pdf/Bills/House%20Passed%20Legislature/1556-S.PL.pdf... More... CA Signed into law 09/2012 P-12 Organ and Tissue Donation in Health and Science Curriculum Frameworks A.B. 1967 From bill summary: Requires the Instructional Quality Commission and the state board to ensure that the health and science curriculum frameworks adopted in the course of the next submission cycle include the subject of organ procurement and tissue donation, as... More... DE Signed into law 07/2012 P-12 Teen Dating Violence S.B. 206 Requires school districts and charter schools to establish a policy on responding to Teen Dating Violence and Sexual Assault, including guidelines on mandatory reporting and confidentiality, a protocol for responding to incidents of Teen Dating Violence and Se... More... VT Signed into law 05/2012 P-12 Cardiovascular Care Instruction S.B. 245 Requires that all public secondary schools and approved and recognized independent secondary schools provide instruction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of an automated external defibrillator. Requires the state commissioner of education to electr... More... TN Signed into law 03/2012 P-12 Curricular Changes for CPR Training S.B. 1680 Revises statute on CPR education, requiring schools to use hands-on practice and skills testing to support cognitive learning and training. http://www.capitol.tn.gov/Bills/107/Bill/SB1680.pdf... More... TX Adopted 11/2011 P-12 Nutrition Outreach and Education 4 TAC 26.40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 55 Renames nutrition outreach and education programs and clarifies eligibility requirements for both programs. One program is now "Expanding the 3E's Grant Program" (former "Established Nutrition Education Practices for Public Schools Grant Program"); the other i... More... FL Signed into law 06/2011 P-12 Internet Safety Instruction H.B. 251 Adds Internet safety to the list of health education topics which public schools are required to cover. http://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/loaddoc.aspx?FileName=_h0251er.docx&DocumentType=Bill&BillNumber=0251&Session=2011 ... More... NJ Signed into law 05/2011 P-12 Dating Violence Policy A 2920 Directs the Department of Education to develop a school district dating violence policy and requires school districts to provide dating violence education in the health curriculum. Requires the DOE to recommend educational resources on dating violence and shal... More... ID Signed into law 04/2011 P-12 Health Education S.B. 1204 Appropriations--Health Education - Appropriates $10,710,400 for Health Education Programs for fiscal year 2012; limits the number of full-time equivalent positions to 20.5; and provides for reappropriation of dedicated funds http://legislature.idaho.gov/legis... More... DC Adopted 07/2010 P-12 Health and Wellness LB 18-564 - Health and Wellness Requires public schools and charter schools to provide health education to students in grades K-8. Requires schools to collaborate with parents, students, food service providers, and community organizations to adopt local wellness policies and update them at l... More... FL Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Teen Dating Violence and Abuse Instruction H.B. 467 Provides that comprehensive health education taught in public schools shall include component on teen dating violence and abuse for students in grades 7-12; requires district school boards to adopt and implement dating violence and abuse policy; requires the s... More... LA Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Dating Violence Instruction H.B. 46 Requires that each school year the governing authority of each public school shall 10 provide to students in grades seven through twelve enrolled in Health Education age 11 and grade appropriate classroom instruction relative to dating violence. http://www.leg... More... NC Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Healthful Living Honors-Level Courses H.B. 901 Directs the state board of education to develop or identify academically rigorous honors level courses in healthful living education that can be offered at the high school level. Requires these honors-level courses to be more rigorous than standard-level cours... More... OH Signed into law 06/2010 P-12 Student Health S.B. 210, Part I Establishes the Healthy Choices for Healthy Children Council. Directs the council to: (1) Monitor progress in improving student health and wellness (2) Make periodic policy recommendations to the state board of education on ways to improve the nutritional sta... More... AK Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Farm-to-School Program H.B. 70 Establishes the farm-to-school program in the Department of Natural Resources; relates to school gardens, greenhouses and farms. Program will both increase the amount of farm-fresh produce from the state into the state schools and promote agricultural educatio... More... AZ Signed into law 05/2010 P-12 Curriculum S.B. 1308 AN ACT amending Title 15, chapter 3, article 3, Arizona Revised Statutes, by adding section 15-342.02; amending title 15, chapter 7, article 1, Arizona Revised Statutes, by adding section 15-712.01; Permits school district governing boards to prescribe and enf... More... OH Signed into law 12/2009 P-12 Dating Violence Prevention H.B. 19 - Dating Violence Prevention Enacts the Tina Croucher Act to require school districts to adopt a dating violence prevention policy as part of its policy prohibiting harassment, intimidation, or bullying, and to include age-appropriate dating violence prevention education in the health edu... More... IL Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Teen Dating Violence H.B. 973 Allows the Comprehensive Health Education Program in grades 8-12 to include instruction on teen dating violence. http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/96/HB/PDF/09600HB0973lv.pdf... More... IL Signed into law 08/2009 P-12 Cancer Prevention S.B. 1665 Requires that the Comprehensive Health Education Program include information about cancer, including types of cancer, signs and symptoms, risk factors, the importance of early prevention and detection, and information on where to go for help. Requires an inter... More... OR Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Early Childhood Health Literacy H.B. 3041 Authorizes the Department of Education to establish a pilot project for the purpose of assisting federal Head Start program providers located in the State with adopting and implementing health literacy programs that empower consumers of health care to better c... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Interagency Farm-to-School Coordination Task Force S.B. 1027 Establishes an interagency farm-to-school coordination task force to promote a healthy diet for schoolchildren and the business of small to mid-sized local farms and ranches. Directs the task force to develop and implement a plan to facilitate the availability... More... TX Signed into law 06/2009 P-12 Nutrition Education S.B. 282 Authorizes the department of agriculture to develop an outreach program to promote better health and nutrition programs and prevent obesity among children in the state. Directs the department of agriculture to develop a program to award grants to public school... More... RI Signed into law 07/2008 P-12 Standards-Based PE and Health Curriculum S.B. 2621 Requires that the physical education and health curriculums in schools be based on standards set by the Health Education Framework and the Physical Education Framework. http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/PublicLaws/law08/law08463.htm... More... OK Signed into law 06/2008 P-12 School Health Coordinators Pilot Program H.B. 3395 Directs the State Department of Education to contract with a statewide school health program to establish a School Health Coordinators Pilot Program in which a maximum of six school health educators would assist school districts and Health and Fit School Advis... More... WA Signed into law 03/2008 P-12 Local Farms-Healthy Kids Act S.B. 6483 The bill creates the farm-to-school program within the department of agriculture to facilitate increased procurement of Washington grown food by schools. The department of agriculture, along with the department of health, the office of the superintendent of pu... More... LA Signed into law 06/2007 P-12 Health and Physical Education Coordinator S.B. 362 Directs the state department of education to hire a health and physical education coordinator not later than the beginning of the 2008-2009 school year to develop, implement, monitor compliance with, and provide technical assistance as needed on health and phy... More... IA Signed into law 04/2007 P-12 Human Growth and Development Curriculum H.F. 611 Defines "age-appropriate" and "research-based." Directs the department of education to develop age-appropriate and research-based materials for districts about the dangers of sexual exploitation by means of the Internet, including specific strategies to help s... More... UT Signed into law 03/2007 P-12 Parental Notification/Consent Clinical Health Care Class H.B. 371 Requires specific parental notification and consent before public education students who are minors may participate in the clinical experience segment of health care occupation programs at a high school or other institution to which the student has been referr... More... IL Signed into law 06/2006 P-12 Abandoned Newborn Infant Protection Act S.B. 2455 Deletes provision that requires all sex education courses to advise pupils of the provisions of the Abandoned Newborn Infant Protection Act (325 ILCS 2/) and provide information about responsible parenting and the availability of confidential adoption services... More... NJ Adopted 06/2005 P-12 Model School Nutrition Policy Nutrition Rule, Department of Agriculture State Board of Agriculture has approved Agriculture Department's amended Nutrition Rule. Will be phased in. By September 1, 2006, districts are required to adopt a school nutrition policy. By September 1, 2007, districts must match their policies to the Model ... More... SC Signed into law 06/2005 P-12 Physical Education, School Health Services, and Nutritional Standards H.B. 3499 Adds Chapter 10, entitled Physical Education, School Health Services, and Nutritional Standards. Applies to elementary schools. Sets the amount of physical education instruction that each student in kindergarten through fifth grade must receive each week on a ... More... AZ Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Instruction on Skin Cancer Prevention S.B. 1297 Requires all public schools to incorporate instruction on skin cancer prevention into the existing curriculum in the common school grades if the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provides a comprehensive program on skin cancer prevention free of charge to s... More... KS Signed into law 04/2005 P-12 Food and Beverages S.B. 154 Requires the state board to develop nutrition guidelines for all foods and beverages made available to public school students during the school day. Requires the state board of education to consult with other state agencies, private foundations and other priva... More... CA Signed into law 08/2004 P-12 Comprehensive Sexual Health and AIDS Prevention A.B. 1925 Requires, if instruction in comprehensive sexual health education and HIV/AIDS prevention will be taught by outside consultants, or if that instruction is to be given in an assembly by guest speakers, a school district to notify the parent or guardian of a pup... More... MI To governor 06/2004 P-12 Sex Education Instruction S.B. 943 Revises requirements for instruction in sex education; requires teaching abstinence relative to HIV/AIDS issues; requires emphasis on marriage when teaching about sexual intercourse; requires teaching that adoption is a positive option for teen mothers; requir... More... CA Signed into law 10/2003 P-12 Education: Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention S.B. 71 Establishes the Comprehensive Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention Education Act. Authorizes school districts to provide comprehensive sexual health education in any kindergarten to grade 12, inclusive, to ensure that all pupils in grades 7 to 12, inclusive, ... More... CA Signed into law 09/2003 P-12 Health Education A.B. 195 Specifies pupils may receive instruction relating to the components of preventative health. The instruction on nutrition may include related topics such as obesity and diabetes. Specifies the health care professionals should represent the varied fields of heal... More... TX Signed into law 06/2003 P-12 School Nutrition S.C.R. 49 Requests the lieutenant governor and the speaker to create a joint interim committee to study issues related to nutrition among state public school children.... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Oral Health Instruction into Public School S.B. 811 Implements oral health instruction into public school curricula. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/ftproot/bills/2003/public/SB811.pdf... More... AR Signed into law 04/2003 P-12 Child Health Advisory Committee H.B. 1583 Creates a Child Health Advisory Committee; coordinates statewide efforts to combat childhood obesity; provides for standards and policy recommendations of foods sold individually in school cafeterias but outside the regulated National School Lunch Program and ... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Enrichment Programs, Nutrition Education A.B. 2024 Relates to existing law which provides incentives for schools and communities to partner together to establish after school enrichment programs. Authorizes nutrition education to be provided as part of the educational enrichment component.... More... CA Signed into law 09/2002 P-12 Nutrition Education Curriculum A.B. 1634 Requires the Department of Education to incorporate nutrition education curriculum content into the health curriculum framework at its next revision. Requires the department to make competitive grants available to school districts and county offices of educati... More... TN Signed into law 06/2002 P-12 Food Offerings H.J.R. 646 Relates to urging primary and secondary schools to offer students more calcium rich foods and beverages in their lunch and snack bar programs.... More... CA Signed into law 09/2001 P-12 Information on school meals S.B. 19 Authorizes every public school to post a summary of nutrition and physical activity laws and regulations and the school district policies. Requires the Department of Education to develop the summary. Requires the sale of all foods on school grounds of certain ... More... TX Signed into law 06/2001 P-12 CPR Instruction H.B. 821 Relates to cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction of public school students.... More... GA Signed into law 04/2001 P-12 Recess In Schools S.R. 252 Act No. 33., Relates to obesity in children; creates the Joint Study Committee on Physical Activity (recess) in Schools.... More... CA Vetoed 09/2000 P-12 School Food Service Programs S.B. 1514 Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to convene an advisory task force to explore ways to inform parents about the healthfulness and basic nutritional value of all food served in public schools, including genetically engineered foods. Requires the... More... TN Signed into law 02/2000 P-12 Coordinated Health Program H.B. 674 Provides for coordinated school health program; requires program to include, but not be limited to, school nurses, health education, school nutrition services, a health school environment, and school counseling, psychological and social services.... More... Curriculum--Home Economics Curriculum--International Education Curriculum--Language Arts Curriculum--Language Arts--Writing/Spelling Curriculum--Mathematics Curriculum--Multicultural Curriculum--Physical Education Curriculum--Science Curriculum--Sex Education Curriculum--Social Studies/History Data-Driven Improvement Demographics Demographics--Condition of Children/Adults Demographics--Enrollments Desegregation Economic/Workforce Development Economic/Workforce Development--Value of an Education Education Research Equity Federal Finance Finance--Adequacy/Core Cost Finance--Aid to Private Schools Finance--Bonds Finance--District Finance--Does Money Matter? Finance--Equity Finance--Facilities Finance--Federal Finance--Funding Formulas Finance--Litigation Finance--Local Foundations/Funds Finance--Lotteries Finance--Performance Funding Finance--Private Giving Finance--Resource Efficiency Finance--State Budgets/Expenditures Finance--Student Fees Finance--Taxes/Revenues Finance--Taxes/Revenues--Alternative Revenues Governance Governance--Deregulation/Waivers/Home Rule Governance--Ethics/Conflict of Interest Governance--Mandates Governance--Regional Entities Governance--School Boards Governance--School Boards--Training Governance--Site-Based Management Governance--State Boards/Chiefs/Agencies Health Health--Child Abuse Health--Mental Health Health--Nutrition Health--School Based Clinics or School Nurses Health--Suicide Prevention Health--Teen Pregnancy High School High School--Advanced Placement High School--College Readiness High School--Credit Recovery High School--Dropout Rates/Graduation Rates High School--Dual/Concurrent Enrollment High School--Early Colleges/Middle Colleges High School--Exit Exams High School--GED (General Education Development) High School--Graduation Requirements Instructional Approaches Instructional Approaches--Constructivism Instructional Approaches--Grading Practices Instructional Approaches--Homeschooling Instructional Approaches--Homework/Study Skills Instructional Approaches--Official English Instructional Approaches--Problem Based Learning Instructional Approaches--Single-Sex Education Instructional Approaches--Teaching Across Disciplines Instructional Approaches--Time/Time on Task Instructional Approaches--Tracking/Ability Grouping Integrated Services/Full-Service Schools International Baccalaureate International Benchmarking Leadership Leadership--District Superintendent Leadership--District Superintendent--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Certification and Licensure Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Compensation and Diversified Pay Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Evaluation and Effectiveness Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Induction Programs and Mentoring Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Preparation--Alternative Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Professional Development Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Recruitment and Retention Leadership--Principal/School Leadership--Tenure Mentoring/Tutoring Middle School Minority/Diversity Issues Minority/Diversity Issues--African American Minority/Diversity Issues--American Indian / Alaska Native / Native Hawaiian Minority/Diversity Issues--Hispanic No Child Left Behind No Child Left Behind--Adequate Yearly Progress No Child Left Behind--Assessment No Child Left Behind--Choice/Transfer No Child Left Behind--Consequences for Schools No Child Left Behind--Finance No Child Left Behind--Parent Involvement No Child Left Behind--Reauthorization Issues/Waivers No Child Left Behind--Report Cards No Child Left Behind--School Support No Child Left Behind--Special Populations No Child Left Behind--Supplemental Services Online Learning--Digital/Blended Learning Online Learning--Virtual Schools/Courses P-16 or P-20 P-3 P-3 Brain Development P-3 Child Care P-3 Content Standards and Assessment P-3 Data Systems P-3 Early Intervention (0-3) P-3 English Language Learners (ELL) P-3 Ensuring Quality P-3 Evaluation/Economic Benefits P-3 Family Involvement P-3 Finance P-3 Governance P-3 Grades 1-3 P-3 Health and Mental Health P-3 Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full-Day Kindergarten P-3 Kindergarten--Full Day Kindergarten P-3 Preschool P-3 Public/Private Partnerships P-3 Special Ed./Inclusion P-3 Teaching Quality/Professional Development P-3 Technology Parent/Family Parent/Family--Parent Rights Parent/Family--Research Partnerships--University/School Postsecondary Postsecondary Accountability Postsecondary Accountability--Accreditation Postsecondary Accountability--Diploma Mills Postsecondary Accountability--Licensing/Program Review and Approval Postsecondary Accountability--Student Learning Postsecondary Affordability Postsecondary Affordability--Financial Aid Postsecondary Affordability--Textbooks Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Prepd/College Savings Plans Postsecondary Affordability--Tuition/Fees--Undocumented Immigrants Postsecondary Faculty Postsecondary Faculty--Compensation Postsecondary Faculty--Intellectual Property Postsecondary Faculty--Teaching Assistants Postsecondary Faculty--Tenure Postsecondary Finance Postsecondary Finance--Efficiency/Performance-Based Funding Postsecondary Finance--Facilities Postsecondary Finance--Revenue and Expenditures Postsecondary Governance and Structures Postsecondary Governance and Structures--Administrative/Leadership Issues Postsecondary Governance and Structures--State Executives/State Agencies Postsecondary Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Community/Technical Colleges Postsecondary Institutions--For-Profit/Proprietary Postsecondary Institutions--Four-Year Baccalaureate Postsecondary Institutions--HBCUs/Minority-Serving Institutions Postsecondary Institutions--Private/Independent Postsecondary Online Instruction Postsecondary Participation Postsecondary Participation--Access Postsecondary Participation--Admissions Requirements Postsecondary Participation--Affirmative Action Postsecondary Participation--Enrollments (Statistics) Postsecondary Participation--Outreach Postsecondary Students Postsecondary Students--Adults Postsecondary Students--Disabled Postsecondary Students--Foster Youth Postsecondary Students--Graduate/Professional Postsecondary Students--International Postsecondary Students--Low-Income Postsecondary Students--Military Postsecondary Students--Minority Postsecondary Success Postsecondary Success--Completion Postsecondary Success--Developmental/Remediation Postsecondary Success--Retention/Persistence Postsecondary Success--Transfer/Articulation Private Schools Privatization Privatization--Education Management Agencies (EMOs) Proficiency-Based Approaches Promising Practices Promotion/Retention Public Involvement Purposes of Public Education Reading/Literacy Reading/Literacy--Adult Literacy Religion Religion--Prayer/Meditation Religion--Scientific Creationism (Evolution) Remediation (K-12) Rural Scale-Up/Replication Scheduling/School Calendar Scheduling/School Calendar--Day/Class Length Scheduling/School Calendar--Extended Day Programs Scheduling/School Calendar--Summer School Scheduling/School Calendar--Week Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Scheduling/School Calendar--Year Round School Climate/Culture School Safety School Safety--Bullying Prevention/Conflict Resolution School Safety--Code of Conduct School Safety--Corporal Punishment School Safety--Disaster/Emergency Preparedness School Safety--Expulsion/Suspension School Safety--No Child Left Behind--Safe Schools School Safety--Sexual Harassment and Assault School Safety--Special Education School Safety--Uniforms/Dress Codes School/District Structure/Operations School/District Structure/Operations--District Consolidation/Deconsolidation School/District Structure/Operations--District Size School/District Structure/Operations--Facilities School/District Structure/Operations--Food Service School/District Structure/Operations--Libraries School/District Structure/Operations--Org. (K-3/K-8 etc.) School/District Structure/Operations--Personnel (Non-Teaching) School/District Structure/Operations--School Size School/District Structure/Operations--Shared Services School/District Structure/Operations--Staffing Ratios School/District Structure/Operations--Transportation Service-Learning Social/Emotional Learning and Non-Cognitive Skills Special Education Special Education--Federal Law/Regulations Special Education--Finance Special Education--Inclusion (Mainstreaming) Special Education--Placement Special Education--Transition Special Populations--Corrections Education Special Populations--Foster Care Special Populations--Gifted and Talented Special Populations--Homeless Education Special Populations--Immigrant Education Special Populations--Migrant Education Special Populations--Military Standards Standards--Common Core State Standards Standards--Implementation State Comparisons/Statistics State Longitudinal Data Systems State Policymaking State Policymaking--Ballot Questions State Policymaking--Constitutional Clauses State Policymaking--Politics State Policymaking--Task Forces/Commissions STEM Student Achievement Student Achievement--Closing the Achievement Gap Student Surveys Students Students--Athletics/Extracurricular Activities Students--Employment Students--Incentives Students--K-12 Exchange Students Students--Mobility Students--Records/Rights Teaching Quality Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Alternative Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Assignment Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Highly Qualified Teachers Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Natl. Bd. for Prof. Teach. Stds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Special Education Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--State Prof. Standards Bds. Teaching Quality--Certification and Licensure--Substitute Teachers Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Pay-for-Performance Teaching Quality--Compensation and Diversified Pay--Retirement/Benefits Teaching Quality--Evaluation and Effectiveness Teaching Quality--Induction Programs and Mentoring Teaching Quality--Paraprofessionals Teaching Quality--Preparation Teaching Quality--Professional Development Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--At-Risk Schools Teaching Quality--Recruitment and Retention--High-Needs Subjects Teaching Quality--Reduction in Force Teaching Quality--Teacher Attitudes Teaching Quality--Teacher Contracts (Not Tenure) Teaching Quality--Teacher Rights Teaching Quality--Tenure or Continuing Contract Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining Teaching Quality--Unions/Collective Bargaining--Strikes Teaching Quality--Working Conditions Technology Technology--Computer Skills Technology--Devices/Software/Hardware Technology--Equitable Access Technology--Funding Issues Technology--Internet Safety Technology--Research/Evaluation Technology--Teacher/Faculty Training Textbooks and Open Source Urban Urban--Change/Improvements Urban--Governance Whole-School Reform Models